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| 1 | Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, N content, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and smooth bromegrass grown alone or in mixture in greenhouse pots显示文摘Planting grass and legume mixtures on improved grasslands has the potential advantage of realizing both higher yields and lower environmental pollution by optimizing the balance between applied N fertilizer and the natural process of legume biological nitrogen fixation. However, the optimal level of N fertilization for grass-legume mixtures, to obtain the highest yield, quality, and contribution of N2 fixation, varies with species. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the temporal dynamics of N2 fixation of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) grown alone and in mixture with smooth bromegrass(Bromus inermis Leyss.) in response to the addition of fertilizer N. Three levels of N(0, 75, and 150 kg ha–1) were examined using 15N-labeled urea to evaluate N2 fixation via the 15 N isotope dilution method. Treatments were designated N0(0.001 g per pot), N75(1.07 g per pot) and N150(2.14 g per pot). Alfalfa grown alone did not benefit from the addition of fertilizer N; dry matter was not significantly increased. In contrast, dry weight and N content of smooth bromegrass grown alone was increased significantly by N application. When grown as a mixture, smooth bromegrass biomass was increased significantly by N application, resulted in a decrease in alfalfa biomass. In addition, individual alfalfa plant dry weight(shoots+roots) was significantly lower in the mixture than when grown alone at all N levels. Smooth bromegrass shoot and root dry weight were significantly higher when grown with alfalfa than when grown alone, regardless of N application level. When grown alone, alfalfa's N2 fixation was reduced with N fertilization(R2=0.9376, P=0.0057). When grown in a mixture with smooth bromegrass, with 75 kg ha–1 of N fertilizer, the percentage of atmospheric N2 fixation contribution to total N in alfalfa(%Ndfa) had a maximum of 84.07 and 83.05% in the 2nd and 3rd harvests, respectively. Total 3-harvest %Ndfa was higher when alfalfa was grown in a mixture than when grown alone(shoots: |t|=3.39, P=0.0096; root: |t|=3.57, P=0.0073). We believe this was due to smooth bromegrass being better able to absorb available soil N(due to its fibrous root system), resulting inlower soil N availability and allowing alfalfa to develop an effective N2 fixing symbiosis prior to the 1st harvest. Once soil N levels were depleted, alfalfa was able to fix N2, resulting in the majority of its tissue N being derived from biological nitrogen fixation(BNF) in the 2nd and 3rd harvests. When grown in a mixture, with added N, alfalfa established an effective symbiosis earlier than when grown alone; in monoculture BNF did not contribute a significant portion of plant N in the N75 and N150 treatments, whereas in the mixture, BNF contributed 17.90 and 16.28% for these treatments respectively. Alfalfa has a higher BNF efficiency when grown in a mixture, initiating BNF earlier, and having higher N2 fixation due to less inhibition by soil-available N. For the greatest N-use-efficiency and sustainable production, grass-legume mixtures are recommended for improving grasslands, using a moderate amount of N fertilizer(75 kg N ha–1) to provide optimum benefits. | XIE Kai-yun LI Xiang-lin HE Feng ZHANG Ying-jun WAN Li-qiang David B Hannaway WANG Dong QIN Yan Gamal M A Fadul | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Immune response inpatients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated withintranodal autologous tumor lysate-dendritic cell vaccination afterradiation chemotherapy显示文摘 | Fadul CE Fisher JL Hampton TH | 2011 | J Immunother2011，34，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Immune response in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated with intranodal autologous tumor lysate-dendritic cell vaccination after radiation chemotherapy显示文摘 | Fadul CE Fisher JL Hampton TH etal | 2011 | J Immunother2011，34，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Facial nerve in rhytidoplasty:anatomic study of its trajectory in the overlying skin and the most common sites of injury显示文摘 | FADUL R Jr Da ROCHA M A | 2003 | Ann Plast Surg2003，51，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Agranulocytosis associated with lamotrigine in a patient with low-grade glioma显示文摘 | Fadul CE Meyer LP Jobst BC | 2002 | Epilepsia2002，43，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Recurrent meningioma:salvage therapy with long-acting somatostatin analogue显示文摘 | Chamberlain MC Glantz MJ Fadul CE | 2007 | Neurology2007，69，： | 1 |
| 7 | A phase Ⅱ studyof thalidomide and irinotecan for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme显示文摘 | Fadul CE Kingman LS Meyer LP | 2008 | J Neurooncol2008，90，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Pituitary carcinomas respond to temozolomide 显示文摘 | Fadul CE Kominsky AL Meyer LP | 2004 | Neuro Oncol2004，6，4： | 1 |
| 9 | l,ow cost cont roller for muhiaxes stepper motors 显示文摘 | Fadul Faisal Arnold Louis | 1992 | Industrial Metrology1992，2，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Pituitary carcinomas re- spond to temozolomide 显示文摘 | Fadul CE Kominsky AL Meyer LP | 2004 | Neuro Oneol2004，6，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Focal paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis presenting as orgasmic epilepsy显示文摘 | Fadul CE Stommel EW Dragnev KH | 2005 | J Neuroon?col2005，72，： | 1 |
| 12 | Reduction of plasma fibrinogen,immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations by immunoadsorption therapy with tryptophan and phenylalanine adsorbents显示文摘 | Fadul J E M Danielson B G Wikstrom B | 1996 | Artif Organs1996，20，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Immune modulation effects of concomitant temozolomide and radiation therapy on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with glioblastoma multiforme显示文摘 | Fadul CE Fisher JL Gui J | 2011 | Neuro Oncol2011，13，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Pituitary carcinomasrespond to temozolomide显示文摘 | Fadul CE Kominsky AL Meyer LP | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 15 | Immune Response inPatients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme TreatedWith Intranodal Autologous Tumor Lysate-dendritic CellVaccination After Radiation Chemotherapy 显示文摘 | Fadul CE Fisher JL Hampton TH | 2011 | J Immunother2011，34，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Immune response in pa-tients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated with in-tranodal autologous tumor lysate-dendritic cell vaccination after ra-diation chemotherapy显示文摘 | Fadul CE Fisher JL Hampton TH | 2011 | J Immunother2011，34，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Efficacy of thalidomide for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:A phase Ⅱ open label clinical trial显示文摘 | Stommel EW Cohen JA Fadul CE | 2009 | Amyotroph Lateral Sclera2009，28，： | 1 |
| 18 | Low-cost controller for multi-axes stepper motors显示文摘 | Fadul Faisal Arnold Louis | 1992 | Industrial Metrology1992，2，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Recurrent meningioma:salvage therapy with long-actingsomatostatin analogue显示文摘 | Chamberlain M C Glantz M J Fadul C E | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Recurrent meningioma: salvage therapy with long-acting somaiostatin analogue 显示文摘 | Chamberlain MC Glantz MJ Fadul CE | 2007 | Neurology2007，69，： | 1 |
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