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| 1 | Evaluating the accuracy of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis with choledocholithiasis显示文摘BACKGROUND Acute gallstone pancreatitis(AGP) is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis(AP) in the United States. Patients with AGP may also present with choledocholithiasis. In 2010, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE) suggested a management algorithm based on probability for choledocholithiasis, recommending additional imaging for patients at intermediate risk and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for patients at high risk of choledocholithiasis. In 2019, the ASGE guidelines were updated using more specific criteria to categorize individuals at high risk for choledocholithiasis. Neither ASGE guideline has been studied in AGP to determine the probability of having choledocholithiasis.AIM To determine compliance with ASGE guidelines, assess outcomes, and compare 2019 vs 2010 ASGE criteria for suspected choledocholithiasis in AGP.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 882 patients admitted with AP to a single tertiary care center from 2008-2018. AP was diagnosed using revised Atlanta criteria and AGP was defined as the presence of gallstones on imaging or with cholestatic pattern of liver injury in the absence of another cause. Patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancy were excluded as were those who went directly to cholecystectomy prior to assessment for choledocholithiasis. Patients were assigned low, intermediate or high risk based on ASGE guidelines. Our primary outcomes of interest were the proportion of patients in the intermediate risk group undergoing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) first and the proportion of patients in the high risk group undergoing ERCP directly without preceding imaging. Secondary outcomes of interest included outcome differences based on if guidelines were not adhered to. We then evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of 2019 in comparison to the 2010 ASGE criteria for patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. We performed the t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test, as appropriate, to analyze if there were outcome differences based on if guidelines were not adhered to. Kappa coefficients were calculated to measure the degree of agreement between pairs of variables.RESULTS In this cohort, we identified 235 patients with AGP of which 79 patients were excluded as they went directly to surgery for cholecystectomy without prior MRCP or ERCP. Of the remaining 156 patients, 79 patients were categorized as intermediate risk and 77 patients were high risk for choledocholithiasis according to the 2010 ASGE guidelines. Among 79 intermediate risk patients, 54(68%) underwent MRCP first whereas 25 patients(32%) went directly to ERCP. For the 54 patients with intermediate risk who had MRCP first, 36 patients had no choledocholithiasis while 18 patients had evidence of choledocholithiasis prompting ERCP. Of these patients, ERCP confirmed stone disease in 11 patients. Of the 25 intermediate risk patients who directly underwent ERCP, 18 patients had stone disease. One patient with a normal ERCP developed post ERCP pancreatitis. Patients undergoing MRCP in this group had a significantly longer length of stay(5.0 vs 4.0 d, P = 0.02). In the high risk group, 64 patients(83%) had ERCP without preceding imaging, of which, 53 patients had findings consistent with choledocholithiasis, of which 13 patients(17%) underwent MRCP before ERCP, all of which showed evidence of stone disease. Furthermore, all of these patients ultimately had an ERCP, of which 8 patients had evidence of stones and 5 had normal examination.RESULTS Our cohort also demonstrated that 58% of all 156 patients with AGP had confirmed choledocholithiasis(79% of the high risk group and 37% of the intermediate group when risk was assigned based on the 2010 ASGE guidelines). When the updated 2019 ASGE guidelines were applied instead of the original 2010 guidelines, there was moderate agreement between the 2010 and 2019 guidelines(kappa = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.34-0.58). Forty-two of 77 patients were still deemed to be high risk and 35 patients were downgraded to intermediate risk. Thirty-five patients who were originally assigned high risk were reclassified as intermediate risk. For these 35 patients, 26 patients had ERCP findings consistent with choledocholithiasis and 9 patients had a normal examination. Based on the 2019 criteria, 9/35 patients who were downgraded to intermediate risk had an unnecessary ERCP with normal findings(without a preceding MRCP).CONCLUSION Two-thirds in intermediate risk and 83% in high risk group followed ASGE guidelines for choledocholithiasis. One intermediate-group patient with normal ERCP had post-ERCP AP, highlighting the risk of unnecessary procedures. | Supisara Tintara Ishani Shah William Yakah Awais Ahmed Cristina S Sorrento Cinthana Kandasamy Steven D Freedman Darshan J Kothari Sunil G Sheth | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，16： | 3 |
| 2 | Recent developments in inductively coupled plasma magnetic sector multiple collector mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Halliday A N Lee D C Christensen J N Walder A J Freedman P A Jones C E Hall C M Yi W Teagle D | 1995 | Int J Mass Spec Ion Proc1995，，： | 1 |
| 3 | Cellular immune mechanisms in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura:An update显示文摘 | Coopamah M D Garvey M B Freedman J | 2003 | Transfus Med Rev2003，17，： | 1 |
| 4 | RA: Genotyping TAP2 variants in North American Caucasians, Brazilians and Africans显示文摘 | Tang J Freedman D O Allen S | 2001 | Genes Immunol2001，2，： | 1 |
| 5 | Development of Microsimulation Activity- based Model for San Francisco: Destination and Mode Choice Models显示文摘 | Jonnalagadda N Freedman J DavidsonW A Hunt J D | 2001 | Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board2001，1777，： | 1 |
| 6 | Cortical activation during menopausal hot flashes显示文摘 | Freedman R R Benton M D Genik R J 2nd Graydon F X | 2006 | Fertil Steril2006，85，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Chlorogenic acid:Further evidence for its antigenic and allergenic activity 显示文摘 | Bariana D S Krupey J Freedman S O | 1965 | Nature1965，207，： | 1 |
| 8 | Tantalum oxide nanoparticles for the imaging of articular cartilage using X-Ray computedtomography : visualization of ex vivo/in vivo murine tibia and ex vivo human index finger cartilage显示文摘 | FREEDMAN J D LUSIC H SNYDER B D | 2014 | Angew Chem Int Ed2014，53，84： | 1 |
| 9 | Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the neonatal and adult primate forebrain显示文摘 | Pencea V Bingaman K D Freedman L J | 2001 | Exp Neurol2001，172，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Some asymptotic theory for the Bootstrap显示文摘 | Bikel P J Freedman D A | 1981 | The Annuals of Statistics1981，9，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Design aspects of calibration studies in nutrition,with analysis of missing data in linear measurement error models显示文摘 | Carroll R J Freedman L Pee D | 1999 | Biometrics1999，53，： | 1 |
| 12 | Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion:clinical and radiographic results and complications in 100 consecutive patients显示文摘 | Potter B K Freedman B A Verwiebe E G Hall J M Polly D W Jr Kuklo T R | 2005 | J Spinal Disord Tech2005，18，： | 1 |
| 13 | Functions of the MDM2 oncoprotein显示文摘 | Freedman D A Wu L Levine A J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Some Asymptotic Theory for the Bootstrap 显示文摘 | Bickel P J Freedman D A | 1981 | Annals of Statistics1981，，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the neonatal and adult primate forebrain显示文摘 | Pencea V Bingaman K D Freedman L J | 2001 | Exp Neurol2001，172，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Some asymptotic theory for the bootstrap显示文摘 | Bickel P J Freedman D A | 1981 | Annals of Statistics1981，，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Risk factors for transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia 显示文摘 | Freedman J Li D Drasner K | 1998 | Anesthesiology1998，89，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Representation of the quantity of visual items in the primate prefrontal cortex 显示文摘 | Nieder A Freedman D J Miller EK | 2002 | Sci- ence2002，297，5587： | 1 |
| 19 | Biological reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene to ethylene under methano- genic conditions显示文摘 | Freedman D L Gossett J M | 1989 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology1989，55，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Patients with early stage invasive cancer with close or positive margins treated with conservative surgery and radiation have an increased risk of breast recurrence that is delayed by adjuvant systemic therapy显示文摘 | Freedman G Fowble B Hanlon A Nicolaou N Fein D Hoffman J | 1999 | Int J Radiat Oneol Biol Phys1999，44，： | 1 |
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