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| 1 | The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue显示文摘The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue(GALT) are essential components of whole body immune defense,protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens,while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary antigens.The requirement for protein to support the immune system is well established.Less is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids,particularly on the GALT.Both oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake,but the availability of specific dietary amino acids(in particular glutamine,glutamate,and arginine,and perhaps methionine,cysteine and threonine) are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune cells.These amino acids each have unique properties that include,maintaining the integrity,growth and function of the intestine,as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers,specific T cell functions,and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria cells.Our understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune parameters.Future studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states. | Megan R Ruth Catherine J Field | 2013 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2013，4，3： | 11 |
| 2 | Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance of remission in steroid-dependent autoimmune pancreatitis显示文摘Systemic corticosteroids represent the standard treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis with IgG4-associated cholangitis.For steroid-dependent disease,azathioprine has been used for maintenance of remission.Mycophenolate mofetil has been used for transplant immunosuppression and more recently for autoimmune hepatitis;however,there are no case reports to date on the use of mycophenolate mofetil in adult patients with autoimmune pancreatitis.A patient with IgG4-mediated autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-associated cholangitis refractory to steroids and intolerant of azathioprine was treated with mycophenolate mofetil,which inhibits de novo guanosine synthesis and blockade of both B and T lymphocyte production.Introduction of mycophenolate mofetil and uptitration to 1000 mg by mouth twice daily over a treatment period of 4 mo was associated with improvement in the patient's energy level and blood glucose control and was not associated with any adverse events.The patient was managed without a biliary stent.However,there was a return of symptoms,jaundice,increase in transaminases,and hyperbilirubinemia when the prednisone dose reached 11 mg per day.In the first report of mycophenolate mofetil use in an adult patient with IgG4-associated autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-associated cholangitis,the introduction of mycophenolate mofetil was safe and well-tolerated without adverse events,but it did not enable discontinuation of the steroids.Mycophenolate mofetil and other immunomodulatory therapies should continue to be studied for maintenance of remission in the large subset of patients with refractory or recurrent autoimmune pancreatitis. | Jamie B Sodikoff Steven A Keilin Sheila J Bharmal Melinda M Lewis Gottumukkala S Raju Field F Willingham | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，18： | 6 |
| 3 | Clinical classification of symptomatic heterotopic pancreas of the stomach and duodenum:A case series and systematic literature review显示文摘BACKGROUND Heterotopic pancreas(HP)is an aberrant anatomic malformation that occurs most commonly in the upper gastrointestinal tract.While the majority of heterotopic pancreatic lesions are asymptomatic,many manifest severe clinical symptoms which require surgical or endoscopic intervention.Understanding of the clinical manifestations and symptoms of HP is limited due to the lack of large volume studies in the literature.The purpose of this study is to review symptomatic cases at a single center and compare these to a systematic review of the literature in order to characterize common clinical manifestations and treatment of this disease.AIM To classify the common clinical manifestations of heterotopic pancreas.METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of pathologic samples containing heterotopic pancreas from 2000-2018.Review was limited to HP of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to the frequency of presentation in this location.Symptomatic patients were identified from review of the medical records and clinical symptoms were tabulated.These were compared to a systematic review of the literature utilizing Pub Med and Embase searches for papers pertaining to heterotopic pancreas.Publications describing symptomatic presentation of HP were selected for review.Information including demographics,symptoms,presentation and treatment were compiled and analyzed.RESULTS Twenty-nine patient were identified with HP at a single center,with six of these identified has having clinical symptoms.Clinical manifestations included,gastrointestinal bleeding,gastric ulceration with/without perforation,pancreatitis,and gastric outlet obstruction.Systemic review of the literature yielded 232 publications detailing symptomatic cases with only 20 studies describing ten or more patients.Single and multi-patient studies were combined to form a cohort of 934 symptomatic patients.The majority of patients presented with abdominal pain(67%)combined with one of the following clinical categories:(1)Dyspepsia,(n=445,48%);(2)Pancreatitis(n=260,28%);(3)Gastrointestinal bleeding(n=80,9%);and(4)Gastric outlet obstruction(n=80,9%).The majority of cases(n=832,90%)underwent surgical or endoscopic resection with 85%reporting resolution or improvement in their symptoms.CONCLUSION Heterotopic pancreas can cause significant clinical symptoms in the upper gastrointestinal tract.Better understanding and classification of this disease may result in more accurate identification and treatment of this malformation. | Michael T Le Compte Brandon Mason Keenan J Robbins Motoyo Yano Deyali Chatterjee Ryan C Fields Steven M Strasberg William G Hawkins | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，14： | 3 |
| 4 | Postoperative morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: preliminary results of the MRC randomised controlled surgical trial显示文摘 | A Cuschieri V Joypaul P Fayers P Cook J Fielding J Craven J Bancewicz | 1996 | The Lancet . 1996 (9007)1996，，： | 2 |
| 5 | The deformation and fracture of β-HMX显示文摘 | Palmer S J P Field J E | 1982 | ProcRSocLondA1982，，： | 1 |
| 6 | DNA synthesis and multinucleation in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes显示文摘 | SOONPAA M H FIELD L J | 1995 | Am J Physiol1995，269，62： | 1 |
| 7 | How flat is Tibet? 显示文摘 | FIELDING E J | 1994 | Geology1994，22，： | 1 |
| 8 | The deter- minants of corporate board size and composition: an empirical analysis 显示文摘 | BOONE A FIELD L KARPOFF J | 2007 | Journal of Financial Economics2007，85，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Tensile and Fatigue Strength of Free-standing CVD Diamond显示文摘 | Daviesa A R Field J E Takahashi K | 2005 | Diamond and Related Materials2005，14，： | 1 |
| 10 | Advanced anaerobic wastewater treatment in the near future显示文摘 | Lettinga G Field J Van Lier J B Zeeman G Pol L W H | 1997 | Wat Sci Technol1997，35，10： | 1 |
| 11 | CYP2E1 and CYP4A as microsomal catalysts of lipid peroxides in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘 | Leclercq IA Farrell GC Field J | 2000 | J Clin Invest2000，105，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Infection of the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus by a Hematodinium-like species of dinoflagellate on the west coast of Scotland 显示文摘 | Field R H Chapman C J Taylor AC | 1992 | Dis Aquat Org1992，13，： | 1 |
| 13 | Neona- tal disease severity scoring systems显示文摘 | DORLING J S FIELD D J MANKTELOW B | 2005 | Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed2005，90，： | 1 |
| 14 | Characterization of a novel manganese peroxidase?lignin peroxidase hybrid isozyme produced by Bjerkondera species strain BOS55 in the absence of manganese显示文摘 | Mester T Field J A | 1998 | Journal of Biological Chemistry1998，273，15： | 1 |
| 15 | Quantitative determi-nation of 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran in groundwater bysolid phase extraction GC/MS/MS显示文摘 | ISAACSON C MOHR T K FIELD J A | 2006 | Environmental Scienceand Technology2006，40，23： | 1 |
| 16 | Tibet uplift and erosion显示文摘 | Fielding E J | 1996 | Tectonophysics1996，260，： | 1 |
| 17 | An ap- proach to automatic three-dimensional finite element mesh generation显示文摘 | CAVENDISH J C FIELD D A FREY W H | 1985 | International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering1985，21，2： | 1 |
| 18 | What is 'emerging'? 显示文摘 | Field J A Johnson C A Rose J B | 2006 | Environmental Science & Technology2006，40，23： | 1 |
| 19 | Cross-linking mechanisms of arginine and lysine with α,β-dicarbonyl compounds in aqueous solution显示文摘 | Nasiri R Field M J Zahedi M | | 0，，46： | 1 |
| 20 | Power 4 system micro architecture显示文摘 | TENDLER J M DODSON J S FIELDS J S | 2002 | IBM Journal of Research and Development2002，46，1： | 1 |
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