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| 1 | HIV and intestinal parasite co-infections among a Chinese population: an immunological profile显示文摘Background:Parasite infections often result in a switch of the human body’s predominant immune reaction from T-helper 1(Th1)-type to Th2-type.Hence,parasite infections are widely expected to accelerate the progression of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).In the People’s Republic of China,both parasitic diseases and AIDS are epidemic in certain rural areas,and co-infections are relatively common.However,no population-based studies have yet investigated the frequency of HIV and parasite co-infections,and its effects on immune responses.We studied(1)the immune status of an HIV-infected population,and(2)the effect of co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites on selected parameters of the human immune system.Methods:A total of 309 HIV-infected individuals were recruited and compared to an age-matched and sex-matched control group of 315 local HIV-negative individuals.Questionnaires were administered to all participants to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics,sanitation habits,family income,and recent clinical manifestations.Two consecutive stool samples and 10 ml samples of venous blood were also collected from each individual for the diagnosis of parasite infections and quantitative measurements of selected cytokines and CD4+T-lymphocytes,respectively.Results:During the study period,79 HIV-infected individuals were not under highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)and were thus included in our analysis;the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was 6.3%and that of protozoa was 22.8%.The most common protozoan infections were Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis)(13.9%)and Cryptosporidium spp.(10.1%).The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp.in HIV-infected individuals was significantly higher than that in HIV negative individuals(P<0.05).Compared to the non-co-infected population,no significant difference was found for any of the measured immunological indicators(P>0.05).However,the following trends were observed:IFN-γlevels were lower,but the IL-4 level was higher,in the population co-infected with HIV and helminths.In the population co-infected with HIV and B.hominis,the IL-2 level was higher.The population co-infected with HIV and Cryptosporidium spp.had markedly lower CD4+T-lymphocyte counts.Conclusion:According to the immunologic profile, co-infection with helminths is disadvantageous to HIV-infected individuals. It was associated with a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance in the same direction as that caused by the virus itself, which might indicate an acceleration of the progress from an HIV infection to AIDS. Co-infection with Cryptosporidium spp. was not associated with a significant change in immune factors but co-infection with Cryptosporidium spp. was associated with a reduced level of CD4 + T-lymphocytes, confirming the opportunistic nature of such infections. Co-infection with B. hominis, on the other hand, was associated with an antagonistic shift in the immunological profile compared to an HIV infection. | Li-Guang Tian Tian-Ping Wang Shan Lv Feng-Feng Wang Jian Guo Xiao-Mei Yin Yu-Chun Cai Mary Kathryn Dickey Peter Steinmann Jia-Xu Chen | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Augmented reality assisted surgery: a urologic training tool显示文摘扩充现实广泛地在航空学被使用并且是在外科以内的一个发展中的概念。在这个预研项目,我们在古格尔·格拉斯 ® 上为使用开发了一个应用程序训练在怎么放可膨胀的阴茎修复术的泌尿学居民的光装头的显示。我们使用扩充的短语现实帮助了外科在外科的设置描述扩充现实的这个新奇应用程序。应用程序表明可膨胀的阴茎修复术放置的外科的过程的步。它也包含允许的软件用一个照相机的点从光装头的显示喂使教师能在阴茎修复术的放置期间与居民一起交往的兴趣的察觉。自愿参加学习的泌尿学受训练者和教师被给时间经历技术在起作用或 perioperative 背景并且要求完成反馈调查。从用 10 点规模的 30 个全部的参加者,教育实用性被评估 8.6,航行的容易被评估 7.6,到使用的可能性的被评估 7.4,并且在操作空间的分心被评估 4.9。当在受训练者和教师之间成层时,受训练者发现技术更教育有用,并且少些分散。总的来说, 81% 参加者在他们的住处程序想要这种技术,并且 93% 以后在操作房间里看见这种技术。这种技术的进一步的开发在完整的版本前被保证,并且进一步的研究是必要的更好描绘扩充现实的有效性在泌尿科的外科的训练的帮助外科。 | Ryan M Dickey Neel Srikishen Larry I Lipshultz Philippe E Spiess Rafael E Carrion Tariq S Hakky | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，5： | 6 |
| 3 | Lunar laser ranging: a continuing legacy of the Apollo program 显示文摘 | Dickey J0 PLBender JEFaller | 1994 | Science1994，265，： | 2 |
| 4 | Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root 显示文摘 | Dickey and Fuller | 1979 | Journal of the American Statistical Association1979，74，： | 1 |
| 5 | The evidence for a narrower thyrotropin reference range is compelling显示文摘 | Wartofsky L Dickey RA | 2005 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2005，90，9： | 1 |
| 6 | Oil and gas reservoirs with subnormal pressures显示文摘 | Cox W C | 1977 | AAPG1977，61，： | 1 |
| 7 | Energetics of charged point defects in rutile TiO2 by density functional theory显示文摘 | LI X FINNIS M W HE J BEHERA R K PHILLPOT S R SINNOTT S B DICKEY E C | 2009 | Acta Materialia2009，57，： | 1 |
| 8 | Atmospheric transport and wet deposition of ammonium in North Carolina 显示文摘 | Walker J T Aneja V P Dickey D A | 2000 | Atmospheric Environment2000，34，20： | 1 |
| 9 | The high-affinity HSPg0-CHIP complex recognizes and selectively degrades phosphorylated tau client proteins显示文摘 | Dickey CA Kamal A Lundgren K | 2007 | J Clin Invest2007，117，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: cur- rent review显示文摘 | Dickey GE Solelo-Avila C | 1999 | Lediatr Dev Pathol1999，2，： | 1 |
| 11 | Water level variations in the Neuse and Pamlico Estuaries, North Carolina due to local and remote forcing 显示文摘 | Reed R E Dickey D A Burkholder J M | 2008 | Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science2008，76，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Distribution of the esti- mators for autoregressive time series with a unit root 显示文摘 | DICKEY D A Fuller W A | 1979 | Journal of the American Statistical Association1979，366，74： | 1 |
| 13 | Bumping for dollars: the airline overbooking problem显示文摘 | Bowman D Houmard R Dickey S | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 14 | Testing for Unit Roots in Autoregressive-Moving Average Models of Unknown Order显示文摘 | Said E S Dickey D A | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 15 | The preparation of specific adsobents显示文摘 | Dickey F H | 1949 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA1949，35，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites显示文摘 | Qian D Dickey E C Andrews R | 2000 | Applied Physics Letters2000，76，20： | 1 |
| 17 | ADP-ribosyl cyclase and CD38 catalyze the synthesis of a calcium-mobilizing metabolite from NADP显示文摘 | Aarhus R Graeff R M Dickey D M | 1995 | J Biol Chem1995，270，30： | 1 |
| 18 | Relationship of endometrial thickness and pattern to fecundity in ovulation induction cycles:effect of clomiphene citrate alone and with human menopausal gonadotropin显示文摘 | Curole DN Olar TT | 1993 | J Fertil Stereil1993，59，： | 1 |
| 19 | Lunar laser ranging:a c ontinuing legacy of the Apollo program显示文摘 | P L Bender J E Faller | 1994 | Science1994，265，： | 1 |
| 20 | Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregreesive Time Series with a Unit Root显示文摘 | Dickey D A Fuller W A | 1981 | Econometrica1981，49，4： | 1 |
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