| 1 | Isokinetic trunk flexion-extension protocol to assess trunk muscle strength and endurance:Reliability,learning effect,and sex differences显示文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and the learning effect of an isokinetic trunk flexion-extension protocol designed to simultaneously assess trunk muscle strength and endurance.In addition,the effect of the participants’sex on the reliability data was examined.Methods:Fifty-seven healthy and physically active young men(n=28)and women(n=29)performed the isokinetic protocol 5 times,separated by a week between each of the first 4 sessions and by a month between the last 2 sessions.The protocol consisted of performing 4 trials of 15 maximum flexion-extension concentric exertions at 120°/s(range of trunk motion=50°).The absolute and relative peak torque and total work were calculated to assess trunk flexion and extension strength.In addition,endurance ratio,modified endurance ratio,fatigue final ratio,recovery ratio,and modified recovery ratio variables were used for the assessment of trunk muscle endurance in both directions.Results:Regarding the absolute reliability,no relevant changes were found between paired-comparison sessions for most strength and endurance variables,except for total work and relative total work variables in the flexion movement in both sexes.In addition,the typical error of the isokinetic variables was lower than 10%in both males and females,and minimum detectable changes ranged from 7%to 20%,with a tendency to be higher in females and in endurance variables.The strength variables showed high-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs;>0.74);however,for the endurance variables only the endurance ratio and the modified endurance ratio obtained moderate-to-high ICC values(0.57 | María Pilar García-Vaquero David Barbado Casto Juan-Recio Alejandro López-Valenciano Francisco J.Vera-Garcia | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，6： | 4 |
| 2 | Postural control quantification in minimally and moderately impaired persons with multiple sclerosis:The reliability of a posturographic test and its relationships with functional ability显示文摘Background:Postural control has been associated with the functional impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis(pwMS).However,there is a need for reliable methods to assess postural control in early stages of the disease,when subtle changes can be difficult to detect.The aims of this study were to assess the absolute and relative reliability of a standing and a sitting posturographic protocol in minimally(Expanded Disability Status Scale≤2)and moderately(2.5≤Expanded Disability Status Scale≤4)impaired pwMS,and to analyze relationships among postural control and functional mobility and gait performance.Methods:To assess postural control in an upright stance,14 minimally and 16 moderately impaired pwMS performed six 70 s trials in tandem stance,3 with their weaker leg behind(TSWL)and 3 with their stronger leg behind(TSSL).Additionally,participants completed five 70 s trials using an unstable sitting protocol(US)to assess trunk stability.The mean radial errors of TSWL,TSSL,and US trials were calculated as postural control indexes.Furthermore,participants performed the Timed Up and Go test(TUG)and the Timed 25-foot Walk test(T25FW)to measure their functional mobility and gait speed,respectively.Reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC3,1)and the standard error of measurement(SEM).Analyses of variances were carried out to assess between-group differences.Hedges’g index(dg)was used to estimate the effect size of differences.Pearson correlation analyses(r)were performed to examine the relationships among the postural control and the functional tests.Results:Posturographic tests showed a high reliability in both minimally(0.87≤ICC≤0.92;9.32%≤SEM≤11.76%)and moderately(0.80≤ICC≤0.92;10.33%≤SEM≤15.33%)impaired pwMS.Similarly,T25FW and TUG displayed a high consistency in minimally(0.89≤ICC≤0.94;3.43%≤SEM≤5.17%)and moderately(0.85≤ICC≤0.93;5.57%≤SEM≤6.56%)impaired individuals.Minimally impaired pwMS showed a better performance on the TUG,T25FW,and TSWL than moderately impaired individuals(p<0.05;dg≥0.8).The TSWL,TSSL,and US variables correlated with TUG scores(0.419≤r≤0.604;p<0.05),but TSWL also correlated with T25FW scores(r=0.53;p<0.01).Furthermore,US scores correlated with both tandem stance parameters(TSWL:r=0.54,p<0.01;TSSL:r=0.43,p<0.05).Conclusion:Tandem and sitting posturographic tests provide reliable measures of postural control in pwMS,even in individuals with a homogeneous disease profile.Gait speed,functional mobility,and weaker leg status seem decisive in assessing the degree of physical activity limitation in pwMS.Finally,although trunk stability does not seem to be so affected by the course of the disease,it remains relevant for postural control and functional capacity. | David Barbado Ramon Gomez-Illan Pedro Moreno-Navarro Gregori Valero-Conesa Raul Reina Francisco J.Vera-Garcia | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，6： | 0 |
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