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| 1 | Pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients ≥ 75 years of age:Are there any differences with other age ranges in oncological and surgical outcomes? Results from a tertiary referral center显示文摘AIM To compare surgical and oncological outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) in patients ≥ 75 years of age with two younger cohorts of patients. METHODS The prospectively maintained Institutional database of pancreatic resection was queried for patients aged ≥ 75 years(late elderly, LE) submitted to PD for any disease from January 2010 to June 2015. We compared clinical, demographic and pathological features and survival outcomes of LE patients with 2 exact matched cohorts of younger patients [≥ 40 to 64 years of age(adults, A) and ≥ 65 to 74 years of age(young elderly, YE)] submitted to PD, according to selected variables. RESULTS The final LE population, as well as the control groups, were made of 96 subjects. Up to 71% of patients was operated on for a periampullary malignancy and pancreatic cancer(PDAC) accounted for 79% of them. Intraoperative data(estimated blood loss and duration of surgery) did not differ among the groups. The overall complication rate was 65.6%, 61.5% and 58.3% for LE, YE and A patients, respectively, P = NS). Reoperation and cardiovascular complications were significantly more frequent in LE than in YE and A groups(P = 0.003 and P = 0.019, respectively). When considering either all malignancies and PDAC only, the three groups did not differ in survival. Considering all benign diseases, the estimated mean survival was 58 and 78 mo for ≥ and < 75 years of age(YE + A groups), respectively(P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Age is not a contraindication for PD. A careful selection of LE patients allows to obtain good surgical and oncological results. | Salvatore Paiella Matteo De Pastena Tommaso Pollini Giovanni Zancan Debora Ciprani Giulia De Marchi Luca Landoni Alessandro Esposito Luca Casetti Giuseppe Malleo Giovanni Marchegiani Massimiliano Tuveri Enrico Marrano Laura Maggino Erica Secchettin Deborah Bonamini Claudio Bassi Roberto Salvia | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，17： | 2 |
| 2 | Polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark with anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities显示文摘The present study was designed to characterize the polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark crude extract(B) and fractions(B1-B7) obtained by high-speed counter-current chromatography(HSCCC) and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzymes(α-glucosidase and α-amylase) inhibitory activities. Fractions B4, B5, B6, B7(total phenolics 850.3, 983.0, 843.9, and 572.5 mg·g^(-1)), respectively; proanthocyanidins 75.7, 90.5, 95.0, and 44.8 mg·g^(-1)), respectively) showed significant activities against reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide(NO) production, and expression of pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the extracts suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, two primary enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion. A. mearnsii bark samples possessed significantly stronger inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase enzyme(IC_(50) of 0.4-1.4 μg·mL^(-1)) than the pharmaceutical acarbose(IC_(50) 141.8 μg·mL^(-1))). B6 and B7(IC_(50) 17.6 and 11.7 μg·mL^(-1), respectively) exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity as efficacious as acarbose(IC_(50) 15.4 μg·mL^(-1))). Moreover, B extract, at 25 μg·mL^(-1), significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst that is often associated with inflammatory response in human monocytic macrophages. | XIONG Jia GRACE Mary H ESPOSITO Debora KOMARNYTSKY Slavko WANG Fei LILA Mary Ann | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2017，15，11： | 1 |
| 3 | Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE2 signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages显示文摘Background: Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2(supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE2 effects merits investigation.Methods: Day-old pigs(n = 60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21 d(n = 20/diet), and received either a control diet(CON, arachidonate = 0.5% of total fatty acids), an arachidonate(ARA)-enriched diet(LC n-6,ARA = 2.2%), or an eicosapentaenoic(EPA)-enriched diet(LC n-3, EPA = 3.0%). Alveolar macrophages and lung parenchymal tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. Isolated alveolar macrophages were stimulated with LPS in situ for 24 h, and m RNA was isolated to assess markers associated with inflammation and eicosanoid production.Culture media were collected to assess PGE2 secretion. Oxidative burst in macrophages was measured by: 1)oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification(via Seahorse), 2) cytoplasmic oxidation and 3) nitric oxide production following 4, 18, and 24 h of LPS stimulation.Results: Concentration of ARA(% of fatty acids, w/w) in macrophages from pigs fed LC n-6 was 86% higher than CON and 18% lower in pigs fed LC n-3(P < 0.01). Following LPS stimulation, abundance of COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA(P < 0.0001), and PGE2 secretion(P < 0. 01) were higher in LC n-6 PAM vs. CON. However, ALOX5 abundance was1.6-fold lower than CON. Macrophages from CON and LC n-6 groups were 4-fold higher in ALOX12/15 abundance(P < 0.0001) compared to LC n-3. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates increased over 4 h following LPS stimulation(P < 0.05) regardless of treatment. Similarly, increases in cytoplasmic oxidation(P < 0.001)and nitric oxide production(P < 0.002) were observed after 18 h of LPS stimulation but were unaffected by diet.Conclusions: We infer that enriching diets with arachidonic acid may be an effective means to enhance a stronger innate immunologic response to respiratory challenges in neonatal pigs. However, further work is needed to examine long-term safety, clinical efficacy and economic viability. | Kathleen R.Walter Xi Lin Sheila K.Jacobi Tobias Kaser Debora Esposito Jack Odle | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，2： | 1 |
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