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| 1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma: current management and recent advances显示文摘BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide. It is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Without specific treatment, the prognosis is very poor. The goal of management is 'cancer control' - a reduction in its incidence and mortality as well as an improvement in the quality of life of patients with HCC and their families. This article aims to review the current management of HCC and its recent advances. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE database search was performed to identify relevant article using the keyworks 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatectomy', 'liver transplantation', and 'local ablative therapy'. Additional papers and book chapters were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Liver resection and liver transplantation remain the options that give the best chance of a cure. Recent evidence suggests that local ablative therapy may offer comparable survival results in patients with small HCC, and preserved liver function. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most promising palliative modality for unresectable HCC, but other techniques, such as transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and local ablative therapy, have also shown comparable results. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of HCC remains a key goal in improving the prognosis of patients. During the last two decades, operative mortality and surgical outcome of liver resection and liver transplantation for HCC have improved. Progress also has been made in multi-modality therapy which can increase the chance of survival and improve the quality of life for patients with advanced HCC. | Wan-Yee Lau Eric C. H. Lai | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，3： | 100 |
| 2 | 社会网络分析法在论文合作网中的应用研究显示文摘社会网络分析在情报学中的应用有多个层次:通过对研究者合作发文的网络分析,发现研究人员合作的紧密程度;通过对团队合作的时序对比,发现团队的稳定性及变化;通过共词分析,发现隐藏在真实关系网背后隐藏的关系网络;通过引文网络追踪知识积累与发现的过程、评价学术成果、评价作者学术水平。依据该方法,本文对中国情报学进行了分析,从中发现了一些传统研究方法难以发现的现象和规律。 | 刘蓓 袁毅 BOUTIN Eric | 2008 | 情报学报2008，27，3： | 94 |
| 3 | Peer-Instruction—哈佛大学物理课程教学新方法显示文摘Peer—Instruction教学方法是哈佛大学著名教授Eric Mazur创立,使用专门设计的用于揭示学生错误概念和引导学生深入探究的概念测试题(Concep Tests),借助计算机投票系统(Computerized Voting System),组织大班课堂教学,变传统单一的讲授为基于问题的自主学习和协作探究,有效地改变了传统课堂教学手段、教学模式。在大班课堂教学中实现学生自主学习、合作学习、师生互动、生生互动。本文旨在介绍这种教学方法,阐明其教育意义和促进学生学习方面的作用,综述了PI教学方法的广泛应用和相关研究结果。 | 张萍 Eric Mazur | 2010 | 中国大学教学2010，，8： | 132 |
| 4 | 社会情感财富抑制了中国家族企业的创新投入吗?显示文摘流行的观点认为保存社会情感财富抑制了家族企业的创新投入。本文将短视损失厌恶的行为逻辑与社会情感财富分类结合起来,提出仅约束型社会情感财富会抑制家族企业的创新投入,延伸型社会情感财富则会促进家族企业的创新投入,在中国两类社会情感财富的作用还受到转型期制度情境的影响。基于第九次私营企业抽样调查480家制造企业数据进行的实证研究结果显示:家族控制愿望对企业研发强度存在显著负效应,而家族传承意愿则会提升企业的研发强度;市场化程度会弱化家族控制愿望的负效应,而企业家的政治联系则会弱化家族传承意愿的正效应。上述结果提示不同社会情感财富存在不同影响,同时表明正式制度可以弱化约束型社会情感财富的短期导向,而政治联系则会弱化延伸型社会情感财富的长期导向。这意味着引导家族企业加大创新投入一方面要引导家族加强长期承诺,另一方面要依靠正式制度的完善,不能过多依赖非正式制度的私人化扶助。 | 朱沆 Eric Kushins 周影辉 | 2016 | 管理世界2016，32，3： | 182 |
| 5 | 急性缺血性卒中静脉阿替普酶溶栓治疗的纳入和排除标准的科学依据美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的声明(续前)显示文摘19 颅内出血史
根据最初的 FDA 标签和2013年AHA/ASA指南,颅内出血史是静脉阿替普酶治疗缺血性卒中的一项额外禁忌证或排除标准。最近修订后的标签仅将近期 ICH 列为一项警告,并且在禁忌证中删除了ICH史。与前面讨论的静脉阿替普酶治疗排除标准相似,文献回顾仅在大样本回顾性研究中发现了少量这类病例。缺乏相关数据可能是修订后的FDA 标签不再将 ICH 史作为禁忌证而仅将近期ICH 列为一项警告的原因。在这种情况下,FDA 如何定义“近期”一词尚不清楚。有趣的是,对在静脉阿替普酶治疗前通过 MRI 检测脑微出血( cerebral microbleed, CMBs)存在情况进行的研究可为这个卒中亚组患者提供更多的见解。从病理生理学角度,这种微出血的原因尚不清楚,可能反映再灌注损伤或脑血管自动调节功能破坏。因此,在静脉阿替普酶治疗后出现这些损害可能没有意义或是人为信号。 | Dawn O. Kleindorfer Opeolu M. Adeoye Andrew M. Demchuk Jennifer E. Fugate James C. Grotta Alexander A. Khalessi Elad I. Levy Yuko Y. Palesch Shyam Prabhakaran Gustavo Saposnik Jeffrey L. Saver Eric E. Smith 高圆圆 顾雨铖 徐欣 徐曼曼 张佳慧 李韶雅 冒萧萧 陈歆 徐运 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016，24，5： | 98 |
| 6 | Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in China:A Nationwide Multi-center Population-based Study Among Children Aged 6 to 12 Years显示文摘This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children. | Hao Zhou Xiu Xu Weili Yan Xiaobing Zou Lijie Wu Xuerong Luo Tingyu Li Yi Huang Hongyan Guan Xiang Chen Meng Mao Kun Xia Lan Zhang Erzhen Li Xiaoling Ge Lili Zhang Chunpei Li Xudong Zhang Yuanfeng Zhou Ding Ding Andy Shih Eric Fombonne Yi Zheng Jisheng Han Zhongsheng Sun Yong-hui Jiang Yi Wang LATENT-NHC Study Team | 2020 | Neuroscience Bulletin2020，36，9： | 158 |
| 7 | 农田土壤有机碳含量对作物产量影响的模拟研究显示文摘【目的】探求土壤有机碳含量对作物产量的影响,以期为保障国家粮食安全和耕地持续利用与管理提供决策依据。【方法】利用农田生态系统生物地球化学模型DNDC,针对中国东北、华北、西北、中南、华东和西南6个典型农业区域,每个区域选择各自典型的种植模式和现行的农田管理措施,在各自特定的土壤和气候条件下,输入并运行模型,模拟考察在其它投入条件不变的情况下,改变土壤有机碳本底值对作物产量的影响。【结果】当土壤有机碳含量(SOC)增加1g C.kg-1,东北地区玉米产量可增加176kg·hm-2;华北地区夏玉米与冬小麦轮作,产量可增加约454kg·hm-2;西北地区春玉米产量约可增加328kg·hm-2;中南地区单季水稻产量可增加约185kg·hm-2;华东地区双季稻产量可增加约266kg·hm-2;西南地区水稻与冬小麦轮作产量可增加约229kg·hm-2。【结论】在其它投入既定的条件下,全国各地区均存在通过提高耕地土壤有机碳含量来增加作物产量的潜力。保持较高水平的土壤有机碳含量对节本增效具有十分明显的作用。 | 邱建军 王立刚 李虎 唐华俊 Changsheng Li Eric Van Ranst | 2009 | 中国农业科学2009，42，1： | 68 |
| 8 | Current and future treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) represents a unique challenge for physicians and patients.There is no definitively curative treatment.Rather,many treatment and management modalities exist with differing advantages and disadvantages.Both current guidelines and individual patient concerns must be taken into account in order to properly manage HCC.In addition,quality of life issues are particularly complex in patients with HCC and these concerns must also be factored into treatment strategies.Thus,considering all the options and their various pros and cons can quickly become complex for both clinicians and patients.In this review,we systematically discuss the current treatment modalities available for HCC,detailing relevant clinical data,risks and rewards and overall outcomes for each approach.Surgical options discussed include resection,transplantation and ablation.We also discuss the radiation modalities:conformal radiotherapy,yttrium 90 microspheres and proton and heavy ion radiotherapy.The biologic agent Sorafenib is discussed as a promising new approach,and recent clinical trials are reviewed.We then detail currently described molecular pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC,and we explore the potential of each pathway as an avenue for drug exploitation.We hope this comprehensive and forward-looking review enables both clinicians and patients to understand various options and thereby make more informed decisions regarding this disease. | Alexander Schlachterman Willie W Craft Jr Eric Hilgenfeldt Avir Mitra Roniel Cabrera | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，28： | 76 |
| 9 | Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis. | Brandon J Perumpail Muhammad Ali Khan Eric R Yoo George Cholankeril Donghee Kim Aijaz Ahmed | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，47： | 70 |
| 10 | 氯吡格雷的使用与药物洗脱支架植入后远期临床结果显示文摘背景:近来的冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架研究提示,现行的抗血小板治疗方案可能并不足以预防后期支架内血栓形成。目的:于接受药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stents,DESs)和裸金属支架(bare-metal stents,BMSs)治疗的冠状动脉病患者中评估氯吡格雷使用与患者远期结果的关系。设计、地点及患者:于连续患者中进行观察性研究。患者于2000年1月1日至2005年7月31日在杜克心脏治疗中心(一家位于北卡罗来纳州达累姆市的三级治疗中心)接受冠状动脉内支架治疗。于6、12、24个月时进行随访,直至2006年9月7日。研究人群包括4666例最初接受BMS(n=3165)或DES(n=1501)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者。对随访6和12个月没有事件(没有死亡、心肌梗死或血管重建手术)的患者进行界标分析(landmark analysis)。在这些时间点上根据支架类型以及自我报告之氯吡格雷的使用情况将患者分为4组:DES使用氯吡格雷组、DES不用氯吡格雷组、BMS使用氯吡格雷组以及BMS不用氯吡格雷组。主要观测指标:随访24个月时死亡、非致命性心肌梗死以及死亡或心肌梗死之复合终点。结果:在6个月时没有事件发生的DES组患者(637例使用、579例未使用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用是随访24个月校正死亡率较低(使用2.0%比未使用5.3%;差异,-3.3%;95%CI,-6.3%至-0.3%;P=0.03)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率较低(3.1%比7.2%;差异,-4.1%;95%CI,-7.6%至-0.6%;P=0.02)的显著预测指标。然而,在BMS组患者中(417例使用、1976例未用氯吡格雷),死亡(3.7%比4.5%;差异,-0.7%;95%CI,-2.9%至1.4%;P=0.50)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(5.5%比6.0%;差异,-0.5%;95%CI,-3.2%至2.2%;P:0.70)没有差异。在12个月随访没有事件发生的DES组患者(252例使用、276例未用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用依然可以预测24个月死亡(0%比3.5%;差异,-3.5%;95%CI,-5.9%至-1.1%;P=0.004)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(0%比4.5%;差异,-4.5%;95%CI,-7.1%至-1.9%;P〈0.001)较低。然而,在BMS组患者中(346例使用、1644例未用氯吡格雷),在死亡(3.3%比2.7%;差异,0.6%;95%CI,1.5%至2.8%;P=0.57)以及死亡或心肌梗死(4.7%比3.6%;差异,1.0%;95%CI,-1.6%至3.6%;P=0.44)发生方面,依然没有差异。结论:在接受DES治疗的患者中,延长氯吡格雷的使用可以使死亡以及死亡或心肌梗死的发生率下降。然而,使用氯吡格雷的适宜期限只能通过大型临床随机试验确定。 | Eric L Eisenstein, DBA Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD David F. Kong, MD Linda K. Shaw, MS Robert H. Tuttle, MSPH Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH Judith M. Kramer, MD, MS Robert A. Harrington, MD David B. Matchar, MD David E. Kandzari, MD 1 Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH Kevin A. Schulman, MD Robert M. Califf, MD 李呈亿(译) David E. Kandzari, MD | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，3： | 60 |
| 11 | 基于三阶段DEA的中国区域二氧化碳排放绩效评价研究显示文摘要在促进社会经济发展的同时减少二氧化碳排放量,关键在于提高二氧化碳排放绩效。客观正确地评估中国各省份经济发展过程中的二氧化碳排放绩效具有重要现实意义。文章从效率的角度,界定二氧化碳排放绩效的概念,将二氧化碳排放作为非期望产出纳入全要素研究框架,探索性地利用三阶段DEA方法和线性数据转换函数法来评价中国省际区域的二氧化碳排放绩效,剔除了环境变量和随机误差对结果的影响,为真实测度二氧化碳排放绩效提供了可行的方法。结果表明,传统DEA测度的二氧化碳排放平均技术效率和纯技术效率被低估,而平均规模效率被高估;中国区域间二氧化碳排放绩效发展显著不平衡,呈现出'东>西>中'的格局,与传统的经济格局存在一定出入。 | 华坚 任俊 徐敏 Eric Fong | 2013 | 资源科学2013，35，7： | 56 |
| 12 | Diffusion weighted imaging in the liver显示文摘Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique which provides tissue contrast by the measurement of diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues. Diffusion is expressed in an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which reflects the diffusion properties unique to each type of tissue. DWI has been originally used in neuroradiology. More recently, DWI has increasingly been used in addition to conventional unenhanced and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in other parts of the body. The reason for this delay was a number of technical problems inherent to the technique, making DWI very sensitive to artifacts, which had to be overcome. With assessment of ADC values, DWI proved to be helpful in characterization of focal liver lesions. However, DWI should always be used in conjunction to conventional MRI since there is considerable overlap between ADC values of benign and malignant lesions. DWI is useful in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver and detection of liver metastases in oncological patients. In addition, DWI is a promising tool in the prediction of tumor responsiveness to chemotherapy and the follow-up of oncological patients after treatment, as DWI may be capable of detecting recurrent disease earlier than conventional imaging.This review focuses on the most common applications of DWI in the liver. | Petra G Kele Eric J van der Jagt | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 48 |
| 13 | 影响卒中死亡率下降的因素美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的科学声明显示文摘背景和目的 美国的卒中死亡率自20世纪初以来一直呈下降趋势,尽管这种“下降”很受欢迎,但其原因尚不完全清楚.由于近年来卒中死亡率呈现出更为显著的加速下降趋势,卒中已从美国的第3位死亡原因下降至第4位.这促使人们对影响卒中发病风险和死亡率变化的相关因素进行详细评估.这份声明对有关卒中死亡率下降趋势的促进因素的研究证据进行回顾,并讨论了将来如何利用这些因素在卒中这一重大公共卫生问题的干预研究中发挥作用.方法 写作组成员由委员会主席和副主席根据其以前在相关领域的研究成果提名,并通过美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和美国心脏协会手稿监督委员会批准.作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对相关证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距.所有写作组成员均有机会评论这份声明并批准其最终版本.这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审查,然后获得AHA科学顾问与协调委员会的批准.结果 过去数十年间,在不同性别、所有种族/民族以及各个年龄组人群中都观察到卒中死亡率的下降,这体现出人群健康的重大进展.除了卒中对于总体寿命损失的影响减少外,在65岁以下人群中观察到的卒中死亡率显著下降体现了其所致潜在寿命损失年的减少.卒中死亡率的下降要归功于卒中发病率和病死率的降低.这些卒中转归的显著改善与心血管危险因素的控制和干预相一致.虽然很难计算出具体的归因危险度估计值,但始于20世纪70年代的血压控制措施似乎已对卒中死亡率的加速下降产生了最实质性的影响.尽管实施较晚,但糖尿病和血脂异常控制以及戒烟计划,特别是联合降压治疗,似乎同样促进了卒中死亡率的下降.远程医疗和卒中医疗体系也似乎具有强烈的潜在作用,但尚需足够长的时间来证明其对卒中死亡率下降的影响.其他因素也可能产生影响,但需要更多的研究来确定它们的作用.结论 卒中死亡率的下降是真实存在的,代表着公共卫生以及临床医学的巨大成功.卒中从第3位死亡原因下降至第4位是死亡率真实下降的结果,而并非由于慢性肺病死亡率上升所致,后者是目前在美国是第3位的死亡原因.有强烈的证据表明,卒中死亡率的下降可归功于以科学发现为基础、旨在降低卒中风险而执行的联合干预措施和项目,其中最有可能的是对高血压控制的改善.因此,对正在开展的干预项目进行的研究及其成果的应用已改善了人群健康.对一些积极的循证公共卫生项目以及临床干预措施的持续应用预期会进一步降低卒中死亡率. | Daniel T.Lackland Edward J.Roccella Anne F.Deutsch Myriam Fornage Mary G.George George Howard Brett M.Kissela Steven J.Kittner Judith H.Lichtman Lynda D. Lisabeth Lee H. Schwamm Eric E. Smith 高一鹭 陈政弘 王文志 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，5： | 41 |
| 14 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 15 | 大洋磷酸盐化作用对富钴结壳元素富集的影响显示文摘中国首次对与大洋富钴结壳密切相关的磷酸盐化作用进行了研究。对取自西太平洋麦哲伦海山区一厚度为 10cm的富钴结壳样品 ,自顶至底以 5mm间距采取了 2 0个分层样品进行了成矿元素和稀土元素分析。结果表明 ,未被磷酸盐化的新结壳和磷酸盐化的老结壳间主要成矿元素的含量相差显著。老结壳中Fe、Mn、Si、Al、Zn、Mg、Co、Ni、Cu元素亏损 ,亏损次序为Co >Ni>Mg >Al>Mn >Si>Cu >Zn >Fe;而Ca、P、Sr、Ba、Pb元素含量增加 ,富集次序为P >Ca >Ba >Pb >Sr。研究认为 ,结壳中磷酸盐化作用的强弱制约着富钴结壳成矿元素含量的变化 ,磷酸盐化作用是造成老结壳中主要成矿元素Co、Ni等贫化流失的根本原因。研究还表明 ,磷酸盐化作用对富钴结壳的稀土元素丰度也产生一定影响 ,使老结壳的稀土总量和Ce含量高于新结壳 ,但未显著改变其稀土配分模式和分馏特征。研究证实 ,老结壳的Y正异常与磷酸盐化作用无关。 | 潘家华 刘淑琴 Eric DeCarlo | 2002 | 地球学报2002，23，5： | 42 |
| 16 | The economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations in China: a retrospective survey显示文摘Background:The seasonal influenza vaccine coverage rate in China is only 1.9%.There is no information available on the economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations at the national level,even though this kind of information is important for informing national-level immunization policy decision-making.Methods:A retrospective telephone survey was conducted in 2013/14 to estimate the direct and indirect costs of seasonal influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from a societal perspective.Study participants were laboratory-confirmed cases registered in the National Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Sentinel Surveillance Network in China in 2013.Patient-reported costs from the survey were validated by a review of hospital accounts for a small sample of the inpatients.Results:The study enrolled 529 outpatients(median age:eight years;interquartile range[IQR]:five to 20 years)and 254 inpatients(median age:four years;IQR:two to seven years).Among the outpatients,22.1%(117/529)had underlying diseases and among the inpatients,52.8%(134/254)had underlying diseases.The average total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient visits and inpatient visits were US$155(standard deviation,SD US$122)and US$1,511(SD US$1,465),respectively.Direct medical costs accounted for 45 and 69%of the total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient and inpatient visits,respectively.For influenza outpatients,the mean cost per episode in children aged below five years(US$196)was higher than that in other age groups(US$129–153).For influenza inpatients,the mean cost per episode in adults aged over 60 years(US$2,735)was much higher than that in those aged below 60 years(US$1,417–1,621).Patients with underlying medical conditions had higher costs per episode than patients without underlying medical conditions(outpatients:US$186 vs.US$146;inpatients:US$1,800 vs.US$1,189).In the baseline analysis,inpatients reported costs were 18%higher than those found in the accounts review(n=38).Conclusion:The economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient and inpatient visits in China is substantial,particularly for young children,the elderly,and patients with underlying medical conditions.More widespread influenza vaccination would likely alleviate the economic burden of patients.The actual impact and cost-effectiveness analysis of the influenza immunization program in China merits further investigation. | Juan Yang Mark Jit Kathy S.Leung Ya-ming Zheng Lu-zhao Feng Li-ping Wang Eric H.Y.Lau Joseph T.Wu Hong-jie Yu | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 44 |
| 17 | Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular characteristics and clinical applications显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into tissues of both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages, although recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs are also able to differentiate into other lineages, including neuronal and cardiomyogenic lineages. Since their original isolation from the bone marrow, MSCs have been successfully harvested from many other tissues. Their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion combined with their immunoprivileged nature has made these cells popular candidates for stem cell therapies. These cells have the potential to alter disease pathophysiology through many modalities including cytokine secretion, capacity to differentiate along various lineages, immune modulation and direct cell-cell interaction with diseased tissue. Here we first review basic features of MSC biology including MSC characteristics in culture, homing mechanisms, differentiation capabilities and immune modulation. We then highlight some in vivo and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic roles of MSCs and their uses in orthopedic, autoimmune, and ischemic disorders. | Farbod Rastegar Deana Shenaq Eric R Wagner Stephanie H Kim Russell R Reid Hue H Luu Rex C Haydon | 2010 | World Journal of Stem Cells2010，2，4： | 35 |
| 18 | 利用地脉动探测北京城区的地震动场地响应显示文摘为获取北京城区的地震动场地响应资料,2007年夏天在北京市开展了脉动背景噪声的阵列观测.利用北京市五环内间距1~2km的600多个点位的地脉动观测记录,采用H/V谱比分析法得到了北京城区高分辨的沉积层卓越频率和放大倍数及沉积盖层厚度分布.本文结果与地表地形和新构造运动的分布较为相符,得到的沉积盖层厚度与早期基于有限钻孔资料给出结果总体上较为一致,但分辨精度明显提高.这些结果为北京市规划和抗震设防提供了重要的科学基础资料,为城市地球物理探测获取地下三维结构资料探索了可行的途径。 | 陈棋福 刘澜波 王伟君 Eric Rohrbach | 2008 | 科学通报2008，53，18： | 37 |
| 19 | Spatial differences in rock uplift rates inferred from channel steepness indices along the northern flank of the Qilian Mountain,northeast Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The rate and distribution of deformation along the Qilian Mountain,on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,is needed to understand the evolution of high topography associated with the plateau.Recently,a number of empirical studies have provided support for the contention,common to most models of fluvial incision,that rock uplift rate exerts a first-order control on the gradient of longitudinal river profiles.Along the northern Qilian Mountain,this method is used to extract information about the spatial patterns of differential rock uplift.Analysis of the longitudinal profiles of bedrock channels reveals systematic differences in the channel steepness index along the trend of the frontal ranges.Local comparisons of channel steepness reveal that lithology and precipitation have limited influence on channel steepness.Similarly,there is little evidence suggesting that channel steepness is influenced by differences in the sediment loads.We argue that the distribution of channel steepness in the Qilian Mountain is mostly the result of differential rates of rock uplift.Thus,channel steepness indices reveal a lower rock uplift rate in the eastern portion of the Qilian Mountain and a higher rate in the middle and west.The highest rates appear to occur in the middle-west portions of the range,just to the west of the Yumu Shan. | HU XlaoFei PAN BaoTian KIRBY Eric LI QingYang GENG HaoPeng CHEN JiFeng | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，27： | 35 |
| 20 | Androgen receptor: structure, role in prostate cancer and drug discovery显示文摘Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play a pivotal role in expression of the male phenotype. Several diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate cancer, are associated with alterations in AR functions. Indeed, androgen blockade by drugs that prevent the production of androgens and/or block the action of the AR inhibits prostate cancer growth. However, resistance to these drugs often occurs after 2-3 years as the patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In CRPC, a functional AR remains a key regulator. Early studies focused on the functional domains of the AR and its crucial role in the pathology. The elucidation of the structures of the AR DNA binding domain (DBD) and ligand binding domain (LBD) provides a new framework for understanding the functions of this receptor and leads to the development of rational drug design for the treatment of prostate cancer. An overview of androgen receptor structure and activity, its actions in prostate cancer, and how structural information and high-throughput screening have been or can be used for drug discovery are provided herein. | MH Eileen TAN Jun LI H Eric XU Karsten MELCHER Eu-leong YONG | 2015 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2015，36，1： | 39 |
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