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| 1 | Early diabetic neuropathy:Triggers and mechanisms显示文摘Peripheral neuropathy, and specifically distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN), is one of the most frequent and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. It is the major reason for morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. It is also frequently associated with debilitating pain. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the natural history and pathogenesis of this disease remains limited. For a long time hyperglycemia was viewed as a major, if not the sole factor, responsible for all symptomatic presenta- tions of DPN. Multiple clinical observations and animal studies supported this view. The control of blood glu- cose as an obligatory step of therapy to delay or reverse DPN is no longer an arguable issue. However, while supporting evidence for the glycemic hypothesis has ac- cumulated, multiple controversies accumulated as well. It is obvious now that DPN cannot be fully understood without considering factors besides hyperglycemia. Some symptoms of DPN may develop with little, if any, cor- relation with the glycemic status of a patient. It is also clear that identification of these putative non-glycemic mechanisms of DPN is of utmost importance for our un- derstanding of failures with existing treatments and for the development of new approaches for diagnosis and therapy of DPN. In this work we will review the strengths and weaknesses of the glycemic hypothesis, focusing on clinical and animal data and on the pathogenesis of early stages and triggers of DPN other than hyperglycemia. | Maxim Dobretsov Dmitry Romanovsky Joseph R Stimers | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，2： | 55 |
| 2 | Recent Progress on Fabrications and Applications of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials:A Review显示文摘Boron nitride(BN) nanostructures with complementary functions to their carbon counterparts are one of the most intriguing nanomaterials.Here we devote a compact review on the syntheses of BN nanomaterials:typical zero-dimensional(OD) fullerenes and nanoparticles,one-dimensional(1D) nanotubes and nanoribbons,two-dimensional(2D) nanosheets as well as three-dimensional(3D) nanoporous BN.Combining low-dimensional quantum confinement and surface effects with unique physical and chemical properties of BN,e.g.excellent electric insulation,wide band gap,and high chemical and thermal stability,BN nanomaterials have drawn particular attention in a variety of potential applications,e.g.luminescence,functional composites,hydrogen accumulators,and advanced insulators,which are also reviewed. | Xiang-Fen Jiang Qunhong Weng Xue-Bin Wang Xia Li Jun Zhang Dmitri Golberg Yoshio Bando | 2015 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2015，31，6： | 23 |
| 3 | 世界大河水沙通量变化趋势研究(英文)显示文摘河流水沙运动是地球化学循环的重要驱动力.本研究基于全球变化背景下的长序列水沙资料,对4307条世界大河(流域面积≥1000 km^2)水-沙通量的9种变化趋势及其成因进行了系统研究.结果表明,全球24%的大河呈现显著的径流变化,但年入海通量基本保持稳定;40%的大河呈现显著的泥沙通量变化,年入海通量下降20.8%;其中,亚洲大型河流的水沙通量下降趋势及南美亚马逊河的悬移质浓度上升趋势尤为突出.总体上,71%的世界大河径流变化与降水密切相关,而泥沙通量变化受大坝运行和灌溉等人类活动影响较大. | 李莉 倪晋仁 常方 岳遥 Natalia Frolova Dmitry Magritsky Alistair GLBorthwick Philippe Ciais 王易初 郑春苗 Desmond E.Walling | 2020 | Science Bulletin2020，65，1： | 23 |
| 4 | 水稻土施硅对土壤-水稻系统中镉的降低效果显示文摘水稻中镉的积累造成人类健康的风险,增加水稻硅素能减轻镉中毒症状,降低稻米镉积累,但是硅对重金属的作用机理尚不清楚。主要研究了在中度和高度镉污染的土壤中,通过施用固态和液态的富硅物质对土壤-水稻系统中镉的吸收和转运的影响,探明决定镉和硅在根与芽的质外体和共质体中的作用机理。试验结果表明:(1)在中度和高度污染的土壤中,镉在土壤-作物系统中的转移和积累情况是不同的,可以通过富硅物质中的单硅酸与镉离子的相互作用,增加镉在硅物质表面的吸附来减少镉在土壤中的流动;(2)富硅物质可以降低水稻根和芽中镉的积累,在高度镉污染的情况下,施用硅可以使镉大量积累在水稻根及其共质体中,并降低根及其共质体中镉的转换和积累;(3)新鲜土壤中水萃取态的单硅酸含量与镉在土壤-作物系统中的流动性、转运以及积累等主要参数密切相关。 | 魏晓 张鹏博 赵丹丹 Elena Bocharnikova Vladimir Matichenkov Demin Dmitry | 2018 | 生态学报2018，38，5： | 21 |
| 5 | Contemporary concepts of the medical therapy of portal hypertension under liver cirrhosis显示文摘Severe complications of liver cirrhosis are mostly related to portal hypertension. At the base of the pathogenesis of portal hypertension is the increase in hepatic vascular resistance to portal blood flow with subsequent development of hyperdynamic circulation, which, despite of the formation of collateral circulation, promotes progression of portal hypertension. An important role in its pathogenesis is played by the rearrangement of vascular bed and angiogenesis. As a result, strategic directions of the therapy of portal hypertension under liver cirrhosis include selectively decreasing hepatic vascular resistance with preserving or increasing portal blood flow, and correcting hyperdynamic circulation and pathological angiogenesis, while striving to reduce the hepatic venous pressure gradient to less than 12 mm Hg or 20% of the baseline. Over the last years, substantial progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of hemodynamic disorders under liver cirrhosis has resulted in the development of new drugs for their correction. Although the majority of them have so far been investigated only in animal experiments, as well as at the molecular and cellular level, it might be expected that the introduction of the new methods in clinical practice will increase the efficacy of the conservative approach to the prophylaxis and treatment of portal hypertension complications. The purpose of the review is to describe the known methods of portal hypertension pharmacotherapy and discuss the drugs that may affect the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of its development. | Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，20： | 18 |
| 6 | Current approaches to the management of patients with cirrhotic ascites显示文摘This review describes current approaches to the management of patients with cirrhotic ascites in relation to the severity of its clinical manifestations. The PubMed database, the Google Scholar retrieval system, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the reference lists from related articles were used to search for relevant publications. Articles corresponding to the aim of the review were selected for 1991-2018 using the keywords:“liver cirrhosis,”“portal hypertension,”“ascites,”“pathogenesis,”“diagnostics,” and “treatment.” Uncomplicated and refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis were the inclusion criteria. The literature analysis has shown that despite the achievements of modern hepatology, the presence of ascites is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. The key to successful management of patients with ascites may be the stratification of the risk of an adverse outcome and personalized therapy. Pathogenetically based approach to the choice of pharmacotherapy and optimization of minimally invasive methods of treatment may improve the quality of life and increase the survival rate of this category of patients. | Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Nikolay Olegovich Arefyev | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，28： | 15 |
| 7 | Antiangiogenic therapy for portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis: Current progress and perspectives显示文摘Developing medicines for hemodynamic disorders that are characteristic of cirrhosis of the liver is a relevant problem in modern hepatology. The increase in hepatic vascular resistance to portal blood flow and subsequent hyperdynamic circulation underlie portal hypertension(PH) and promote its progression, despite the formation of portosystemic collaterals. Angiogenesis and vascular bed restructurization play an important role in PH pathogenesis as well. In this regard, strategic directions in the therapy for PH in cirrhosis include selectively decreasing hepatic vascular resistance while preserving or increasing portal blood flow, and correcting hyperdynamic circulation and pathological angiogenesis. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms of angiogenesis in PH and the methods of antiangiogenic therapy. The Pub Med database, the Google Scholar retrieval system, and the reference lists from related articles were used to search for relevant publications. Articles corresponding to the aim of the review were selected for 2000-2017 using the keywords: 'liver cirrhosis', 'portal hypertension', 'pathogenesis', 'angiogenesis', and 'antiangiogenic therapy'. Antiangiogenic therapy for PH was the inclusion criterion. In this review, we have described angiogenesis inhibitors and their mechanism of action in relation to PH. Although most of them were studie donly in animal experiments, this selective therapy for abnormally growing newly formed vessels is pathogenetically reasonable to treat PH and associated complications. | Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Nikolay Olegovich Arefyev Evgeniy Leonidovich Kazachkov | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，33： | 13 |
| 8 | Role of the Ilizarov non-free bone plasty in the management of long bone defects and nonunion: Problems solved and unsolved显示文摘BACKGROUND Ilizarov non-free bone plasty is a method of distraction osteogenesis using the Ilizarov apparatus for external fixation which originated in Russia and was disseminated across the world. It has been used in long bone defect and nonunion management along with free vascularized grafting and induced membrane technique. However, the shortcomings and problems of these methods still remain the issues which restrict their overall use.AIM To study the recent available literature on the role of Ilizarov non-free bone plasty in long bone defect and nonunion management, its problems and the solutions to these problems in order to achieve better treatment outcomes.METHODS Three databases(Pub Med, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for literature sources on distraction osteogenesis, free vascularized grafting and induced membrane technique used in long bone defect and nonunion treatment within a five-year period(2015-2019). Full-text clinical articles in the English language were selected for analysis only if they contained treatment results,complications and described large patient samples(not less than ten cases for congenital, post-tumor resection cases or rare conditions, and more than 20 cases for the rest). Case reports were excluded.RESULTS Fifty full-text articles and reviews on distraction osteogenesis were chosen.Thirty-five clinical studies containing large series of patients treated with this method and problems with its outcome were analyzed. It was found that distraction osteogenesis techniques provide treatment for segmental bone defects and nonunion of the lower extremity in many clinical situations, especially in complex problems. The Ilizarov techniques treat the triad of problems simultaneously(bone loss, soft-tissue loss and infection). Management of tibial defects mostly utilizes the Ilizarov circular fixator. Monolateral fixators are preferable in the femur. The use of a ring fixator is recommended in patients with an infected tibial bone gap of more than 6 cm. High rates of successful treatment were reported by the authors that ranged from 77% to 100% and depended on the pathology and the type of Ilizarov technique used. Hybrid fixation and autogenous grafting are the most applicable solutions to avoid after-frame regenerate fracture or deformity and docking site nonunion.CONCLUSION The role of Ilizarov non-free bone plasty has not lost its significance in the treatment of segmental bone defects despite the shortcomings and treatment problems encountered. | Dmitry Y Borzunov Sergei N Kolchin Tatiana A Malkova | 2020 | World Journal of Orthopedics2020，11，6： | 13 |
| 9 | Mechanisms of adaptation of the hepatic vasculature to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation in liver cirrhosis显示文摘Pub Med, EMBASE, Orphanet, MIDLINE, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published between 1983 and 2015. Relevant articles were selected by using the following terms: 'Liver cirrhosis', 'Endothelial dysfunction', 'Sinusoidal remodeling', 'Intrahepatic angiogenesis' and 'Pathogenesis of portal hypertension'. Then the reference lists of identified articles were searched for other relevant publications as well. Besides gross hepatic structural disorders related to diffuse fibrosis and formation of regenerative nodules, the complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis also play important roles in hemodynamic disturbances in liver cirrhosis. It is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and impaired paracrine interaction between activated stellate hepatocytes and sinusoidal endotheliocytes, sinusoidal remodeling and capillarization, as well as development of the collateral microcirculation. In spite of the fact that complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis in liver cirrhosis are the compensatory-adaptive reaction to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation, they contribute to progression of disease and development of serious complications, in particular, related to portal hypertension.Pub Med,EMBASE,Orphanet,MIDLINE,Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published between 1983 and 2015.Relevant articles were selected by using the following terms:'Liver cirrhosis','Endothelial dysfunction','Sinusoidal remodeling','Intrahepatic angiogenesis'and'Pathogenesis of portal hypertension'.Then the reference lists of identified articles were searched for other relevant publications as well.Besides gross hepatic structural disorders related to diffuse fibrosis and formation of regenerative nodules,the complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis also play important roles in hemodynamic disturbances in liver cirrhosis.It is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and impaired paracrine interaction between activated stellate hepatocytes and sinusoidal endotheliocytes,sinusoidal remodeling and capillarization,as well as development of the collateral microcirculation.In spite of the fact that complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis in liver cirrhosis are the compensatory-adaptive reaction to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation,they contribute to progression of disease and development of serious complications,in particular,related to portal hypertension. | Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Nikolay Olegovich Arefyev Dmitry Vladimirovich Belov | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，16： | 11 |
| 10 | Emodin alleviates cardiac fibrosis by suppressing activation of cardiac fibroblasts via upregulating metastasis associated protein 3显示文摘Excess activation of cardiac fibroblasts inevitably induces cardiac fibrosis. Emodin has been used as a natural medicine against several chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of emodin on cardiac fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Intragastric administration of emodin markedly decreased left ventricular wall thickness in a mouse model of pathological cardiac hypertrophy with excess fibrosis induced by transaortic constriction(TAC) and suppressed activation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II(AngII). Emodin upregulated expression of metastasis associated protein 3(MTA3) and restored the MTA3 expression in the setting of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, overexpression of MTA3 promoted cardiac fibrosis;in contrast, silence of MTA3 abrogated the inhibitory effect of emodin on fibroblast activation. Our findings unraveled the potential of emodin to alleviate cardiac fibrosis via upregulating MTA3 and highlight the regulatory role of MTA3 in the development of cardiac fibrosis. | Dan Xiao Yue Zhang Rui Wang Yujie Fu Tong Zhou Hongtao Diao Zhixia Wang Yuan Lin Zhange Li Lin Wen Xujuan Kang Philipp Kopylov Dmitri Shchekochikhin Yong Zhang Baofeng Yang | 2019 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2019，9，4： | 11 |
| 11 | Predicting anatomical results of surgical treatment of idiopathic macular hole显示文摘AIM: To determine the parameters most informative in predicting the anatomical results of surgical treatment of idiopathic full-thickness macular hole(IMH).·METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two consecutive patients(170 eyes) after primary operation for IMH were enrolled. Outcomes were classified as anatomical success when both IMH closure and restoration of the outer retinal structure were achieved. 'Prospective' group included 108 patients(115 eyes) followed with optical coherence tomography(OCT) and microperimetry for 1y after surgery. Potential prognostic criteria, except microperimetry data, were tested in 'retrospective' group(54 patients, 55 eyes). Prognostic value of each parameter was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis. Combined predictive power of the best prognostic parameters was tested with the use of linear discriminant analysis.·RESULTS: IMH closure was achieved in 106 eyes(92%)in the prospective group and 49 eyes(89%) in the retrospective group. Despite anatomical closure, the outer retinal structure was not restored in two eyes in the first group and in one eye in the second group.Preoperative central subfield retinal thickness demonstrated the best discriminatory capability between eyes with anatomical success and failure: area under the ROC-curve(AUC) 0.938(95% CI: 0.881-0.995), sensitivity64% at fixed specificity 95%(cut-off value 300 μm) in the prospective group; sensitivity 57% and specificity 90% in the retrospective group. Other continuous parameters except tractional hole index(AUC: 0.796, 95% CI: 0.591-1.000) had significantly lower AUCs(P <0.05). The best combination of the parameters, established by discriminant analysis in the prospective group, could not confirm its predictive value in the retrospective group.· CONCLUSION: Preoperative central subfield retinalthickness is a strong and probably the best predictor of anatomical results of IMH surgical treatment. | Alexander A.Shpak Dmitry O.Shkvorchenko Ilias Kh.Sharafetdinov Olga A.Yukhanova | 2016 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2016，9，2： | 10 |
| 12 | Hepatic hydrothorax:An update and review of the literature显示文摘This review considers the modern concepts of pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatment principles of hepatic hydrothorax(HH).HH is the excessive(>500 mL)accumulation of transudate in the pleural cavity in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis but without cardiopulmonary and pleural diseases.It causes respiratory failure which aggravates the clinical course of liver cirrhosis,and the emergence of spontaneous bacterial pleural empyema may be the cause of death.The information was collected from the PubM ed database,the Google Scholar retrieval system,the Cochrane reviews,and the reference lists from relevant publications for 1994-2016 using the keywords:'liver cirrhosis','portal hypertension','hepatic hydrothorax','pathogenesis','diagnostics',and'treatment'.To limit the scope of this review,only articles dealing with uncomplicated hydrothorax in patients with liver cirrhosis were included.The analysis of the data showed that despite the progress of modern hepatology,the presence of HH is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality.Most patients suffering from it are candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation.In routine clinical practice,stratification of the risk for an adverse outcome and the subsequent determination of individual therapeutic strategies may be the keys to the successful management of the patient’s condition.The development of pathogenetic pharmacotherapy and optimization of minimally invasive treatment will improve the quality of life and increase the survival rate among patients with HH. | Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Nikolay Olegovich Arefyev | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，31： | 10 |
| 13 | International recognition of the Ilizarov bone reconstruction techniques: Current practice and research (dedicated to 100th birthday of G. A. Ilizarov)显示文摘The Ilizarov method is one of the current methods used in bone reconstruction.It originated in the middle of the past century and comprises a number of bone reconstruction techniques executed with a ring external fixator developed by Ilizarov GA.Its main merits are viable new bone formation through distraction osteogenesis,high union rates and functional use of the limb throughout the course of treatment.The study of the phenomenon of distraction osteogenesis induced by tension stress with the Ilizarov apparatus was the impetus for advancement in bone reconstruction surgery.Since then,the original method has been used along with a number of its modifications developed due to emergence of new fixation devices and techniques of their application such as hexapod external fixators and motorized intramedullary lengthening nails.They gave rise to a relatively new orthopedic subspecialty termed“limb lengthening and reconstruction surgery”.Based on a comprehensive literature search,we summarized the recent clinical practice and research in bone reconstruction by the Ilizarov method with a special focus on its modification and recognition by the world orthopedic community.The international influence of the Ilizarov method was reviewed in regard to the origin country of the authors and journal’s rating.The Ilizarov method and other techniques based on distraction osteogenesis have been used in many countries and on all populated continents.It proves its international significance and confirms the greatest contribution of Ilizarov GA to bone reconstruction surgery. | Tatiana A Malkova Dmitry Y Borzunov | 2021 | World Journal of Orthopedics2021，12，8： | 8 |
| 14 | Physical rehabilitation for lung transplant candidates and recipients: An evidence-informed clinical approach显示文摘Physical rehabilitation of lung transplant candidates and recipients plays an important in optimizing physical function prior to transplant and facilitating recovery of function post-transplant. As medical and surgical interventions in lung transplantation have evolved over time, there has been a demographic shift of individuals undergoing lung transplantation including older individuals, those with multiple co-morbidites, and candidates with respiratory failure requiring bridging to transplantation. These changes have an impact on the rehabilitation needs of lung transplant candidates and recipients. This review provides a practical approach to rehabilitation based on research and clinical practice at our transplant centre. It focuses on functional assessment and exercise prescription during an uncomplicated and complicated clinical course in the pre-transplant, early and late post-transplant periods. The target audience includes clinicians involved in pre- and posttransplant patient care and rehabilitation researchers. | Lisa Wickerson Dmitry Rozenberg Tania Janaudis-Ferreira Robin Deliva Vincent Lo Gary Beauchamp Denise Helm Chaya Gottesman Polyana Mendes Luciana Vieira Margaret Herridge Lianne G Singer Sunita Mathur | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，3： | 8 |
| 15 | The role of epigenetic inactivation of 14-3-3σ in human cancer显示文摘Cancer cells show characteristic alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Aberrant CpG methylation of specificpromoters results in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and therefore plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Thep53-regulated gene 14-3-3σ undergoes frequent epigenetic silencing in several types of cancer, including carcinoma ofthe breast, prostate, and skin, suggesting that the loss of 14-3-3σ expression may be causally involved in tumor progression.Functional studies demonstrated that 14-3-3σ is involved in cell-cycle control and prevents the accumulation of chro-mosomal damage. The recent identification of novel 14-3-3σ-associated proteins by a targeted proteomics approachimplies that 14-3-3σ regulates diverse cellular processes, which may become deregulated after silencing of 14-3-3σexpression in cancer cells. | Dmitri LODYGIN Heiko HERMEKING | 2005 | Cell Research2005，15，4： | 8 |
| 16 | Understanding important features of deep learning models for segmentation of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images显示文摘Cutting edge deep learning techniques allow for image segmentation with great speed and accuracy.However,application to problems in materials science is often difficult since these complex models may have difficultly learning meaningful image features that would enable extension to new datasets.In situ electron microscopy provides a clear platform for utilizing automated image analysis.In this work,we consider the case of studying coarsening dynamics in supported nanoparticles,which is important for understanding,for example,the degradation of industrial catalysts.By systematically studying dataset preparation,neural network architecture,and accuracy evaluation,we describe important considerations in applying deep learning to physical applications,where generalizable and convincing models are required.With a focus on unique challenges that arise in high-resolution images,we propose methods for optimizing performance of image segmentation using convolutional neural networks,critically examining the application of complex deep learning models in favor of motivating intentional process design. | James P.Horwath Dmitri N.Zakharov Rémi Mégret Eric A.Stach | 2020 | npj Computational Materials2020，，1： | 8 |
| 17 | Atmosphere-ionosphere response to the M9 Tohoku earthquake revealed by multiinstrument space-borne and ground observations:Preliminary results显示文摘We retrospectively analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of four different physical parameters characterizing the state of the atmosphere and ionosphere several days before the M9 Tohoku,Japan earthquake of March 11,2011.The data include outgoing long wave radiation(OLR),GPS/TEC,lower Earth orbit ionospheric tomography and critical frequency foF2.Our first results show that on March 7th a rapid increase of emitted infrared radiation was observed from the satellite data and an anomaly developed near the epicenter.The GPS/TEC data indicate an increase and variation in electron density reaching a maximum value on March 8.Starting from this day in the lower ionosphere also there was confirmed an abnormal TEC variation over the epicenter.From March 3 to 11 a large increase in electron concentration was recorded at all four Japanese ground-based ionosondes,which returned to normal after the main earthquake.The joint preliminary analysis of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters during the M9 Tohoku,Japan earthquake has revealed the presence of related variations of these parameters implying their connection with the earthquake process.This study may lead to a better understanding of the response of the atmosphere/ionosphere to the great Tohoku earthquake. | Dimitar Ouzounov Sergey Pulinets Alexey Romanov Alexander Romanov Konstantin Tsybulya Dmitri Davidenko Menas Kafatos Patrick Taylor | 2011 | Earthquake Science2011，24，6： | 7 |
| 18 | High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses显示文摘High-throughput sequencing studies generate vast amounts of taxonomic data.Evolutionary ecological hypotheses of the recovered taxa and Species Hypotheses are difficult to test due to problems with alignments and the lack of a phylogenetic backbone.We propose an updated phylum-and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative.Based on phylogenies and divergence time estimates,we adopt phylum rank to Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Glomeromycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota and Olpidiomycota.We accept nine subkingdoms to accommodate these 18 phyla.We consider the kingdom Nucleariae(phyla Nuclearida and Fonticulida)as a sister group to the Fungi.We also introduce a perl script and a newick-formatted classification backbone for assigning Species Hypotheses into a hierarchical taxonomic framework,using this or any other classification system.We provide an example of testing evolutionary ecological hypotheses based on a global soil fungal data set. | Leho Tedersoo Santiago Sanchez-Ramırez Urmas Koljalg Mohammad Bahram Markus Doring Dmitry Schigel Tom May Martin Ryberg Kessy Abarenkov | 2018 | Fungal Diversity2018，，3： | 7 |
| 19 | Expression of Acyl-lipid 12-desaturase Gene in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and Its Effect on Cold Stress Tolerance of Potato显示文摘We report the expression profile of acyl-lipid 12-desaturase (desA) gene from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and its effect on cell membrane lipid composition and cold tolerance in prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic (Solanum tuberosum) cells. For this purpose, a hybrid of desA and reporter gene encoding thermostable lichenase (licBM3) was constructed and used to transform these cells. The expression of this hybrid gene was measured using qualitative (Petri dish test, electrophoregram and zymogram) and quantitative methods (spectrometry and gas liquid chromatography assays). The maximum level of linoleic acid in the bacterial cells containing hybrid gene was 1.9% of total fatty acids. Cold stress tolerance assays using plant damage index and growth parameters showed that cold tolerance was enhanced in primary transgenic lines because of increased unsaturated fatty acid concentration in their lipids. The greatest content of 18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids in primary transgenic plants was observed for lines 2 (73%) and 3 (41%). Finally, our results showed that desaturase could enhance tolerance to cold stress in potato, and desaturase and lichenase retain their functionality in the structure of the hybrid protein where the enzymatic activity of target gene product was higher than in the case of reporter lichenase gene absence in the construction. | Reza Maali Amiri Natalia O. Yur'eva Khristina R. Shimshilashvili Irina V. Goldenkova-Pavlova Vasiliy P. Pchelkin Elmira I. Kuznitsova Vladimir D. Tsydendambaev Tamara I. Trunova Dmitry A. Los Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani Alexander M. Nosov | 2010 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2010，52，3： | 6 |
| 20 | Restructuring of the vascular bed in response to hemodynamic disturbances in portal hypertension显示文摘In recent years, defined progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of hemodynamic disturbances occurring in liver cirrhosis, which are based on portal hypertension. In addition to pathophysiological disorders related to endothelial dysfunction, it was revealed: There is the restructuring of the vasculature, which includes vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. In spite of the fact that these changes are the compensatory-adaptive response to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation, taken together, they contribute to the development and progression of portal hypertension causing severe complications such as bleeding from esophageal varices. Disruption of systemic and organ hemodynamics and the formation of portosystemic collaterals in portal hypertension commence with neovascularization and splanchnic vasodilation due to the hypoxia of the small intestine mucosa. In this regard, the goal of comprehensive treatment may be to influence on the chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic factors(vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and others) that lead to the development of these disorders. This review is to describe the mechanisms of restructuring of the vascular bed in response to hemodynamic disturbances in portal hypertension. Development of pathogenetic methods, which allow correcting portal hypertension, will improve the efficiency of conservative therapy aimed at prevention and treatment of its inherent complications. | Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Nikolay Olegovich Arefyev Dmitry Vladimirovich Belov | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，36： | 6 |
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