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| 1 | 双元制职业教育--德国经济竞争力的提升动力显示文摘以国际标准衡量,双元制职业教育属于一种迄今只在少数几个国家达到较高发展水平的职业教育与培训形式。但近年来,很多国家对于引进双元制职业教育模式的兴趣越来越高(Rauner,Smith,2010)。本文将阐释德国的企业、职业联盟、工会组织以及联邦和各州政府坚持这一职教模式并使其实现持续现代化发展的原因。 | 菲利克斯·劳耐尔(Felix Rauner) | 2011 | 职业技术教育2011，32，12： | 46 |
| 2 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-A multisystem disease?显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the most common comorbidities associated with overweight and metabolic syndrome(Met S). Importantly, NAFLD is one of its most dangerous complications because it can lead to severe liver pathologies, including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatic cellular carcinoma. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease and therefore is a major global health problem. Currently, NAFLD is predominantly regarded as a hepatic manifestation of Met S. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the effects of NAFLD extend beyond the liver and are negatively associated with a range of chronic diseases, most notably cardiovascular disease(CVD), diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM) and chronic kidney disease(CKD). It is becoming increasingly clear that these diseases are the result of the same underlying pathophysiological processes associated with Met S, such as insulin resistance, chronic systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia. As a result, they have been shown to be independent reciprocal risk factors. In addition, recent data have shown that NAFLD actively contributes to aggravation of the pathophysiology of CVD, T2 DM, and CKD, as well as several other pathologies. Thus, NAFLD is a direct cause of many chronic diseases associated with MetS, and better detection and treatment of fatty liver disease is therefore urgently needed. As non-invasive screening methods for liver disease become increasingly available, detection and treatment of NAFLD in patients with MetS should therefore be considered by both(sub-) specialists and primary care physicians. | Ivana Mikolasevic Sandra Milic Tamara Turk Wensveen Ivana Grgic Ivan Jakopcic Davor Stimac Felix Wensveen Lidija Orlic | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，43： | 32 |
| 3 | Smart Grids with Intelligent Periphery:An Architecture for the Energy Internet显示文摘A future smart grid must fulfi ll the vision of the Energy Internet in which millions of people produce their own energy from renewables in their homes, offi ces, and factories and share it with each other. Electric vehicles and local energy storage will be widely deployed. Internet technology will be utilized to transform the power grid into an energysharing inter-grid. To prepare for the future, a smart grid with intelligent periphery, or smart GRIP, is proposed. The building blocks of GRIP architecture are called clusters and include an energy-management system(EMS)-controlled transmission grid in the core and distribution grids, micro-grids, and smart buildings and homes on the periphery; all of which are hierarchically structured. The layered architecture of GRIP allows a seamless transition from the present to the future and plug-and-play interoperability. The basic functions of a cluster consist of ①dispatch, ② smoothing, and ③ mitigation. A risk-limiting dispatch methodology is presented; a new device, called the electric spring, is developed for smoothing out fl uctuations in periphery clusters; and means to mitigate failures are discussed. | Felix F.Wu Pravin P.Varaiya Ron S.Y.Hui | 2015 | Engineering2015，1，4： | 23 |
| 4 | Colorectal liver metastases:An update on multidisciplinary approach显示文摘Liver metastasis is the commonest form of distant metastasis in colorectal cancer.Selection criteria for surgery and liver-directed therapies have recently been extended.However,resectability remains poorly defined.Tumour biology is increasingly recognized as an important prognostic factor;hence molecular profiling has a growing role in risk stratification and management planning.Surgical resection is the only treatment modality for curative intent.The most appropriate surgical approach is yet to be established.The primary cancer and the hepatic metastasis can be removed simultaneously or in a two-step approach;these two strategies have comparable long-term outcomes.For patients with a limited future liver remnant,portal vein embolization,combined ablation and resection,and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy have been advocated,and each has their pros and cons.The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy is still debated.Targeted biological agents and loco-regional therapies(thermal ablation,intra-arterial chemo-or radio-embolization,and stereotactic radiotherapy) further improve the already favourable results.The recent debate about offering liver transplantation to highly selected patients needs validation from large clinical trials.Evidencebased protocols are missing,and therefore optimal management of hepatic metastasis should be personalized and determined by a multi-disciplinary team. | Felix Che-Lok Chow Kenneth Siu-Ho Chok | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，2： | 20 |
| 5 | Combination of 'low-dose' ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy followed by interferon alfa-2a monotherapy in chronic HCV-infected nonresponders and relapsers after interferon alfa-2a monotherapy显示文摘AIM To report on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of interferon alfa-2a combined with a 'low dose' of ribavirin for relapsers and non responders to alpha interferon monotherapy.METHODS Thirty-four chronic hepatitis C virus-infected non-responders to interferon alfa2a monotherapy (a course of at least 3 months treatment) and 13 relapsers to interferon alfa 2a monotherapy (a dose of 3 to 6 million units three times per week for at least 20 weeks but not more than 18 months) were treated with the same dose of interferon alfa-2a used before (3 to 6 million units three times per week) and ribavirin (10 mg/ kg daily) for 6 months. In complete responders, interferon alfa-2a was administered for further 6 months at the same dose used before as monotherapy.RESULTS Seven (20.6%) of 34 non-responders stopped the combined therapy due to adverse events, including two patients with histological and clinical Child A cirrhosis. In 17/27 (63%)non-responders, the combined therapy was stopped after three months because of non-response. Ten of the 27 non-responders completed the 1;2-month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 28 months (16- 37 months)after the treatment, 4/10 (15%) previous non-responders still remained complete responders,All 13 previous relapsers completed the 12-month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 22months (9 - 36 months) after treatment, 6/13(46%) the previous relapsers were stillsustained complete responders.CONCLUSION Our treatment schedule of the combined therapy for 6 months of interferon alfa2a with a low dose of ribavirin (10 mg/kg/day)followed by 6 months of interferon alfa-2amonotherapy is able to induce a sustainedcomplete response rate in 15% of non-responders and 46% of relapsers with chronic hepatitis C virus-related liver diseases comparable to those obtained with the standarddoses of ribavirin 1000 - 1200 mg/day.Randomized prospective controlled trials using lower total amounts of ribavirin in combination with interferon should be performed. | Perdita Wietzke-Braun Volker Meier Felix Braun Giuliano Ramadori | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，2： | 19 |
| 6 | 结合自然语言处理与改进层次分析法的乘用车驾驶舒适性评价显示文摘为了有效和准确地评价乘用车驾驶舒适性,构建了'人-机-环境'系统下的汽车驾驶舒适性本体模型,并对驾驶舒适性的形成机制进行了阐述。通过用户访谈实验并基于改进的'词频-逆向文件频率'(TF-IDF)方法对主题词进行提取,获得影响驾驶舒适性的主要因素并进行分类,在此基础上建立递阶层次结构;针对传统层次分析法(AHP)的不足,以三标度取代九标度以保证精确性,通过Delphi实验,构造两两比较判别矩阵后再进行处理,以计算各评价指标的权重,并对该指标体系进行一致性检验。以C级乘用车为例,验证了该评价方法的有效性。该方法为乘用车的驾驶舒适性评价提供了一种可行的技术支持。 | 卢兆麟 李升波 Schroeder Felix 周吉晨 成波 | 2016 | 清华大学学报(自然科学版)2016，56，2： | 17 |
| 7 | Adult iatrogenic ureteral injury and strictureeincidence and treatment strategies显示文摘Iatrogenic ureteral injuries and strictures are relatively common complication of pelvic surgery and radiation treatment.Left untreated they are associated with severe shortand long-term complications such as urinoma,septic state,renal failure,and loss of a renal unit.Treatment depends on timing of diagnosis,as well as extent of injury,and ranges from simple endoscopic management to complex surgical reconstruction under usage of pedicled grafts.While recent advances in ureteral tissue engineering are promising the topic is still underreported.Historically a domain of open surgery,laparoscopic and robotic-assisted approaches have proven their feasibility in small case series,and are increasingly being utilized as means of reconstructive surgery.This review aims to give an outline of incidence and treatment of ureteral injuries and strictures in light of the latest advances. | Philipp Gild Luis AKluth Malte WVetterlein Oliver Engel Felix KHChun Margit Fisch | 2018 | Asian Journal of Urology2018，5，2： | 14 |
| 8 | Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes:Pathophysiology,clinical assessment and implications显示文摘Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(CAN)is a debilitating condition that mainly occurs in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients but can manifest earlier,even before diabetes is diagnosed.CAN is a microvascular complication that results from lesions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers,which innervate the heart and blood vessels and promote alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control.The entire mechanism is still not elucidated,but several aspects of the pathophysiology of CAN have already been described,such as the production of advanced glycation end products,reactive oxygen species,nuclear factor kappa B,and pro-inflammatory cytokines.This microvascular complication is an important risk factor for silent myocardial ischemia,chronic kidney disease,myocardial dysfunction,major cardiovascular events,cardiac arrhythmias,and sudden death.It has also been suggested that,compared to other traditional cardiovascular risk factors,CAN progression may have a greater impact on cardiovascular disease development.However,CAN might be subclinical for several years,and a late diagnosis increases the mortality risk.The duration of the transition period from the subclinical to clinical stage remains unknown,but the progression of CAN is associated with a poor prognosis.Several tests can be used for CAN diagnosis,such as heart rate variability(HRV),cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests,and myocardial scintigraphy.Currently,it has already been described that CAN could be detected even during the subclinical stage through a reduction in HRV,which is a non-invasive test with a lower operating cost.Therefore,considering that diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and that diabetic neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes,the early identification and treatment of CAN could be a key point to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with this long-lasting condition. | Alice Duque Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano Andrea De Lorenzo Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Jr | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，6： | 14 |
| 9 | Assessing Agricultural Sustainable Development Based on the DPSIR Approach: Case Study in Jiangsu, China显示文摘According to the contemporary ecosystem approach, the linkages of human actions with their environment have to be assessed in an integrative manner. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model is applied to identify and describe processes and interactions in human-environmental systems. An example application from a research project dealing with the development of sustainable management strategies for the agriculture in Jiangsu, China, illustrates the potentials and limitations of its sustainable development. The concept and indicators of ecological integrity are used to assess the indicators in the dimensions of DPSIR between 2003 and 2006. The main drivers included population growth which caused increasing demand for food, growing environmental demands, and rapidly decreasing of land and other natural resources. The main environmental problem was water pollution. The results show that in the dimension of driver, total grain output and agricultural land productivity both increased. Labor intensive agriculture has been promoted to increase agricultural land productivity. In the dimension of pressure, on the positive side, infrastructure got greatly improved, the input level such as total power of machinery, and level of fertilizer use increased, and level of pesticides use decreased, but on the negative side, cultivated land per capita and irrigation rate decreased, natural resources keep decreased. Environmental pollution indicators such as industrial wastewater discharge and acid rain rate increased in Jiangsu Province. In the aspect of state, ecosystem state was improved, plant coverage index increased, biological abundance index increased, fertilizer productivity increased, eco-environmental quality index increased, but land degradation index also increased. In the aspect of impact, output level increased, output efficiency enhanced, farmer's social economic benefit improved. In the aspect of response, social support was greatly improved, input for environmental governance increased. To assess the effects of environmental governance, Jiangsu government was successful to increase compliance rate of sulfur dioxide emissions, but not so efficient in compliance rate of industrial wastewater discharge. | ZHOU Shu-dong Felix Mueller Benjamin Burkhard CAO Xing-jin HOU Ying | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2013，12，7： | 12 |
| 10 | 在华留学生的心理痛苦与文化适应压力和应对的关系显示文摘目的:调查在华留学生的心理痛苦水平,检验文化适应压力、应对及其交互作用与心理痛苦的关系。方法:选取华中某市留学生373人[在华平均时间(2. 2±1. 7)年;男生248人,女生125人],采用简明症状调查表(BSI-18)、留学生文化适应压力量表(ASSIS)和应对调查表(COPE)测量在华期间的心理痛苦、文化适应压力和应对(积极应对和消极应对)。结果:在华留学生的BSI-18得分为(0. 66±0. 72)。BSI-18得分与ASSIS得分、COPE消极应对得分正相关(r=0. 49、0. 31,均P <0. 001);多元回归分析表明,文化适应压力、消极应对、文化适应压力×消极应对均与心理痛苦正向关联(β=0. 43、0. 19、0. 26)。结论:文化适应压力和消极应对与心理痛苦相关,在高文化适应压力条件下,消极应对对心理痛苦的效应更大。 | 黄飞 FELIX Shereka Kim 郭林鑫 | 2019 | 中国心理卫生杂志2019，33，2： | 11 |
| 11 | Insulin sensitizers in treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Systematic review显示文摘AIM: To summarize the evidence available for the clinical effectiveness of insulin sensitizers in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) systematically. METHODS: Relevant articles were located using computer-assisted searches of Medline (1966-March 2006), EMBASE (1988-March 2006), CINAHL (1982-March 2003), Educational Resource Information Center (1966-March 2006), Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (1967-March 2006), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (1994-2006), dissertations in ProQuest and FirstSearch databases. Manual searches were made in the abstracts from meetings of the American Gastroenterological Association (1999-2006), and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2003-2005). Studies were retrieved using the following selection criteria: (1) clinical trials using insulin sensitizers in subjects with NAFLD, (2) adult patients, (3) published as full manuscripts or abstracts, and (4) English, Spanish, German, and French languages only. Data were abstracted independently by two reviewers following standardized procedures. A face-to- face comparison of data was conducted to ensure the completeness and reliability of the abstraction process. RESULTS: Nine studies were included, six using metformin and three using thiazolidinediones. Only two studies were placebo-controlled trials. The mediansample size for all studies was 18 subjects. In the placebo-controlled trials, metformin improved insulin resistance markers and liver function tests, but not histological scores. In the single-arm trials, metformin and thiazolidinediones improved insulin resistance markers and liver function tests, and beneficial histological changes were reported. There is limited high-quality information available from which to draw categorical conclusions about the clinical use of insulin sensitizers in NAFLD.CONCLUSION: Current information indicates that the use of insulin sensitizers in NAFLD improves insulin resistance and liver function. Histological changes must be corroborated in randomized controlled trials. | Norberto C Chavez-Tapia Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez Felix I Tellez-ávila Francisco Sánchez-ávila Maria Antonieta Montao-Reyes Misael Uribe | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，48： | 11 |
| 12 | Increased liver stiffness in alcoholic liver disease:Differentiating fibrosis from steatohepatitis显示文摘AIM:To test if inflammation also interferes with liver stiffness (LS) assessment in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and to provide a clinical algorithm for reliable fibrosis assessment in ALD by FibroScan (FS).METHODS:We first performed sequential LS analysis before and after normalization of serum transaminases in a learning cohort of 50 patients with ALD admitted for alcohol detoxification. LS decreased in almost all patients within a mean observation interval of 5.3 d. Six patients (12%) would have been misdiagnosed with F3and F4 fibrosis but LS decreased below critical cut-off values of 8 and 12.5 kPa after normalization of trans-aminases. RESULTS:Of the serum transaminases,the decrease in LS correlated best with the decrease in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). No significant chang-es in LS were observed below GOT levels of 100 U/L. After establishing the association between LS and GOT levels,we applied the rule of GOT < 100 U/L for reliable LS assessment in a second validation cohort of 101 patients with histologically confi rmed ALD. By ex-cluding those patients with GOT > 100 U/L at the time of LS assessment from this cohort,the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for cirrhosis detection by FS improved from 0.921 to 0.945 while specificity increased from 80% to 90% at a sensitivity of 96%. A similar AUROC could be obtained for lower F3 fibrosis stage if LS measurements were restricted to patients with GOT < 50 U/L. Histological grading of inflammation did not further improve the diagnostic accuracy of LS.CONCLUSION:Coexisting steatohepatitis markedly increases LS in patients with ALD independent of fibrosis stage. Postponing cirrhosis assessment by FS during alcohol withdrawal until GOT decreases to < 100 U/mL signif icantly improves the diagnostic accuracy. | Sebastian Mueller Gunda Millonig Lucie Sarovska Stefanie Friedrich Frank M Reimann Maria Pritsch Silke Eisele Felix Stickel Thomas Longerich Peter Schirmacher Helmut Karl Seitz | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，8： | 10 |
| 13 | Measurement of calprotectin in ascitic fluid to identify elevated polymorphonuclear cell count显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic capability of calprotectin in ascitic fluid for detecting a polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count > 250/μL ascites. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, a total of 130 ascites samples were analysed from 71 consecutive patients referred for paracentesis. Total and differential leukocyte cell counts were determined manually with a Neubauer chamber and gentianviolet stain. Calprotectin was measured in 1 mL ascetic fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a point-of-care (POC) lateral flow assay with the Quantum Blue Reader (Bühlmann Laboratories). All measurements were carried out in a central laboratory by senior personnel blinded to patient history. A PMN count > 250/μL was the primary endpoint of the study. The diagnostic value of ascitic calprotectin measurement was assessed by comparing to the final diagnosis of each patient that had been adjudicated by investigators blinded to calprotectin values. RESULTS: The PMN count was > 250/μL in 19 samples (14.6%) from 15 patients (21.1%) and varied widely among the study population (range 10-19 800/mL and 1-17 820/mL, respectively). Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) was the final diagnosis in four patients (5.6%). All patients with PMN ≤ 250/μL had negative bacterial culture. PMN count was elevated in five patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, three with lymphoma, one with neuroendocrine carcinoma, and two with secondary peritonitis due to abdominal perforation. PMN cell counts correlated with ascitic calprotectin values (Spearman's rho; r = 0.457 for ELISA, r = 0.473 for POC). A considerable range of ascitic calprotectin concentrations was detected by ELISA [median 0.43 μg/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 0.23-1.23 (range 0.10-14.93)] and POC [median 0.38 μg/mL, IQR 0.38-0.56 (range 0.38-13.31)]. Ascitic calprotectin levels were higher in samples with PMN > 250/μL, by both ELISA [median (IQR) 2.48 μg/mL (1.61-3.65) vs 0.10 μg/mL (0.10-0.36), P < 0.001] and POC [2.78 μg/mL (2.05-5.37) vs 0.38 μg/mL (0.38-0.41), P < 0.001]. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for identifying an elevated PMN count was 0.977 (95%CI: 0.933 to 0.995) for ELISA and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.942 to 0.997) for POC (P = 0.246 vs ELISA). Using the optimal cut-off value for ELISA (0.63 μg/mL), ascitic calprotectin had 94.8% sensitivity, 89.2% specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios of 8.76 and 0.06 respectively, positive and negative predictive values of 60.0% and 99.0% respectively, and 90.0% overall accuracy. Using the optimal cut-off value for POC (0.51 μg/mL), the respective values were 100.0%, 84.7%, 6.53, 0.00, 52.8%, 100% and 87.7%. Correlation between ELISA and POC was excellent (r = 0.873, P < 0.001). The mean ± SD of the difference was -0.11 ± 0.48 μg/mL with limits of agreement of + 0.8 μg/mL (95%CI: 0.69 to 0.98) and -1.1 μg/mL (95%CI: -1.19 to -0.91). CONCLUSION: Ascitic calprotectin reliably predicts PMN count > 250/μL, which may prove useful in the diagnosis of SBP, especially with a readily available bedside testing device. | Emanuel Burri Felix Schulte Jürgen Muser Rémy Meier Christoph Beglinger | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，13： | 10 |
| 14 | 新鲜颞骨模型建立在中耳传声机制研究中的作用显示文摘目的探讨中耳传声机制研究中的中耳模型建立,为深入研究中耳传声机制,指导耳外科手术,尤其在听骨链重建方面建立一个接近活体情况的研究模型。方法采用17例新鲜尸体颞骨标本,利用激光多普勒振动仪,在声刺激和不同强度的机械刺激下,研究了鼓膜和镫骨底板的运动。结果鼓膜和镫骨底板的运动与活体测量的数据接近。结论新鲜颞骨标本可以用于不同方面中耳传声机制的研究。在鼓膜脐部的电机械刺激可以模仿声刺激。 | 马芙蓉 Thomas Linder Alex Huber Heidi Felix Anita Pollak | 2005 | 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2005，12，6： | 9 |
| 15 | 若尔盖高寒湿地高原林蛙繁殖后期运动、家域和微生境选择显示文摘我们于2006年7月对分布于青藏高原东部若尔盖高寒湿地的7只高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)进行了追踪研究。Monte-Carlo模拟表明:在研究期内高原林蛙的运动是随机的,还没有开始迁移。高原林蛙的平均运动距离为7.1m,雌雄运动距离没有差异。95%和50%Kernel家域分别为796.2m2±704.0m2和119.9m2±94.6m2,MCP家域为157.9m2±119.5m2。雌雄高原林蛙生境选择存在差异,雄性倾向于在洞穴较多的生境中运动和隐蔽,而雌性倾向于在草丛中运动和藏匿;早晨高原林蛙选择地面温度较高、相对湿度较大的微生境活动,雌雄活动点的空气温度、相对湿度和植被高度没有显著差异。追踪个体的微生境利用表明:高原林蛙和哺乳类洞穴具有很强的相关性。 | 齐银 Zachary FELIX 戴强 王勇 杨勇 王波 王跃招 | 2007 | 动物学报2007，53，6： | 9 |
| 16 | 天山乌鲁木齐河源高山区的降水特征显示文摘乌鲁木齐河源降水量的年相对变率为10%,夏季降水日数和时数均为各季之首,微量降水经常发生,降水量日变化为昼雨单峰型。实际观测表明,河源地区夏季系统天气降水量随海拔的上升而增加,直到冰川粒雪盆4030 m处。平均而言,从60年代至今,河源地区年降水量无明显增大或减小,然而其年际间的变化幅度及极差明显增大。 | 杨大庆 康尔泗 Felix Blumer | 1992 | 冰川冻土1992，14，3： | 9 |
| 17 | Treatment of early gastric cancer in the Western World显示文摘The incidence rate of gastric cancer is much higher in Asia than in the Western industrial nations.According to the different screening programs in Japan and Korea about fifty percent of treated patients had an early tumor stage.In contrast,European and American patients with gastric cancer had an advanced tumor stage.Therefore,the experience for the various therapeutic options for gastric cancer may be different between these regions.In this review we tried to point out the treatment modalities in Western industrial countries for early gastric cancer. | Elfriede Bollschweiler Felix Berlth Christoph Baltin Stefan Mnig Arnulf H Hlscher | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，19： | 8 |
| 18 | Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors(TLR)2 and 4.The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection.It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage,reduce excessive microglial activation,and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation.Despite intensive research,the further exact mechanism remains unclear.In this study,human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours(to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage),followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon(75%).In a separate in vivo experiment,retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour.Upon reperfusion,argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours.Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor kappa B,activator protein 1,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage.Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand.Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors;therefore,their effects could be eliminated,at least in part,by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine(OxPAPC).Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL-1α),IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factorα,and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation.Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties;therefore,therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg(approval No.35-9185.81/G14-122)on October 19,2012. | Ulrich Goebel Stefanie Scheid Sashko Spassov Nils Schallner Jakob Wollborn Hartmut Buerkle Felix Ulbrich | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，1： | 8 |
| 19 | 金属镍高温氧化机理及稀土元素效应研究显示文摘对纯镍及其表面离子注钇试样在1000℃空气中的恒温氧化和循环氧化行为进行了研究。用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对氧化膜的表面形貌及结构进行了观测。此外,用声发射(AE)技术研究了氧化膜/基体界面上缺陷的分布情况,并用激光拉曼(Raman)谱对注钇引起的膜内应力变化进行了测量。结果表明:离子注钇降低了NiO氧化膜的生长速率,提高了镍的抗氧化性能;离子注钇减小了表面NiO的晶粒尺寸,降低了膜内压应力水平;离子注钇还减小了氧化膜/基体界面缺陷的平均尺寸和数目,因而极大地提高了镍表面NiO氧化膜的粘附性和保护性。 | 靳惠明 陈荣发 张剑峰 FELIX A Conrado | 2004 | 机械工程材料2004，28，5： | 8 |
| 20 | Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the pitting corrosion of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel显示文摘In this study,the pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel(BASE)and that modified with rare earth(REM)in 0.1 mol/L Na Cl solution were characterized.Techniques such as automatic secondary electron microscope(ASPEX PSEM detector),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning Kelvin probe force microscope(SKP),potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations were employed.The results obtained indicate that BASE steel contains Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S,Al_(2)O_(3) and Mn S inclusions,while REM steels contain(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O and(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O-S inclusions.Compared with BASE steel,REM steel is more susceptible to induce the metastable pitting nucleation and repassivation,whereas it restrains the transition from metastable pitting to stable pitting.Adding 0.021%rare earth element to BASE steel can reduce the number and area of inclusions,while that of 0.058%can increase the number and enlarged the size of inclusions,which is also the reason that pitting corrosion resistance of 58 REM steel is slightly lower than that of 21 REM steel.In the process of pitting corrosion induced by Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S inclusions,Mn S is preferentially anodic dissolved,and also the matrix contacted with Al_(2)O_(3) is subsequently anodic dissolved.For REM steels,anodic dissolution preferentially occurs at the boundary between inclusions and matrix,while(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions chemically dissolve in local acidic environment or are separated from steel matrix.The chemically dissolved substance(La^(3+) and Ce^(3+))of(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions are concentrated in pitting pits,which inhibits its continuous growth. | Changgang Wang Rongyao Ma Yangtao Zhou Yang Liu Enobong Felix Daniel Xiaofang Li Pei Wang Junhua Dong Wei Ke | 2021 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021，，34： | 8 |
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