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| 1 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.AIM To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan reports.We searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles retrieved.Random effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both sexes.The highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years old.Meta-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of EC.The best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 d.CONCLUSION Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Men in this setting are at increased risk due to their higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption.Management requires a multidisciplinary approach,and survival is significantly improved in the setting of esophagectomy and chemoradiation therapy. | Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 9 |
| 2 | Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal显示文摘 | Meinhold J Filipe C D M Daigger G T | 1999 | War Sci Technol1999，39，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Microcystin-LR induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes显示文摘 | Zegura B Gajski G Straser A Garaj-Vrhovac V Filipic?M | 2011 | Mutat Res2011，726，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Phenolic compounds in seven South American Hex species显示文摘 | FILIP R LOPEZ P GIBERTI G | 2001 | Fitoterapia2001，72，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal显示文摘 | Meinhold J Filipe C D M Daigger G T | 1999 | Water Science and Technology1999，39，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Peroxidase-like activity of llex paraguariensis 显示文摘 | ANESINI C FERRARO G FILIP R | 2006 | Food Chemistry2006，97，3： | 1 |
| 7 | A metabolic model for acetate uptake under anaerobic con- ditions by glycogen accumulating organisms: stoichiom- etry, kinetics, and the effect of pH 显示文摘 | FILIPE C D M DAIGGER G T GRADYC PL | 2001 | Biotechnology and Bioengineering2001，76，： | 1 |
| 8 | Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal显示文摘 | Meinhold J Filipe C D M Daigger G T | 1999 | Water Science & Technology1999，39，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Risk factors for 12-month comor- bidity of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders : findings from the netherlands mental health survey and incidence study显示文摘 | Ronde G Rob VB Filip S | 2002 | Am J Psychiatry2002，159，： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of pH on the rates of aerobic metabolism of phospho- rus-accumulating and glycogen-accumulating organ- isms显示文摘 | FILIPE C D M DAIGGER G T GRADY C P L | 2001 | Water Environment Research2001，73，： | 1 |
| 11 | Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of commercially available tea in Argentina显示文摘 | Anesini C Ferraro G E Filip R | 2008 | J Agric Food Chem2008，56，19： | 1 |
| 12 | Stoichiometry and kinetics of acetate uptake under anaerobic conditions by an enriched culture of phosphorus-accumulating organisms at different pHs显示文摘 | FILIPE C D M DAIGGER G T GRADY C P L | 2001 | Biotechnology Bioengineering2001，76，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in brological phosphate removal process显示文摘 | Meinhold J Filipe C D M Dagger G T | 1999 | Wat Sci-Tech1999，39，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Phenolic compounds in seven South American Ilex species显示文摘 | López P Giberti G | 2001 | Fitoterapia2001，，72： | 1 |
| 15 | Charac-terization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumula-ting organisms in bio- logical phosphate removal process显示文摘 | MEIHOLD J FILIPE C D M DAGGER G T | 1999 | Water Science and Technology1999，39，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphateaccumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal显示文摘 | MEINHOLD J FILIPE C DAIGGER G T | 1999 | Water Science and Technology1999，39，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal process显示文摘 | Meinhold J Filipe C D M Dagger G T | 1999 | War Sci Technol1999，39，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Use of the Pavlik harness in treating congenital dislocation of the hip显示文摘 | Filipe G Carlioz H | 1982 | J Pediatr Orthop1982，2，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Formation of humic-like substances in mixed and pure cultures of aquatic microorganisms显示文摘 | Claus H Gleixner G Filip Z | 1999 | Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica1999，27，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal显示文摘 | Meinhold J Filipe C D M Daigger G T | 1999 | Water Sci Teeh1999，39，1： | 1 |
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