| 2 | Genome-wide association study of 23 f lowering phenology traits and 4 f loral agronomic traits in tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) reveals five genes known to regulate f lowering time显示文摘Tree peony is a unique traditional f lower in China,with large,fragrant,and colorful f lowers.However,a relatively short and concentrated f lowering period limits the applications and production of tree peony.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted to accelerate molecular breeding for the improvement of f lowering phenology traits and ornamental phenotypes in tree peony.A diverse panel of 451 tree peony accessions was phenotyped for 23 f lowering phenology traits and 4 f loral agronomic traits over 3 years.Genotyping by sequencing(GBS)was used to obtain a large number of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(107050)for the panel genotypes,and 1047 candidate genes were identified by association mapping.Eighty-two related genes were observed during at least 2 years for f lowering,and seven SNPs repeatedly identified for multiple f lowering phenology traits over multiple years were highly significantly associated with five genes known to regulate f lowering time.We validated the temporal expression profiles of these candidate genes and highlighted their possible roles in the regulation of f lower bud differentiation and f lowering time in tree peony.This study shows that GWAS based on GBS can be used to identify the genetic determinants of complex traits in tree peony.The results expand our understanding of f lowering time control in perennial woody plants.Identification of markers closely related to these f lowering phenology traits can be used in tree peony breeding programs for important agronomic traits. | Yuying Li Lili Guo Zhanying Wang Dehui Zhao Dalong Guo John E.Carlson Weilun Yin Xiaogai Hou | 2023 | Horticulture Research2023，10，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Citizen science reporting indicates geographic and phenotypic drivers of road use and mortality in a threatened rattlesnake显示文摘Roads may influence the selection of phenotypic traits of wildlife.In particular,the likelihood of vehicle collisions with wildlife may vary depending on body coloration in contrast to the road,which may be exaggerated by cultural attitudes toward the species.The timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus is a threatened species that varies widely in coloration,and their color pattern could influence thermoregulatory use of roads and visibility to motorists.Moreover,better-camouflaged snakes may have higher road mortality in areas where environmental interest is lower and,perhaps,negative attitudes toward wildlife are more prevalent.We used citizen scientist observations of timber rattlesnakes from iNaturalist and categorized for each rattlesnake the surface they were on,its color pattern,and whether they were alive.We combined iNaturalist data with Google Trends data to characterize regional variation in environmental interest.We discovered that lighter-colored snakes were more likely to be found on roads,as were snakes further south,west,and on warmer days.Once on a road,coloration did not influence survival regardless of road type or environmental interest.However,snakes on asphalt roads or on southern roads were more likely to be found dead.The higher likelihood of lighter-colored snakes being found on roads suggests that they are at a greater overall risk of road death,potentially selecting for darker coloration.Citizen scientist behavior may at least partly underlie the influence of latitude on the results,however,and further work in the application of citizen science data to such research questions is warranted. | Chaz Rhodes Willard Haunfelder Bradley E.Carlson | 2023 | Current Zoology2023，69，3： | 0 |
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