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    题名 作者 年代 出处 被引量
1GRADE:证据质量和推荐强度分级的共识显示文摘GRADE工作组致中国读者:推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GRADE)工作组已取得长足进步。我们制定了系列指南文件,除发表文章外,该非正式组织已经发展成为一个评价证据、转化卫生保健领域知识用以指导决策者的智囊团。80余位国际专家研究和制定了该评价系统。正如其他科学一样,证据评价和指南制定科学不会停滞不前。经过十年发展,GRADE的工作将借助中国Cochrane中心的推广在中国的卫生保健领域更加广为人知。GRADE工作组的成员期待与中国的指南制定组织、方法学家、临床医生和决策者合作,实现我们的共同目标:人人享有更好的卫生保健。中国Cochrane中心翻译GRADE工作组在BMJ上发表的系列文章,是朝这个方向迈出的重要一步,也是对下一步在中国推广GRADE工作的直接贡献。感兴趣的读者可登录我们的网站www.gradeworkinggroup.org和在以下网址获取我们的软件GRADEprohttp://gffzz73f9075754ca43bbhb5ubxf6qwqp969fp.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn.Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Gunn E Vist Regina Kunz Yngve Falck-Ytter Pablo Alonso-Coello Holger J Schünemann GRADE工作组 陈佩贤 陈耀龙 李幼平 2009中国循证医学杂志2009,9,1:60
2MicroRNA-34a inhibits glioblastoma growth by targeting multiple oncogenes显示文摘Li Y Guessous F Zhang Y Dipierro C Kefas B Johnson E Marcinkiewicz L Jiang J Yang Y Schmittgen TD Lopes B Schiff D Purow B Abounader R 2009中国神经肿瘤杂志2009,7,4:56
3Pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice显示文摘Despite advances in preoperative evaluation and postoperative care, intervention, especially surgery, for relief of obstructive jaundice still carries high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to sepsis and renal dysfunction. The key event in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-associated complications is endotoxemia of gut origin because of intestinal barrier failure. This breakage of the gut barrier in obstructive jaundice is multi-factorial, involving disruption of the immunologic, biological and mechanical barrier. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that obstructive jaundice results in increased intestinal permeability. The mechanisms implicated in this phenomenon remain unresolved, but growing research interest during the last decade has shed light in our knowledge in the field. This review summarizes the current concepts in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-induced gut barrier dysfunction, analyzing pivotal factors, such as altered intestinal tight junctions expression, oxidative stress and imbalance of enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Clinicians handling patients with obstructive jaundice should not neglect protecting the intestinal barrier function before, during and after intervention for the relief of this condition, which may improve their patients’ outcome.Stelios F Assimakopoulos Chrisoula D Scopa Constantine E Vagianos 2007World Journal of Gastroenterology2007,13,48:48
4欧洲早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征防治共识指南(2013版)显示文摘本次指南更新包括了自2010年以来Cochrane系统评价和医学文献中的最新证据,并采纳了一种新的证据评估分级系统(GRADE)。以往关于早期肺表面活性物质和持续气道正压通气治疗的推荐目前拥有了更坚定的循证依据。对产房复苏、稳定生命体征等内容进行了较大扩充。生命体征稳定后的氧疗目前仍存在一定的争议,但是在获得更多的证据之前,血氧饱和度的目标范围不应低于90%,支持治疗对于超早早产儿仍然极为重要。指南对其他注意事项进行了缩减。Sweet D Carnielli V Greisen G Hallman M Ozek E Plavka R Saugstad OD Simeoni U Speer CP Halliday HL 王敏婕 袁琳 陈超 2014中华儿科杂志2014,52,10:34
5GRADE:从证据到推荐显示文摘GRADE系统将指南中的推荐分为强弱两级。本文旨在探索这种分级的含义及对患者、临床医生、政策制定者各自的意义。Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Regina Kunz Yngve Falck-Ytter Gunn E Vist Alessandro Liberati Holger J Schünemann 谭培勇 陈耀龙 李幼平 2009中国循证医学杂志2009,9,3:26
6大型水库对长江上游主要干支流河流输沙量的影响显示文摘本文阐明了大型水库的拦沙和滞洪削减洪峰,降低挟沙能力的减沙机制,给出了大型水库下游河流输沙量时空变化的坝下河段无泥沙补给、少量泥沙补给和有大量泥沙补给三种模式。在此基础上,通过水库修建前后下游河流水沙变化的对比分析,认为大型电站水库的修建是20世纪80年代以来乌江、90年代以来金沙江、嘉陵江输沙减少和70年代以来岷江输沙波动的重要驱动力。宜昌站1992-2002年期间的输沙量比1956-1992年期间减少28.2%,主要归功于嘉陵江来沙减少和1998年以后的金沙江来沙减少;2003-2007年期间的输沙量又比1992-2002年期间减少82.2%,主要归功于三峡水库的蓄水拦沙。张信宝 文安邦 D E Walling 吕喜玺 2011泥沙研究2011,36,4:25
7OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GeO_2 AND Ge NANOCRYSTALS显示文摘he co m pound m aterial of n m size particles Ge O2 Si O2 w as synthesied through hydrolysis of Si( O C2 H4) and Ge Cl4 . A heat treatm ent w as carried out for the sa m ples at 100 ~1200 ℃in air . Its optical property w as deter mined by U V Vis spectur m . We have found that theabsorption edge of spectru m shifted progressively to longer w avelengths . The quantu m size ef fect of nanocrystals appears because crystals gro w and energy of optical band gap reduces d ueto the influence of te m perature . By the analysis of X ray diffraction w e have observed theprocess in w hich the structure of particles changed fro m disorder into order .Y.H.Zhou 1) ,Y.Y.Feng 2) and H.Y.Lu 2) 1)Department of Physics Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097,China 2)Physics and Ch寁O P T I C A L P R O P E R T I E S O F Ge O2 A N D Ge N A N O C R Y S T A L S Y. H. Zhou1) , Y. Y. Feng2) 1999Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999,12,5:22
8珠江、流溪河大型底栖动物分布和氮磷因子的相关分析显示文摘采用Anova、多重比较并t检验的方法来比较氮、磷因子和大型底栖动物在 3个河段 (流溪河、珠江西航道及前航道 )的显著性差异分布及它们之间的相关。结果显示 ,主要污染物均为NH+4 -N ,均高出国家地表水水质V级标准。前航道NO-3 -N和NO-2 -N含量最低 ,硝化作用和河流自净作用大大地降低。PO3-4 -P也是前航道、西航道的污染因子。NH+4 -N和PO3-4 -P不是生物分布的限制因子 ,底栖动物计数和河流底层的NO-3-N ,NO-2 -N呈显著负相关关系。必须进行氮和磷的污染控制及治理 ,才可能提高河流底栖动物多样性 ,提高生态环境质量。刘玉 VERMAAT J E RUYTER E D de KRUIJF H A M de 2003中山大学学报(自然科学版)2003,42,1:22
9Experimental obstructive jaundice alters claudin-4 expression in intestinal mucosa: Effect of bombesin and neurotensin显示文摘瞄准:调查试验性的妨碍的黄疸和外长的 bombesin 和 neurotensin (NT )(BBS ) 的影响紧密的连接(TJ ) 的表示上的管理在老鼠的肠上皮的蛋白质 claudin-4。方法:四十只男 Wistar 老鼠随机被划分成五个组:我 = 控制, II = 假冒操作, III = 胆汁管结扎(BDL ) , IV = BDL+BBS (30 microg/kg 每 d ) , V = BDL+NT (300 microg/kg 每 d ) 。在 d 的实验的结束 10,内毒素在门和大动脉的血被测量。终端回肠的织物节组织学地被检验并且免疫组织化学地为在肠上皮的 claudin-4 表示的评估。结果:妨碍的黄疸导致了重要的门和大动脉的 endotoxemia 表明的肠的障碍失败。Claudin-4 表示显著地被增加在上面在 jaundiced 老鼠的第三根绒毛并且一起来它的侧面的分发的规定被注意。BBS 或 NT 的管理恢复了 claudin-4 表示到控制状态并且显著地减少了门和大动脉的 endotoxemia。结论:在肠上皮的试验性的妨碍的黄疸增加 claudin-4 表示,它可以是贡献粘膜障碍的混乱的一个关键因素。毁坏规章的肽 BBS, NT 能阻止这扇改变和还原剂门和全身的 endotoxemia。Stelios F Assimakopoulos Constantine E Vagianos Aristides S Charonis Ilias H Alexandris Iris Spiliopoulou Konstantinos C Thomopoulos Vassiliki N Nikolopoulou Chrisoula D Scopa 2006World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,21:21
10Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content显示文摘Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions.Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise Thomas Jimmy D Bell Desmond G Johnston Simon D Taylor-Robinson 2008World Journal of Gastroenterology2008,14,22:21
11世界卫生组织(WHO)造血与淋巴组织肿瘤分类方案:临床顾问委员会会议报告显示文摘引言 :从 1995年开始 ,欧洲病理学工作者协会和血液病理学会一直致力于制定一个新的世界卫生组织 (WHO)血液恶性肿瘤分类方案 ,该分类方案包括淋巴系肿瘤、髓系肿瘤、组织细胞肿瘤和肥大细胞肿瘤。 材料与方法 :此项 WHO计划共组成十个病理学工作者委员会 ,负责确定病种和作出定义。另外还成立一个由国际血液学家和肿瘤学家组成的临床顾问委员会 (CAC)以保证该分类的临床实用性。 1997年 11月召开会议讨论了与该分类有关的临床问题。 结果 :WHO采纳了 1994年国际淋巴瘤研究组 (IL SG)报告的修订欧美淋巴系肿瘤分类 (REAL)方案作为淋巴系肿瘤的分类方案。该方案的分类方法遵循以下原则 :分类应是联合应用形态学、免疫表型、遗传特征及临床特征能够清楚界定的“真实存在”(“real”)病种的名录 ,上述各项特征的相对重要性因病种不同而异 ,不存在任何“金标准”。 WHO将 REAL分类原则延用于髓系肿瘤和组织细胞肿瘤 ,髓系肿瘤的分类包括联合应用细胞形态学和细胞遗传学异常能够界定的各个病种。围绕一系列临床问题召集的这次 CAC会议 ,就提交的大多数问题达成共识 ,这些问题及共识将详述于下。对于另外一些问题 ,CAC认为淋巴系肿瘤临床分组既无必要也不必需 ,患者的治疗取决于淋巴瘤的具体类型 ,如有?N L Harris E S Jaffe J Diebold G Flandrin H K Muller-Hermelink J Vardiman T A Lister C D Bloomfield 张凤奎 郝玉书 2001白血病.淋巴瘤2001,10,3:20
12不同品种蓝莓提取物抗氧化作用的研究显示文摘本实验以蓝莓甲醇提取物为研究对象,在测定其提取物中总酚酸含量的基础上,利用体外法研究了蓝莓提取物的对DPPH自由基的抑制作用以及对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。结果表明,四个品种的蓝莓甲醇提取物均有显著的抗氧化性,呈剂量效应关系,酚酸含量、抗氧化能力之间呈正相关。孙波 BEKHIT A E D 王坤波 MSAON S L 2007食品科学2007,28,10:19
13恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤和细胞性神经鞘瘤的形态学和免疫表型特征显示文摘细胞性神经鞘瘤较为少见,是一种公认的良性外周神经鞘膜肿瘤,可被误诊为恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤。为制定一个细胞性神经鞘瘤诊断共识标准,作者回顾性分析来自两家医学机构的115例恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤和26例细胞性神经鞘瘤的临床病理学特征。Pekmezci M Reuss D E Hirbe A C 李晓玲 王行富 2015临床与实验病理学杂志2015,31,4:19
14延胡索酸水合酶缺陷型肾细胞癌32例临床病理和分子分析显示文摘延胡索酸水合酶缺陷型肾细胞癌属于罕见的、新近发现的与遗传性平滑肌瘤病和肾细胞癌综合征相关的肿瘤实体。延胡索酸水合酶缺陷型肾细胞癌可表现出多种临床和病理学表现,但通常表现为局部进展和转移性疾病,预后较差。作者通过延胡索酸水合酶免疫组化和(或)延胡索酸水合酶突变分析确定32例延胡索酸水合酶缺陷型肾细胞癌,并对其临床和病理特征进行回顾性分析。Lau H D Chan E Fan A C 魏建国(摘译) 方三高(审校) 2020临床与实验病理学杂志2020,36,3:19
15Long acting octreotide in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer and overexpression of somatostatin receptors: Randomized placebo-controlled trial显示文摘AIM: To estimate if and to what extent long acting octreotide (LAR) improves survival and quality of life in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 127 cirrhotics, stages A-B, due to chronic viral infections and with advanced HCC, were enrolled in the study. Scintigraphy with 111Indium labeled octreotide was performed in all cases. The patients with increased accumulation of radionuclear compound were randomized to receive either oral placebo only or octreotide/octreotide LAR only as follows: octreotide 0.5mg s.c. every 8 h for 6 wk, at the end of wk 4-8 octreotide LAR 20 mg i.m. and at the end of wk 12 and every 4 wk octreotide LAR 30mg i.m.. Follow-up was worked out monthly as well as the estimation of quality of life (QLQ-C30 questionnaire). Patients with negative somatostatin receptors (SSTR) detection were followed up in the same manner. RESULTS: Scintigraphy demonstrated SSTR in 61 patients. Thirty were randomized to receive only placebo and 31 only octreotide. A significantly higher survival time was observed for the octreotide group (49 ± 6 wk) as compared to the control group (28 ± 1 wk) and to the SSTR negative group (28 ± 2 wk), LR = 20.39, df = 2, P < 0.01. The octreotide group presented 68.5% lower hazard ratio [95% CI (47.4%-81.2%)]. During the f irst year, a 22%, 39% and 43% decrease in the QLQ-C30 score was observed in each group respectively.CONCLUSION: The proposed therapeutic approach has shown to improve the survival and quality of life in SSTR positive patients with advanced HCC.D Dimitroulopoulos D Xinopoulos K Tsamakidis A Zisimopoulos E Andriotis D Panagiotakos A Fotopoulou C Chrysohoou A Bazinis D Daskalopoulou E Paraskevas 2007World Journal of Gastroenterology2007,13,23:18
16E2 enzymes: more than just middle men显示文摘Mikaela D Stewart Tobias Rltterhoff Rachel E Klevit Peter S Brzovic 2016Cell Research2016,26,4:17
17ISO_BMWP底栖动物监测法在中国河流有机污染评价中的修正及应用显示文摘河流有机污染是我国目前特别严重的环境污染问题之一。可以采用化学或生物监测的方法进行评价。首次采用大型底栖动物BMWP(BiologicalMonitoringWorkingParty)系统方法,对广州珠江前航道、西航道和流溪河下游段共3个河段进行有机污染生物监测评价。结果显示:底栖动物在3河段间分布确有显著性差异,根据修正的BMWP分数可以判断流溪河水质相对较好,水质级别相应于中国地表水环境质量标准Ⅳ~Ⅴ级,西航道和前航道水质级别均为Ⅴ级。通过测试这一方法能成功地应用在珠江及流溪河,且修正后的ISO_BMWP法可以较好地匹配于我国地表水5级评价系统,因此,初步认为修正后的ISO_BMWP系统可以成为一个和化学监测互补的好方法,从而应用于中国河流的生物监测评价。刘玉 VERMAAT J E RUYTER E D de KRUIJF H A M de 2004中山大学学报(自然科学版)2004,43,4:15
18有效的继续医学教育活动:提高医生实践水平改善患者临床疗效显示文摘政府、公众和医疗机构都认为,医疗卫生人员有义务和责任保持自己的医疗水平,提高患者的医疗保健服务质量。美国国家医学研究所(the Institute of Medicine)、美国毕业后医学教育认证委员会(the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education)和美国医学专科委员会(the American Board of Medical Specialties)规定了医疗卫生人员的必备技能,如患者诊疗、医学知识、以实践为基础的学习、改善人际交往和沟通能力、专业性和以系统为基础的实践等。并建议各医学院校的教学课程、医院的住院医师培训项目以及继续医学教育活动都应围绕医疗卫生人员的这些必备技能来设计教学内容。Regnier K Kopelow M Lane D Alden E 2012中国继续医学教育2012,4,2:15
19Effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically-ventilated patients显示文摘瞄准:在机械地通气的病人在胃的食道的倒流(GER ) 上调查经皮的内视镜的胃造口术(木钉) 的效果。方法:在未来的、使随机化的、控制研究有周期性或坚持的联系通风机的肺病(VAP ) 和 GER > 的 36 个病人 6% 被划分成木钉组(n = 16 ) 或非木钉组(n = 20 ) 。11 通气了没有倒流的病人(GER < 3%) 用作控制组。食道的 pH-metry 被执行由在基线“渡过”方法,在木钉以后的 2 和 7 d。病人们严格地被跟随在上面为胃的滋养的残余的半侧卧的位置和控制。结果:median (范围)的重要减少倒流从 7.8 在木钉组被观察( 6.2 - 15.6 )在到 2.7 的基线( 0 - 10.4 )在 d 上 7 post-gastrostomy ( P < 0.01 ),当倒流从 9 增加了时( 6.2 - 22 )到 10.8 ( 6.3 - 36.6 )( P < 0.01 )在非木钉组。在 GER (%) 和 nasogastric 试管的停留之间的重要关联被检测(r = 0.56, P < 0.01 ) 。结论:胃造口术什么时候与滋养的胃的残余的半侧卧的位置和缺席结合了,在通气病人减少胃的食道的倒流。Emmanuel E Douzinas Andreas Tsapalos Antonios Dimitrakopoulos Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis Alexandros D Rapidis Charis Roussos 2006World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,1:15
20幽门螺杆菌感染处理的当前观念——MaastrichtⅢ共识报告显示文摘名词缩写欧洲幽门螺杆菌研究小组:European Helicobacter Study Group,EHSG胃食管反流病:gastro-esophageal reflux disease。P Malfertheiner F Megraud C O'Morain F Bazzoli E El-Omar D Graham R Hunt T Rokkas N Vakil EJ Kuipers 朱琦 2007胃肠病学2007,12,3:15
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