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| 1 | CONSORT 2010说明与详述:报告平行对照随机临床试验指南的更新显示文摘大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效果产生评价偏倚有关。这种系统误差对RCT损害严重,而RCT正是以其能减少或避免偏倚而被视为评价干预措施的金标准。为了提高RCT的报告质量,一个由专家和编辑组成的工作组制定了临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明。CONSORT声明于1996年首次发表,并于2001年更新。声明由对照检查清单和流程图组成,供作者在报告RCT时使用。许多核心医学期刊和主要国际性编辑组织都已认可CONSORT声明。该声明促进了对RCT的严格评价和解释。2001年,在对CONSORT进行修订时,人们就已经清楚地认识到,解释和说明制定CONSORT声明的原理,有助于研究人员等撰写或评价临床试验报告。一篇CONSORT说明与详述文章于2001年同2001版CONSORT声明一起发表。2007年1月的专家会议之后,对CONSORT声明作了进一步修订并已发表,即'CONSORT2010声明'。这次更新对原版对照检查清单作了文字上的修改,使其更为明晰,并收入了与一些新近才认识到的主题相关的建议,如选择性报告结局产生的偏倚。说明与详述文件旨在加强人们对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,这次也作了大量修订,对每一项新增或更新的清单条目的含义和增改理由进行了解释,提供了优秀的报告实例,还尽可能地提供了相关的经验性研究的参考文献。文中收入了若干流程图实例。'CONSORT2010声明'、其说明与详述文件,以及相关网站(www.consort-statement.org),对于改进随机临床试验报告必将有所裨益。 | David Moher Sally Hopewell Kenneth F Schulz Victor Montori Peter C Gφtzsche P J Devereaux Diana Elbourne Matthias Egger Douglas G Altman 周庆辉 卞兆祥 刘建平 | 2010 | 中西医结合学报2010，8，8： | 318 |
| 2 | 加强流行病学中观察性研究报告质量(STROBE)声明:观察性研究报告规范显示文摘很多生物医学研究都是观察性的。但对这类研究的报告却通常不完整,从而限制了对其优缺点及普适性的评价。“加强流行病学中观察性研究报告质量(STROBE)”工作组针对一篇完整明确的观察性研究报告应包括的内容提供了一套建议。建议涵盖了流行病学研究的三种主要设计类型:队列设计、病例对照设计和横断面设计。2004年9月,我们召开了为期2天的研讨会,与会的方法学专家、研究人员和期刊编辑共同起草了一份观察性研究报告应纳入的条目清单草案。此后,又通过协调小组数次会议及与有关人员电子邮件讨论等对该草案进行了修改,纳入了经验性证据和方法学方面的意见。通过研讨会及之后反复的咨询和修订,我们制定出了一个包含22个条目的清单(STROBE声明),分为论文的题目、摘要、引言、方法、结果和讨论等部分。其中18个条目适用于所有三种主要的观察性研究设计,其余4个条目则专门用于队列、病例一对照或横断面设计。详细的解释和示范文件已另行发表,在《公共科学图书馆一医学》(PLoS Medicine)、《内科学年报》(Annalsof Internal Medicine)和《流行病学》(Epidemiology)的网站可以免费获得。我们希望STROBE声明能有助于改善观察性研究报告的质量。 | Erikvon Elm Douglas G Altman Matthias Egger Stuart J Pocock Peter C G tzsche Jan P Vandenbroucke 赵乐(译) 邹光勇(审) 杜怀东(审) | 2008 | 世界临床医学2008，2，1： | 12 |
| 3 | Posterior partially edentulous jaws, planning a rehabilitation with dental implants显示文摘AIM: To discuss important characteristics of the useof dental implants in posterior quadrants and the rehabilitation planning. METHODS: An electronic search of English articles was conducted on MEDLINE(PubM ed) from 1990 up to the period of March 2014. The key terms were dental implants and posterior jaws, dental implants/treatment planning and posterior maxilla, and dental implants/treatment planning and posterior mandible. No exclusion criteria were used for the initial search. Clinical trials, randomized and non randomized studies, classical and comparative studies, multicenter studies, in vitro and in vivo studies, case reports, longitudinal studies and reviews of the literature were included in this review. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-two articles met the inclusion criteria of treatment planning of dental implants in posterior jaw and were read in their entirety. The selected articles were categorized with respect to their context on space for restoration, anatomic considerations(bone quantity and density), radiographic techniques, implant selection(number, position, diameter and surface), tilted and pterygoid implants, short implants, occlusal considerations, and success rates of implants placed in the posterior region. The results derived from the review process were described under several different topic headings to give readers a clear overview of the literature. In general, it was observed that the use of dental implants in posterior region requires a careful treatment plan. It is important that the practitioner has knowledge about the theme to evaluate the treatment parameters. CONCLUSION: The use of implants to restore the posterior arch presents many challenges and requires a detailed treatment planning. | Douglas R Monteiro Emily V F Silva Eduardo P Pellizzer Osvaldo Magro Filho Marcelo C Goiato | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，1： | 6 |
| 4 | A theory of production 显示文摘 | Cobb C W Douglas P H | 1928 | American Economic Review1928，，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Sexual conflict,sexual selection and sperm competition in the spawning decisions of bitterling,Rhodeus sericeus显示文摘 | Smith C Douglas A Jurajda P | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Primary structure of the Aecquorea Victoria green fluorescent protein 显示文摘 | Douglas C P Virginia K Wiliam W W | 1992 | Gene1992，111，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil carbon and microbial dynamics 显示文摘 | Collins H P Rasmussen P E Douglas C L | 1992 | Soil Science Society of America Journal1992，56，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Introducing Food Fraud including translation and interpretation to Russian Korean,and Chinese languages显示文摘 | John S Douglas C M Hyeonho P | 2015 | Food Chemistry2015，189，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Trend and variability of shoreline position显示文摘 | Galgano F A Douglas B C Leatherman S P | 1998 | Journal of Coastal Research1998，，26： | 1 |
| 10 | A theory of production显示文摘 | COBB C W DOUGLAS P H | 1928 | American E- conomic Review1928，，18： | 1 |
| 11 | Global Warming and Coastal Erosion显示文摘 | Keqi Zhang Bruce C Douglas Stephen P Lentherman | 2004 | Climatic Change2004，64，： | 1 |
| 12 | The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)homolog,ACE2is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis显示文摘 | Douglas G C O’Bryan M K Hedger M P | 2004 | Endocrinology2004，145，13： | 1 |
| 13 | A Theory of Production显示文摘 | COBB C W DOUGLAS P H | 1928 | The American Economic Review1928，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Judicious resection and radio surgery for parasagittal meningiomas:outcome from amulticenter review显示文摘 | DOUGLAS K JOHN C F BERNARDO P | 1998 | Neurosurgery1998，43，2： | 1 |
| 15 | A novel parsley 4CL1 cis-element is required for developmentally regulated expression and protein-DNA complex formation 显示文摘 | Neutaedter D A Lee S P Douglas C J | 1999 | Plant J1999，18，： | 1 |
| 16 | Leader Political Skill and Employee Reactions 显示文摘 | Treadway D C Hochwarter W A Ferris G R Kacmar C J Douglas C Ammeter A P Buckley M R | 2004 | The Leadership Quarterly2004，15，4： | 1 |
| 17 | The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies显示文摘 | Erik von Elm Douglas G Altman Matthias Egger Stuart J Pocock Peter C G?tzsche Jan P Vandenbroucke | 2007 | The Lancet2007，，9596： | 1 |
| 18 | Significance of Genetic information in Risk Asses s ment and Individual Classification Using Silicosisasa Case Model显示文摘 | ERI N M c CANLI ES DOUGLAS P LANDSI TTE | 2002 | British Occupational Hygiene Society2002，46，4： | 1 |
| 19 | A Theory of production显示文摘 | Cobb C W Douglas P H | 1928 | The American Economic Review1928，18，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Convergence and divergence:developing a semiglobal marketing strategy显示文摘 | Douglas S P Craig C S | 2011 | Journal of International Marketing2011，19，1： | 1 |
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