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| 1 | 限制热量摄入6个月对超重者寿命指标、代谢调节及氧化应激的影响——随机对照试验AuthorAffiliations:PenningtonBiomedicalResearchCenter.LouisianaStateUniversity.BatonRouge;andGarvan.InstituteforMedicalResearch.Dadinghurst,AustraIia(DrHeilbronn).显示文摘背景:长期限制热量摄入可延长啮齿类动物的寿命。但是,尚未有研究观测长期限制人体热量是否会影响其寿命及氧化应激指标,降低代谢率。
目的:在超重但不肥胖(体重指数为25—30)的人群中研究限制热量6个月伴/不伴运动对其产生的影响。
设计、地点及参试者:于2002年3月至2004年8月在位于路易斯安娜州首府巴顿鲁治的研究中心对48名不好动的健康人进行随机对照研究。
干预:参试者在6个月内随机分为4个组:对照组(饮食可维持体重);限制热量组(限制基线所需能量的25%);限制热量+运动组(限制12.5%的热量+运动增加12.5%的能耗);极低热量饮食组(每日摄入890keal,直至体重减少15%,随后采用维持体重的饮食)。
主要观测指标:机体组成;硫酸脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrostemne sulfate,DHEAS)、葡萄糖及胰岛素水平;蛋白羰基化合物;DNA损伤;24小时能耗;核心体温。
结果:6个月时各组体重变化的均值(标准误)为:对照组-1.0%(1.1%);限制热量组-10.4%(0.9%);限制热量+运动组-10.0%(0.8%);极低热量饮食组-13.9%(0.7%)。6个月时,各干预组空腹血糖水平较基线明显降低(P均〈0.01),而DHEAS和葡萄糖水平没有改变。限制热量组及限制热量+运动组核心体温有所下降(P均〈0.05)。对机体组成进行校正后发现,对照组24小时静息能耗无变化,但限制热量组(-135kcal/d[42kcal/d])、限制热量+运动组(-117kcal/d[52kcal/d])和极低热量饮食组(-125kcal/d[35kcal/d])24小时静息能耗有所下降(P均〈0.008)。上述“代谢调节”(超出预计值的-6%)与对照组相比存在显著差异(P〈0.05)。6个月时,各组蛋白羰基化合物的浓度较基线时无变化,而各干预组DNA损伤有所减少(P〈0.005)。
结论:我们的研究结果显示,长期限制热量可降低人类寿命的2种指标(即空腹胰岛素水平和体温)。此外,我们的研究结果还支持下述理论,即限制热量能降低代谢率,且超过缩小代谢面积产生的相应效应。我们尚需开展远期研究来评价限制热量能否延缓人类衰老过程。 | Leonie K. Heibronn Lilian de Jonge Madlyn I. Frisard James P. DeLany D. Enette Larson-Meyer Jennifer Rood Tuong Nguyen Corby K. Martin Julia Volaufova Marlene M. Most Frank L. Greenway Steven R. Smith Walter A. Deutsch Donald A. Williamson Eric Ravussin 顾佳(译) | 2006 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2006，25，5： | 18 |
| 2 | Effect of fiber supplementation on the microbiota in critically ill patients显示文摘AIM:To determine tolerance to fiber supplementation of semi-elemental tube feeds in critically ill patients and measure its effect on colonic microbiota and fermentation.METHODS:Thirteen intensive care unit patients receiving jejunal feeding with a semi-elemental diet for predominantly necrotizing pancreatitis were studied.The study was divided into 2 parts:first,short-term (3-9 d)clinical tolerance and colonic fermentation as assessed by fecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentrations and breath hydrogen and methane was measured in response to progressive fiber supplementation increasing from 4 g tid up to normal requirement levels of 8 g tid;second,4 patients with diarrhea were studied for 2-5 wk with maximal supplementation to additionally assess its influence on fecal microbiota quantitated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)of microbial 16S rRNA genes and Human Intestinal Tract Chip(HITChip)microarray analysis.Nearly all patients were receiving antibiotics(10/13)and acid suppressants(11/13)at some stage during the studies.RESULTS:In group 1,tolerance to progressive fiber supplementation was good with breath hydrogen and methane evidence(P=0.008 and P<0.0001,respectively)of increased fermentation with no exacerbation of abdominal symptoms and resolution of diarrhea in 2 of 4 patients.In group 2 before supplementation,fecal microbiota mass and their metabolites,SCFA,were dramatically lower in patients compared to healthy volunteers.From qPCR and HITChip analyses we calculated that there was a 97%reduction in the predominant potential butyrate producers and starch degraders.Following 2-5 wk of fiber supplementation there was a significant increase in fecal SCFA(acetate 28.4±4.1μmol/g to 42.5±3.1μmol/g dry weight,P=0.01;propionate 1.6±0.5 vs 6.22±1.1,P=0.006 and butyrate 2.5±0.6 vs 5.9±1.1,P=0.04)and microbial counts of specific butyrate producers,with resolution of diarrhea in 3 of 4 patients.CONCLUSION:Conventional management of critically ill patients,which includes the use of elemental diets and broad-spectrum antibiotics,was associated with gross suppression of the colonic microbiota and their production of essential colonic fuels,i.e.,SCFA.Our investigations show that fiber supplementation of the feeds has the potential to improve microbiota mass and function,thereby reducing the risks of diarrhea due to dysbiosis. | Stephen JD O'Keefe Junhai Ou James P DeLany Scott Curry Erwin Zoetendal H Rex Gaskins Scott Gunn | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2011，2，6： | 3 |
| 3 | Serum and urinary markers of skeletal muscle tissue damage after weight lifting exercise显示文摘 | G. L. Paul J. P. DeLany J. T. Snook J. G. Seifert T. E. Kirby | 1989 | European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology1989，，： | 3 |
| 4 | 铝合金船舶的搅拌摩擦焊接工艺显示文摘0 引言
由英国焊接研究所(TWI)发明的搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding简称FSW),是用一种利用耐磨的旋转工具将铝、镁和铜的板材或型材材料连接的工艺. | Fred Delany Stephan W Kallee Mike J Russell | 2007 | 焊接2007，，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Serum and urinary markers of skeletal muscle tissue damage after weight lifting exercise显示文摘 | G. L. Paul J. P. DeLany J. T. Snook J. G. Seifert T. E. Kirby | 1989 | European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology1989，，7： | 2 |
| 6 | An Assessment of Case- based Reasoning for Spare Fiherlng显示文摘 | Sarah Jane Delany Padraig Cunningham Lorcan Coyle | | The Artificial Intelligence Review0，23，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum显示文摘 | Delany DJ Anderson RH | 2002 | J Am Cell Cardiol2002，39，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of cortisol and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on stromal cell differentiation: correlation with CCAATenhancer binding protein expression显示文摘 | Pereira RC Delany AM Canalis E | 2002 | Bone2002，30，5： | 1 |
| 9 | MicroRNA biogenesis and regu- lation of bone remodeling 显示文摘 | Kapinas K Delany AM | 2011 | Arthritis Res Ther2011，13，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Contribution of diffusion tensor imaging to delineation of gliomas and glioblastomas显示文摘 | Tropine A Vucurevic G Delani P | 2004 | Magn Reson Imaging2004，20，： | 1 |
| 11 | Autocrine down regulation of collagenase-3 in rat bone cell cultures by insulin-like growth factors显示文摘 | Delany AM Rydziel S Canalis E | 1996 | Endocrinology1996，137，： | 1 |
| 12 | Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in bone cells显示文摘 | Delany Jeffrey J Rydziel S | 1994 | J Cell Biochem1994，56，： | 1 |
| 13 | The role of computed tomography in acute and subacute mediastinitis显示文摘 | Breatnach E Nath PH Delany DJ | 1986 | Clin Radiol1986，37，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of cortisol and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on stromal cell differentiation: correlation with CCAAT-enhancer binding protein expression显示文摘 | Pereira RC Delany AM Canalis E | 2002 | Bone2002，30，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Autoerine down regulation of collagenase 3 in rat bone cell cultures by insulin-like growth factors 显示文摘 | Delany AM Rydziel S Canalis E | 1996 | Endocrinology1996，137，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in the mouse显示文摘 | D Wes J Delany P Camet F Blohm A Truett J Scimeca | 1998 | Am J Physiol1998，，275： | 1 |
| 17 | Cortisol inhibits the differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts in culture显示文摘 | Pereira RM Delany AM Canalis E | 2001 | Bone2001，28，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Performance Synergies between Low-Temperature and HighTemperature Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Blends显示文摘 | Delanie L Luis P Kaveer H | 2007 | Energy&Fuels2007，21，： | 1 |
| 19 | Glucocorticoid sup-pression of insulin-like growth factor I transcription in osteobiasts显示文摘 | Durant D Canalis E etal | 2001 | Mol Endocrinol2001，15，： | 1 |
| 20 | Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake 显示文摘 | J Delany F Blohm A Truett J Scimeca D West | 1999 | Am J Physiol1999，，276： | 1 |
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