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| 1 | Systematic review: The placebo effect of psychological interventions in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM To determine the placebo response rate associated with different types of placebo interventions used in psychological intervention studies for irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing psychological interventions(stress management/relaxation therapy(cognitive) behavioral therapy, short-term psychodynamic therapy, and hypnotherapy) for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) diagnosed with the Manning or Rome criteria with an adequate placebo control treatment and reporting data on IBS symptom severity were identified by searching Pub Med, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Psyc INFO databases. Full-text articles that were written in English and published between 1966 and February 2016 in peer-reviewed journals were selected for the present review. Placebo interventions were considered to be adequate if the number of sessions and the amount of time spent with the therapist were the same as in the active treatment. The placebo response rate(PRR) was computed for IBS symptom severity(primary outcome measure) as well as for anxiety, depression and quality of life(secondary outcome measures). RESULTS Six studies, with a total of 555 patients met the inclusion criteria. Four studies used an educational intervention, whereas two studies used a form of supportive therapy as the placebo intervention. The PRR for IBS symptom severity ranged from 25% to 59%, with a pooled mean of 41.4%. The relative PRR for the secondary outcome measures ranged from 0% to 267% for anxiety, 6% to 52% for depression 20% to 125% for quality of life. The PRR associated with pharmacological treatments, treatment with dietary bran and complementary medicine ranged from 37.5% to 47%. Contrary to our expectations, the PRR in studies on psychological interventions was comparable to that in studies on pharmacological, dietary and alternative medical interventions.CONCLUSION The PRR is probably determined to a larger extent by patient-related factors, such as expectations and desire for the treatment to be effective, than the content of the placebo intervention. | Carla E Flik Laura Bakker Wijnand Laan Yanda R van Rood André JPM Smout Niek J de Wit | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，12： | 7 |
| 2 | American collegiate men's ice hockey:an analysis of injuries显示文摘 | Flik K Lyman S Marx RG | 2005 | Ame J Sports Med2005，33，： | 1 |
| 3 | CRF and stress in fish显示文摘 | Flik G Klaren P H van den Burg E H | 2006 | General and Comparative Endocrinology2006，146，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using achilles tendon allograft: an assessment of outcome for patients age 30 years and older 显示文摘 | Chehab EL Flik KR Vidal AF | 2011 | HSS J2011，7，1： | 1 |
| 5 | A role for di-acetyl alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of cor- tisol release in the teleost Oreochromis mossambicus显示文摘 | Lamers A E Flik G Atsma W | 1992 | JEndocrinol1992，135，2： | 1 |
| 6 | The acute stress response of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, kept on a red or white background 显示文摘 | van der SALM A L PAVLIDIS M FLIK G | 2006 | General and Comparative Endocrinology2006，145，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Welfare of farmed fish in present and future production systems显示文摘 | KIESSLING A VAN DE VIS H FLIK G | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 8 | The impact of calcium, mag- nesium, zinc, and copper in blood and seminal plasma on semen pa- rameters in men显示文摘 | Wong WY Flik G Groenen PM | 2001 | Reprod Toxicol2001，15，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Prolaction cell activity and ion regulation in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) : effects of a low magnesium diet显示文摘 | van der Velden J A Flik G Wendelaar Bonga S E | 1992 | Journal of Fish Biology1992，40，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Calcium pump activities in the kidneys of Oreochromis mossambicus 显示文摘 | Bijvelds M Heijden A Flik G | 1995 | J Exp Biol1995，198，： | 1 |
| 11 | Orthopaedic Trauma in the pregnancy patient 显示文摘 | Flik KY Peter KN Toro JB | 2006 | Am J Obstet Gyncol2006，14，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of husbandry conditions on the skin colour and stress response of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus显示文摘 | Salm A L Martinez M Flik G | 2004 | Aquaculture2004，241，： | 1 |
| 13 | Calcium transport in fish gills and intestine 显示文摘 | Flik G Verbost P M | 1993 | J Exp Biol1993，184，： | 1 |
| 14 | Cortisol increase Na+/K+ -ATPase density in plasma membranes of gill chloride cells in the freshwater tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus 显示文摘 | Dang Z C Balm P H M Flik G | 2000 | Journal of Experimental Biology2000，203，15： | 1 |
| 15 | Ca^2+-dependent phos- phatase and ATPase activities in eel gill plasma membranes-L I- dentification of Ca^2+-activated ATPase activities with non-specific phosphatase activities 显示文摘 | Flik G Wendelaar B S E Fenwick J G | 1983 | Comp Biochem Physiol1983，76，： | 1 |
| 16 | Ca^2+ and Mg^2+ Transport in Gills and Gut of Tilapia, Oreochromis mossa- mbicus: A Review 显示文摘 | Flik G Van der Velden J A Dechering K J | 1993 | J Exp Zool1993，265，： | 1 |
| 17 | Kinetics of ATP-and Na+ -gradient driven Ca2+ transport in basolateral membranes from gills of freshwater-and seawater-adapted tilapia显示文摘 | Verbost P M Schoenmakers TH J M Flik G | 1994 | Journal of Experimental Biology1994，186，： | 1 |
| 18 | Whole-body calcium flux rates in cichlid teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus adapted to freshwater 显示文摘 | Flik G Fenwick J C Kolar Z | 1985 | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol1985，249，： | 1 |
| 19 | Characterization of branchial transepithelial calcium fluxes in freshwater trout, Salmo gairdneri 显示文摘 | Perry S F Flik G | 1988 | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol1988，254，： | 1 |
| 20 | The corpuscles of stannius, calcium-sensing receptor, and stanniocalcin: Responses to calcimimetics and physiological challenges显示文摘 | Greenwood M P Flik G Wagner G F | 2009 | Endocrinology2009，150，7： | 1 |
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