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| 1 | Flow cytometric detection of hepatitis C virus antigens in infected peripheral blood leukocytes: Binding and entry显示文摘AIM: We designed two synthetic-core-specific peptides core 1 (C1) and core 2 (C2), and an E1-specific peptide (E1). We produced specific polyclonal antibodies againstthese peptides and used the antibodies for detection of HCV antigens on surface and within infected peripheral blood leukocytes.METHODS: Peripheral blood from a healthy individual who tested negative for HCV RNA was incubated with HCV type 4 infected serum for 1 h and 24 h at 37 ℃. Cells were stained by direct and indirect immunofluorescence and measured by flow cytometry.RESULTS: After 1 h of incubation, antibodies against C1,C2, and E1 detected HCV antigens on the surface of 27%,26% and 73% of monocytes respectively, while 10%, 5% and 9% of lymphocytes were positive with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti-E1 respectively. Only 1-3% of granulocytes showed positive staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti E1 antibodies. After 24 h of incubation, we found no surface staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 or anti-E1. Direct immunostaining using anti-C2 could not detect intracellular HCV antigens, after 1 h of incubation with the virus, while after 24 h of incubation, 28% of infected cells showed positive staining. Only plus strand RNA was detectable intracellularly as early as 1 h after incubation, and remained detectable throughout 48 h post-infection.Interestingly, minus RNA strand could not be detected after 1 h, but became strongly detectable intracellularly after 24 h post-infection.CONCLUSION: Monocytes and lymphocytes are the preferred target cells for HCV infection in peripheral blood leukocytes. Our specific anti-core and anti-E1 antibodies are valuable reagents for demonstration of HCV cell cycle.Also, HCV is capable of infecting and replicating in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as confirmed by detection of minus strand HCV RNA as well as intracellular staining of core HCV antigen. | Mostafa K El-Awady Ashraf A Tabll El-Rashdy M Redwan Samar Youssef Moataza H Omran Fouad Thakeb Maha El-Demellawy | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，33： | 4 |
| 2 | Surface to bulk characterization of phosphate modified aluminas显示文摘 | Mekhemer G A H Nohman A K H Fouad N E | 2000 | Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects2000，161，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Functional testing in animal models of spinal cord injury:not as straight forward as one would think显示文摘 | Fouad K Hurd C Magnuson D S | 2013 | Front Integr Neurosci2013，7，： | 1 |
| 4 | Fluid prediction from 3 D seismic data in deep-water sandstone reservoirs, Veracruz Basin, southeastern Me'xico显示文摘 | Fouad K Jennette D C Soto-Cuervo A | 2002 | Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions2002，52，： | 1 |
| 5 | WSEAS: a bidirectional bluetooth authentication scheme based on game-theoretic framework, al- fred menezes显示文摘 | EL N SYRINE K FOUAD K | 2006 | WSEAS Transactions on Communications2006，15，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Functional switch between motor tracts in the presence of the mAb IN-1 in the adult rat显示文摘 | Raineteau O Fouad K Noth P | 2001 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2001，98，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Prognostic significance of per- itumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in invasive squamous cell cervical cancer 显示文摘 | Botting SK Fouad H Elwell K | 2010 | Transl Oncol2010，3，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Calculation of generation-shedding requirements of the B C hydro system using transient energy functions 显示文摘 | FOUAD A A GHAFURIAN A NODEHI K | 1986 | IEEE Trans on Power Systems1986，1，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Transient stability program output analysis显示文摘 | FOUAD A A KRUEMPEL K C VITTAL V | 1986 | IEEE Transactions on Power Systems1986，1，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Play element characterization of the Miocene and Pliocene, Vera cruz Basin, southeastern Me'xico显示文摘 | Jennette D C Wawrzyniec T F Fouad J K | 2002 | Gulf Coast Associa tion of Geological Societies Transactions2002，52，： | 1 |
| 11 | Combining Schwann cell bridges and olfactory-ensheathing glia grafts with chondroitinase promotes locomotor recovery after complete transection of the spinal cord显示文摘 | FOUAD K SCHNELL L BUNGE M B | 2005 | J Neurosci2005，25，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Prognostic signifi- cance of peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascu- lar endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in invasive squa- mous cell cervical cancer显示文摘 | Botting SK Fouad H Elwell K | 2010 | Transl Oncol2010，3，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Cirrhotic cardio- myopathy显示文摘 | BAIK S K FOUAD T R LEE S S | 2007 | Orphanet J Rare Dis2007，27，： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of enamel matrix derivative on gene expression of primary osteoblasts 显示文摘 | Jiang J Fouad A F Safari K E | 2001 | Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol E ndod2001，91，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Earnings opacity internationally and elements of social, economic and accounting order 显示文摘 | Ahmed Riahi Belkaoui Fouad K Alnajjar | 2006 | Review of Accounting and Finance2006，6，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Regenerating corticospinal fibers in the Marmoset (Callitrix jacchus) after spinal cord lesion and treatment with the anti-Nogo-A antibody IN-1显示文摘 | Fouad K Klusman I Schwab ME | 2004 | Eur J Neurosci2004，20，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Nonlinear measures of mode-machine participation 显示文摘 | STARRETT S K FOUAD A A | 1998 | IEEE Transactions on Power Systems1998，13，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Spasticity in rats with sacral spinal cord injury显示文摘 | Bennett D J Gorassini M Fouad K | 1999 | J Neurotrauma1999，16，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Functional switch between motor tracts in the presence of the mAb IN-1 in the adult rat显示文摘 | RAINETEAU O FOUAD K NOTH P | 2001 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2001，98，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Loss and delay measurements of internet backbones显示文摘 | ATHINA M FOUAD T MANSOUR K | 2006 | Computer Communications2006，29，10： | 1 |
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