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| 1 | Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease:Role of oxidative metabolism显示文摘Alcohol consumption is a predominant etiological factor in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases,resulting in fatty liver,alcoholic hepatitis,fibrosis/cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Although the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)involves complex and still unclear biological processes,the oxidative metabolites of ethanol such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a preeminent role in the clinical and pathological spectrum of ALD.Ethanol oxidative metabolism influences intracellular signaling pathways and deranges the transcriptional control of several genes,leading to fat accumulation,fibrogenesis and activation of innate and adaptive immunity.Acetaldehyde is known to be toxic to the liver and alters lipid homeostasis,decreasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and increasing sterol regulatory element binding protein activity via an AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-dependent mechanism.AMPK activation by ROS modulates autophagy,which has an important role in removing lipid droplets.Acetaldehyde and aldehydes generated from lipid peroxidation induce collagensynthesis by their ability to form protein adducts that activate transforming-growth-factor-β-dependent and independent profibrogenic pathways in activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Furthermore,activation of innate and adaptive immunity in response to ethanol metabolism plays a key role in the development and progression of ALD.Acetaldehyde alters the intestinal barrier and promote lipopolysaccharide(LPS)translocation by disrupting tight and adherent junctions in human colonic mucosa.Acetaldehyde and LPS induce Kupffer cells to release ROS and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to neutrophils infiltration.In addition,alcohol consumption inhibits natural killer cells that are cytotoxic to HSCs and thus have an important antifibrotic function in the liver.Ethanol metabolism may also interfere with cell-mediated adaptive immunity by impairing proteasome function in macrophages and dendritic cells,and consequently alters allogenic antigen presentation.Finally,acetaldehyde and ROS have a role in alcohol-related carcinogenesis because they can form DNA adducts that are prone to mutagenesis,and they interfere with methylation,synthesis and repair of DNA,thereby increasing HCC susceptibility. | Elisabetta Ceni Tommaso Mello Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，47： | 72 |
| 2 | Update on ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation: Pathogenesis and treatment显示文摘Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with delayed graft function, graft rejection, chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Ischemia/reperfusion affects many regulatory systems at the cellular level as well as in the renal tissue that result in a distinct inflammatory reaction of the kidney graft. Underlying factors of ischemia reperfusion include energy metabolism, cellular changes of the mitochondria and cellular membranes, initiation of different forms of cell death-like apoptosis and necrosis together with a recently discovered mixed form termed necroptosis. Chemokines and cytokines together with other factors promote the inflammatory response leading to activation of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune system. If the inflammatory reaction continues within the graft tissue, a progressive interstitial fibrosis develops that impacts long-term graft outcome. It is of particular importance in kidney transplantation to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of ischemia/reperfusion on the graft as this knowledge also opens strategies to prevent or treat ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in order to improve graft outcome. | Maurizio Salvadori Giuseppina Rosso Elisabetta Bertoni | 2015 | World Journal of Transplantation2015，5，2： | 43 |
| 3 | Hepatitis B:Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a serious global public health problem.The infection may be transmitted through sexual intercourse,parenteral contact or from an infected mother to the baby at birth and,if contracted early in life,may lead to chronic liver disease,including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.On the basis of the HBV carrier rate,the world can be divided in 3 regions of high,medium and low endemicity.The major concern is about high endemicity countries,where the most common route of infection remains vertical transmission from mother to child.Screening of all pregnant women and passive immunization with human hepatitis B immunoglobulin are not affordable for many developing countries.The infection rate can be reduced by modifying behavior,improving individual education,testing all blood donations,assuring asepsis in clinical practice and screening all pregnant women.However,availability of a safe and efficacious vaccine and adoption of appropriate immunization strategies are the most effective means to prevent HBV infection and its consequences.The unsolved problem for poorest countries,where the number of people currently infected is high,is the cost of the vaccine.A future challenge is to overcome the social and economic hurdles of maintaining and improving a prevention policy worldwide to reduce the global burden of the disease. | Elisabetta Franco Barbara Bagnato Maria Giulia Marino Cristina Meleleo Laura Serino Laura Zaratti | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，3： | 39 |
| 4 | Hepatitis A:Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries显示文摘Hepatitis A is the most common form of acute viral hepatitis in the world.Major geographical differences in endemicity of hepatitis A are closely related to hygienic and sanitary conditions and other indicators of the level of socioeconomic development.The anti-hepatitis A virus(HAV)seroprevalence rate is presently decreasing in many parts of the world,but in less developed regions and in several developing countries,HAV infection is still very common in the first years of life and seroprev-alence rates approach 100%.In areas of intermediate endemicity,the delay in the exposure to the virus has generated a huge number of susceptible adolescents and adults and significantly increased the average age at infection.As the severity of disease increases with age,this has led to outbreaks of hepatitis A.Several factors contribute to the decline of the infection rate,including rising socioeconomic levels,increased access to clean water and the availability of a hepatitis A vaccine that was developed in the 1990s.For populations with a high proportion of susceptible adults,implementing vaccination programs may be considered.In this report,we review available epidemiological data and implementation of vaccination strategies,particularly focusing on developing countries. | Elisabetta Franco Cristina Meleleo Laura Serino Debora Sorbara Laura Zaratti | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，3： | 20 |
| 5 | Coronary thrombus in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI:Prognostic significance and management显示文摘Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) usually results from coronary atherosclerotic plaque disruption with superimposed thrombus formation. Detection of coronary thrombi is a poor prognostic indicator,which is mostly proportional to their size and composition. Particularly,intracoronary thrombi impair both epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion,by occluding major coronary arteries and causing distal embolization,respectively. Thus,although primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred treatement strategy in STEMI setting,the associated use of adjunctive antithrombotic drugs and/or percutaneous thrombectomy is crucial to optimize therapy of STEMI patients,by improving either angiographical and clinical outcomes. This review article will focus on the prognostic significance of intracoronary thrombi and on current antithrombotic pharmacological and interventional strategies used inthe setting of STEMI to manage thrombotic lesions. | Sabine Vecchio Elisabetta Varani Tania Chechi Marco Balducelli Giuseppe Vecchi Matteo Aquilina Giulia Ricci Lucchi Alessro Dal Monte Massimo Margheri | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，6： | 18 |
| 6 | Performance of liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography in chronic hepatitis显示文摘AIM:To compare results of liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography(TE) obtained in our patients population with that used in a recently published meta-analysis.METHODS:This was a single center cross-sectional study.Consecutive patients with chronic viral hepatitis scheduled for liver biopsy at the outpatient ward of our Infectious Diseases Department were enrolled.TE was carried out by using FibroScan(Echosens,Paris,France).Liver biopsy was performed on the same day as TE,as day case procedure.Fibrosis was staged according to the Metavir scoring system.The diagnostic performance of TE was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve analysis.RESULTS:Two hundred and fifty-two patients met the inclusion criteria.Six(2%) patients were excluded due to unreliable TE measurements.Thus,246(171 men and 75 women) patients were analyzed.One hundred and ninety-five(79.3%) patients had chronic hepatitis C,41(16.7%) had chronic hepatitis B,and 10(4.0%) were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus.ROC curve analysis identified optimal cut-off value of TE as high as 6.9 kPa forF ≥ 2;7.9 kPa forF ≥ 3;9.6 kPa for F = 4 in all patients(n = 246),and as high as 6.9 kPa for F ≥ 2;7.3 kPa for F ≥ 3;9.3 kPa for F = 4 in patients with hepatitis C(n = 195).Cut-off values of TE obtained by maximizing only the specificity were as high as 6.9 kPa for F ≥ 2;9.6 kPa for F ≥ 3;12.2 kPa for F = 4 in all patients(n = 246),and as high as 7.0 kPa forF ≥ 2;9.3 kPa forF ≥ 3;12.3 kPa forF = 4 in patients with hepatitis C(n = 195).CONCLUSION:The cut-off values of TE obtained in this single center study are comparable to that obtained in a recently published meta-analysis that included up to 40 studies. | Giovanna Ferraioli Carmine Tinelli Barbara Dal Bello Mabel Zicchetti Raffaella Lissandrin Gaetano Filice Carlo Filice Elisabetta Above Giorgio Barbarini Enrico Brunetti Willy Calderon Marta Di Gregorio Roberto Gulminetti Paolo Lanzarini Serena Ludovisi Laura Maiocchi Antonello Malfitano Giuseppe Michelone Lorenzo Minoli Mario Mondelli Stefano Novati Savino FA Patruno Alessandro Perretti Gianluigi Poma Paolo Sacchi Domenico Zanaboni Marco Zaramella | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，1： | 18 |
| 7 | Enteric glial cells and their role in gastrointestinal motor abnormalities: Introducing the neuro-gliopathies显示文摘The role of enteric glial cells has somewhat changed from that of mere mechanical support elements, gluing together the various components of the enteric nervous system, to that of active participants in the complex interrelationships of the gut motor and inflammatory events. Due to their multiple functions, spanning from supporting elements in the myenteric plexuses to neurotransmitters, to neuronal homeostasis, to antigen presenting cells, this cell population has probably more intriguing abilities than previously thought. Recently, some evidence has been accumulating that shows how these cells may be involved in the pathophysiological aspects of some diseases. This review will deal with the properties of the enteric glial cells more strictly related to gastrointestinal motor function and the human pathological conditions in which these cells may play a role, suggesting the possibility of enteric neuro- gliopathies. | Gabrio Bassotti Vincenzo Villanacci Simona Fisogni Elisa Rossi Paola Baronio Carlo Clerici Christoph A Maurer Gieri Cathomas Elisabetta Antonelli | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，30： | 16 |
| 8 | 精子DNA损伤的机制和临床应用显示文摘在男性配子各种不同的DNA异常中,DNA断裂最为常见,尤其是在不育症患者中。目前越来越多的研究表明,DNA断裂并不显著影响精子细胞的存活率、活动率、形态以及与卵细胞的结合能力。研究还证明,卵母细胞在一定程度上可以修复受损的DNA,其修复程度依赖于精子细胞DNA的损伤类型和卵母细胞的质量。因此,研究精子DNA断裂(SDF)在自然分娩或辅助生殖技术助孕中对胚胎发育、胚胎着床、妊娠结果、子代健康的影响变得非常重要。至今,针对SDF对生殖的影响的研究极少,且研究报道的结论很不一致。导致这种不一致的原因可能与检测SDF的手段不同、实验设计不同和精液标本选择标准不同有关。因此,目前还不能确定是否将SDF检测拽术砬用于受精评估和ART技术中。这表明,制定SDF检测技术的标准化方法势在必行,另外关于SDF对ART的影响有必要进行进一步的临床研究。 | Lara Tamburrino Sara Marchiani Margarita Montoya Francesco Elia Marino Ilaria Natali Marta Cambi Gianni Forti Elisabetta Baldi Monica Muratori | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，1： | 16 |
| 9 | Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones induce ductal differentiation but not apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells显示文摘AIM: Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs that have been shown to inhibit growth of same epithelial cancer cells. Although TZD were found to be ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the mechanism by which TZD exert their anticancer effect is presently unclear. In this study,we analyzed the mechanism by which TZD inhibit growth of human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in order to evaluate the potential therapeutic use of these drugs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.METHODS: The effects of TZD in pancreatic cancer cells were assessed in anchorage-independent growth assay.Expression of PPARγ was measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by Western blot analysis. PPARγ activity was evaluated by transient reporter gene assay. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentationassay were used to determine the effect of TZD on cell cycle progression and apoptosis respectively. The effect of TZD on ductal differentiation markers was performed by Western blot.RESULTS: Exposure to TZD inhibited colony formation in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Growth inhibition was linked to G1 phase cell cycle arrest through induction of the ductal differentiation program without any increase of the apoptotic rate.CONCLUSION: TZD treatment in pancreatic cancer cells has potent inhibitory effects on growth by a PPAR-dependent induction of pacreatic ductal differentiation. | Elisabetta Ceni Tommaso Mello Mirko Tarocchi David W Crabb Anna Caldini Pietro Invernizzi Calogero Surrenti Stefano Milani Andrea Galli | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，8： | 15 |
| 10 | Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic cirrhosis显示文摘AIM: To assess the relationship between vitamin D re-ceptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Two-hundred forty patients who underwent liver transplantation were studied. The etiologies of liver disease were hepatitis C (100 patients), hepatitis B (37) and alcoholic liver disease (103). A group of 236 healthy subjects served as controls. HCC in the explanted liver was detected in 80 patients. The following single nucle-otide gene polymorphisms of the VDR were investigatedby polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism: FokI C>T (F/f), BsmI A>G (B/b), ApaI T>G (A/a) and TaqI T>C (T/t) (BAT). RESULTS: The frequencies of genotypes in patients without and with HCC were for FokI F/F = 69, F/f = 73, f/f = 18 and F/F = 36, F/f = 36, f/f = 8; BsmI b/b = 45, B/b = 87, B/B = 28 and b/b = 33, B/b = 35, B/B = 12; for ApaI A/A = 53, A/a = 85, a/a = 22 and A/A = 27, A/a = 38, a/a = 15; for TaqI T/T = 44, T/t = 88, t/t = 28 and T/T = 32, T/t = 38, t/t = 10. Carriage of the b/b genotype of BsmI and the T/T genotype of TaqI was signif icantly associated with HCC (45/160 vs 33/80, P < 0.05 and 44/160 vs 32/80, P < 0.05, respectively). The absence of the A-T-C protective allele of BAT was signif i-cantly associated with the presence of HCC (46/80 vs 68/160, P < 0.05). A strong association was observed between carriage of the BAT A-T-C and G-T-T haplotypes and HCC only in alcoholic liver disease (7/46 vs 12/36 vs 11/21, P < 0.002, respectively).CONCLUSION: VDR genetic polymorphisms are sig-nificantly associated with the occurrence of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis. This relationship is more specific for patients with an alcoholic etiology. | Edmondo Falleti Davide Bitetto Carlo Fabris Annarosa Cussigh Elisabetta Fontanini Ezio Fornasiere Elisa Fumolo Sara Bignulin Sara Cmet Rosalba Minisini Mario Pirisi Pierluigi Toniutto | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，24： | 14 |
| 11 | Primary hepatic carcinoid:A case report and literature review显示文摘Carcinoids are tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells and often produce functional peptide hormones.Approximately 54.5% arise in the gastrointestinal tract and frequently metastasize to the liver.Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors(PHCT) are extremely rare;only 95 cases have been reported.A 65-year-old man came to our attention due to occasional ultrasound findings in absence of clinical manifestations.His previous medical history,since 2003,included an echotomography of the dishomogeneous parenchymal area but no focal lesions.A computed tomography scan performed in 2005 showed an enhanced pseudonodular-like lesion of about 2 cm.Cholangio-magnetic resonance imaging identified the lesion as a possible cholangiocarcinoma.No positive findings were obtained with positron emission tomography.Histology suggested a secondary localization in the liver caused by a low-grade malignant neuroendocrine tumor.Immunohistochemistry was positive for anti chromogranin antibodies,Ki67 antibodies and synaptophysin.Octreoscan scintigraphy indicated intense activity in the lesion.Endoscopic investigations were performed to exclude the presence of extrahepatic neoplasms.Diagnosis of PHCT was established.The patient underwent left hepatectomy,followed by hormone therapy with sandostatine LAR.Two months after surgery he had a lymph nodal relapse along the celiac trunk and caudate lobe,which was histologically confirmed.The postoperative clinical course was uneventful,with a negative follow-up for hematochemical,clinical and radiological investigations at 18 mo post-surgery.Diagnosis of PHCT is based principally on the histopathological confi rmation of a carcinoid tumor and the exclusion of a non-hepatic primary tumor.Surgical resection is the recommended primary treatment for PHCT.Recurrence rate and survival rate in patients treated with resection were 18% and 74%,respectively. | Luigi Maria Fenoglio Sara Severini Domenico Ferrigno Giovanni Gollè Cristina Serraino Christian Bracco Elisabetta Castagna Chiara Brignone Fulvio Pomero Elena Migliore Ezio David Mauro Salizzoni | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，19： | 14 |
| 12 | Effects of music and music therapy on mood in neurological patients显示文摘Mood disorder and depressive syndromes represent a common comorbid condition in neurological disorders witha prevalence rate that ranges between 20% and 50% of patients with stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Notwithstanding, these conditions are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in the clinical practice and negatively affect the functional recovery, the adherence to treatment, the quality of life, and even the mortality risk. In addition, a bidirectional association between depression and neurological disorders may be possible being that depressive syndromes may be considered as a risk factor for certain neurological diseases. Despite the large amount of evidence regarding the effects of music therapy(MT) and other musical interventions on different aspects of neurological disorders, no updated article reviewing outcomes such as mood, emotions, depression, activity of daily living and so on is actually available; for this reason, little is known about the effectiveness of music and MT on these important outcomes in neurological patients. The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of the current literature on musical interventions and their effects on mood and depression in patients with neurological disorders. Searching on Pub Med and Psyc Info databases, 25 studies corresponding to the inclusion criteria have been selected; 11 of them assess the effects of music or MT in Dementia, 9 explore the efficacy on patients with Stroke, and 5 regard other neurological diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/motor neuron disease, Chronic quadriplegia, Parkinson's Disease, and Acquired Brain dysfunctions. Selected studies are based on relational and rehabilitative music therapy approaches or concern music listening interventions. Most of the studies support the efficacy of MT and other musical interventions on mood, depressive syndromes, and quality of life on neurological patients. | Alfredo Raglio Lapo Attardo Giulia Gontero Silvia Rollino Elisabetta Groppo Enrico Granieri | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，1： | 13 |
| 13 | 6个中国猪地方品种和3个瑞典猪DNA分子系统发育相关关系(英文)显示文摘线粒体DNA遗传多样性用于评价 6个中国地方猪种和 3个瑞典家猪系统发育关系。采用PCR和序列分析方法得到了来自 9个品种 1 40头猪的线粒体中控制区 4 4 0bp和细胞色素b基因 798bp核苷酸序列。系统发育分析结果表明 :6个中国地方猪种起源于亚洲野猪。中国地方猪种和欧洲野猪的线粒体DNA核苷酸序列变异发生在 4 1 30 0 0~8750 0 0年以前 ,而亚洲野猪的变异仅发生在 70 0 0~ 1 560 0 0年以前。由于 2 0 0 0年以前或1 8世纪初中国猪种导入欧洲家猪 。 | 蒋思文 Elisabetta Giuffra Leif Andersson 熊远著 | 2001 | Acta Genetica Sinica2001，28，12： | 13 |
| 14 | Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome:Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations显示文摘Hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS) is a rare disease. In this work the authors review the recent findings on HUS, considering the different etiologic and pathogenetic classifications. New findings in genetics and, in particular, mutations of genes that encode the complement-regulatory proteins have improved our understanding of atypical HUS. Similarly, the complement proteins are clearly involved in all types of thrombotic microangiopathy: typical HUS, atypical HUS and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TT P). Furthermore, several secondary HUS appear to be related to abnormalities in complement genes in predisposed patients. The authors highlight the therapeutic aspects of this rare disease, examining both 'traditional therapy'(including plasma therapy, kidney and kidneyliver transplantation) and 'new therapies'. The latter include anti-Shiga-toxin antibodies and anti-C5 monoclonal antibody 'eculizumab'. Eculizumab has been recently launched for the treatment of the atypical HUS, but it appears to be effective in the treatment of typical HUS and in TT P. Future therapies are in phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ. They include anti-C5 antibodies, which are more purified, less immunogenic and absorbed orally and, anti-C3 antibodies, which are more powerful, but potentially less safe. Additionally, infusions of recom-binant complement-regulatory proteins are a potential future therapy. | Maurizio Salvadori Elisabetta Bertoni | 2013 | World Journal of Nephrology2013，2，3： | 13 |
| 15 | Intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) seems to involve a primary defect in one or more of the elements responsible for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and oral tolerance. The most important element is represented by the intestinal barrier, a complex system formed mostly by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs have an active role in producing mucus and regulating its composition; they provide a physical barrier capable of controlling antigen traff ic through the intestinal mucosa. At the same time, they are able to play the role of non-professional antigen presenting cells, by processing and presenting antigens directly to the cells of the intestinal immune system. On the other hand, immune cells regulate epithelial growth and differentiation, producing a continuous bi-directional cross-talk within the barrier. Several alterations of the barrier function have been identif ied in IBD, starting from mucus features up to its components, from epithelial junctions up to the Toll-like receptors, and altered immune responses. It remains to be understood whether these defects are primary causes of epithelial damage or secondary effects. We review the possible role of the epithelial barrier and particularly describe the role of IECs in the pathogenesis of IBD. | Giulia Roda Alessandro Sartini Elisabetta Zambon Andrea Calafiore Margherita Marocchi Alessandra Caponi Andrea Belluzzi Enrico Roda | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，34： | 12 |
| 16 | New strategies for colorectal cancer screening显示文摘Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in Western countries, despite major improvements in its treatment. The dramatically high social and economic impact of CRC on human health makes the identification of a reliable screening tool of paramount importance. Current screening methods, such as the fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy do not adequately meet the ideal requisites of a screening test because, even if they are effective, they are limited first by too low specificity and sensitivity, or second by high invasiveness, costs and risk. Nowadays extended efforts are made by researchers to look for more reliable and effective screening tests based on a systems biology approach, using biological samples easily available, such as urine, breath, serum and feces. The effectiveness and reliability of several new attempts to screen these patients by non-invasive analysis of their biological samples using genomic (genetic and epigenetic alteration), transcriptomic (miRNA), proteomic (cancer-related antigens, new antibodies against tumor-associated antigens, mutated proteins) and metabolomic (volatile organic metabolites) methods are discussed in this review. Among the most interesting new screening tools, fecal fluorescent long-DNA, fecal miRNA and metabolomic evaluation in breath and/ or serum seem to be most promising. | Maria Di Lena Elisabetta Travaglio Donato F Altomare | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，12： | 12 |
| 17 | Gastrointestinal motility disorders in inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘The relationship between motility and inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders is at the same time complex and intriguing since these conditions might share some genetic,environmental,immunological and microbial predisposing factors.In addition,significant symptom overlapping may occur,muddling the waters within the clinical context.Although on one hand this represents a challenge for the clinician for a potential under-or over-treatment and diagnostic delay,on the other hand it possibly represents an opportunity for the researcher to better disclose the intimate relationship between chronic(often low-grade)inflammation,motor disorders and deranged sensory function.The best example is probably represented by Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.In fact,a number of gastrointestinal motor disorders have been described in association with these diseases,disorders which span from the esophagus to the anorectum,and which will be extensively covered in this review.It is conceivable that at least part of this derangement is strictly related to inflammatory cytokine trafficking and neuromuscular changes;however,given the high prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in the general population,this overlap might also be serendipitous.However,it is worth noting that literature data on this topic are relatively scarce,sometimes quite outdated,and mostly focused on the interplay between irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.Nevertheless,both researchers and clinicians must be aware that symptoms related to gastrointestinal motility disorders may be highly prevalent in both active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease,correlate with greater psychological comorbidity and poorer quality of life,and may negatively influence the therapeutic approaches. | Gabrio Bassotti Elisabetta Antonelli Vincenzo Villanacci Marianna Salemme Manuela Coppola Vito Annese | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Assessing liver injury associated with antimycotics:Concise literature review and clues from data mining of the FAERS database显示文摘AIM: To inform clinicians on the level of hepatotoxicrisk among antimycotics in the post-marketing setting,following the marketing suspension of oral ketocon-azole for drug-induced liver injury(DILI).METHODS: The publicly available international FAERSdatabase(2004-2011) was used to extract DILI cases(including acute liver failure events), where antimycot-ics with systemic use or potential systemic absorptionwere reported as suspect or interacting agents. The re-porting pattern was analyzed by calculating the report-ing odds ratio and corresponding 95%CI, a measure ofdisproportionality, with time-trend analysis where ap-propriate.RESULTS: From 1687284 reports submitted over the8-year period, 68115 regarded liver injury. Of these,2.9% are related to antimycotics(1964 cases, of which 112 of acute liver failure). Eleven systemic antimycotics(including ketoconazole and the newer triazole deriva-tives voriconazole and posaconazole) and terbinafine(used systemically to treat onychomicosis) generated a significant disproportionality, indicating a post-market-ing signal of risk.CONCLUSION: Virtually all antimycotics with systemic action or absorption are commonly reported in clinically significant cases of DILI. Clinicians must be aware of this aspect and monitor patients in case switch is con-sidered, especially in critical poly-treated patients under chronic treatment. | Emanuel Raschi Elisabetta Poluzzi Ariola Koci Paolo Caraceni Fabrizio De Ponti | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，8： | 10 |
| 19 | 关于孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下(ICH)遗传病因的新发现显示文摘特发性低促性腺激素性性功能减退症(IHH)是一种罕见的疾病,它的病症表现为青春期的推迟或者缺失,以及(或者)不育症。这些病症是由于促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的作用未能对正常的垂体.性腺轴产生足够的刺激。由于罹患该病的患者体内的促卯泡激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)的水平偏低或正常,所以采用孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下(ICH)这一术语定义该疾病可能更为合适。该疾病应区别于伴有其它垂体缺陷的中枢性性腺功能减退。孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下的发病机制比较复杂,且在男性中的发病率比中枢性性腺功能减退多5倍。大部分情况下,该病的患病人群比较分散,但也曾经报道过几例家族病例。这一发现加上其它很多致病基因突变的调查,以及一些基因敲除模型的出现,证明了该疾病的发病可能有一个强大的遗传学因素存在。孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下可能与一些包含锇缺乏在内的形态遗传学异常有关联,而锇缺乏与孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下构成了卡尔曼氏综合症(KS)的主要病征。在全部的孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下病例中,卡尔曼氏综合症约占40%,也被视作一个特殊的患者子群体。然而,经过对患有孤立的锇缺陷或者卡尔曼氏综合症(KS)亦或孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下的包含亲戚在内的几个家族谱系内部的病患的调查,证明孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下是一种复杂的遗传性疾病,它具有复杂多样的表征以及显性。由此得出,不管是多个基因变异还是环境因素或者核外遗传的变化都有可能导致复杂多样的病征。本文综述了己知的、与孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下的发病机制相关的遗传机制,并且对由意大利孤立特发性中枢性性腺功能低下网络合作中心所收集的227例病例作出临床概述。 | Marco Bonomi Domenico Vladimiro Libri Fabiana Guizzardi Elena Guarducci Elisabetta Maiolo Elisa Pignatti Roberta Asci Luca Persani | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，1： | 10 |
| 20 | Axon degeneration: make the Schwann cell great again显示文摘Axonal degeneration is a pivotal feature of many neurodegenerative conditions and substantially accounts for neurological morbidity. A widely used experimental model to study the mechanisms of axonal degeneration is Wallerian degeneration(WD), which occurs after acute axonal injury. In the peripheral nervous system(PNS), WD is characterized by swift dismantling and clearance of injured axons with their myelin sheaths. This is a prerequisite for successful axonal regeneration. In the central nervous system(CNS), WD is much slower, which significantly contributes to failed axonal regeneration. Although it is well-documented that Schwann cells(SCs) have a critical role in the regenerative potential of the PNS, to date we have only scarce knowledge as to how SCs ‘sense' axonal injury and immediately respond to it. In this regard, it remains unknown as to whether SCs play the role of a passive bystander or an active director during the execution of the highly orchestrated disintegration program of axons. Older reports, together with more recent studies, suggest that SCs mount dynamic injury responses minutes after axonal injury, long before axonal breakdown occurs. The swift SC response to axonal injury could play either a pro-degenerative role, or alternatively a supportive role, to the integrity of distressed axons that have not yet committed to degenerate. Indeed, supporting the latter concept, recent findings in a chronic PNS neurodegeneration model indicate that deactivation of a key molecule promoting SC injury responses exacerbates axonal loss. If this holds true in a broader spectrum of conditions, it may provide the grounds for the development of new glia-centric therapeutic approaches to counteract axonal loss. | Keit Men Wong Elisabetta Babetto Bogdan Beirowski | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，4： | 10 |
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