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| 1 | Halitosis:the multidisciplinary approach显示文摘Halitosis,bad breath or oral malodour are all synonyms for the same pathology. Halitosis has a large social and economic impact. For the majority of patients suffering from bad breath,it causes embarrassment and affects their social communication and life. Moreover,halitosis can be indicative of underlying diseases. Only a limited number of scientific publications were presented in this field until 1995. Ever since,a large amount of research is published,often with lack of evidence. In general,intraoral conditions,like insufficient dental hygiene,periodontitis or tongue coating are considered to be the most important cause (85%) for halitosis. Therefore,dentists and periodontologists are the first-line professionals to be confronted with this problem. They should be well aware of the origin,the detection and especially of the treatment of this pathology. In addition,ear-nose-throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/ endocrinological (5%) disorders may contribute to the problem. In the case of halitophobia,psychiatrical or psychological problems may be present. Bad breath needs a multidisciplinary team approach:dentists,periodontologists,specialists in family medicine,ear-nose-throat surgeons,internal medicine and psychiatry need to be updated in this field,which still is surrounded by a large taboo. Multidisciplinary bad breath clinics offer the best environment to examine and treat this pathology that affects around 25% of the whole population. This article describes the origin,detection and treatment of halitosis,regarded from the different etiological origins. | Curd ML Bollen Thomas Beikler | 2012 | International Journal of Oral Science2012，4，2： | 7 |
| 2 | A review of the Euplotidae (Hypotrichida, Ciliophora)显示文摘 | Curds C R Wu I C H | 1983 | Bull Br Mus Nat Hist1983，44，： | 3 |
| 3 | Sequencing of Escherichia coli O111 O-antigen gene cluster and identification of O111 Specific genes显示文摘 | Wang L Curd H Qu W | 1998 | J Clin Microbiol1998，36，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Some Quinolylaminosubstituted Pyrimidine Derivativs 显示文摘 | Curd F H Graham W Richardson D N | 1960 | Roczniki Chemii1960，34，： | 1 |
| 5 | The role of protozoa in the activated - sludge process 显示文摘 | CURDS C R | 1973 | Am Zool1973，13，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Dear Abby: Advice pages as a site for the operation of power 显示文摘 | Curde D | 2001 | Feminist Theory2001，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Sequencing of Escherichia coli O111 O-antigen gene cluster and identification of O111-specific genes显示文摘 | Wang L Curd H Qu W | 1998 | J Clin Microbiol1998，36，11： | 1 |
| 8 | A review of the Euplotidae (Hypotrichida, Ciliophora) 显示文摘 | Curds C R Wu I C H | 1983 | Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History (Zoology)1983，44，： | 1 |
| 9 | Fluazifop-P Resistance Expressed as a Dominant Trait in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 显示文摘 | Smeda R J Curde R S Rippee J H | 2000 | Weed Technol2000，14，： | 1 |
| 10 | A review of the Euplotidae (Hypotrichida, Ciliophora)显示文摘 | Curds C R Wu I C H | 1983 | Bull Br Mus Nat Hist1983，44，： | 1 |
| 11 | Pro-tumour activity of interleukin-22 in HPAFII human pancreatic cancer cells显示文摘 | Curd LM Favors SE Gregg RK | 2012 | Clin Exp Immunol2012，168，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Causes of hypoamylasaemia in a hospital population显示文摘 | Rachel Curd Martin A. Crook | 2015 | Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Inv2015，，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Entraspinal canses of lumbosacral radiculopathy显示文摘 | Kleiner JB Donaldson WF Curd JG | 1991 | J Bone Joint Surg Am1991，73，： | 1 |
| 14 | Thefat embolism syndrome显示文摘 | Curd AR Wilson RI | 1974 | J Bone Joint Surg(er)1974，56，： | 1 |
| 15 | Fat embolism:an aid to diagnose显示文摘 | | 1970 | J Bone Joint surg(Br)1970，52，： | 1 |
| 16 | Treatment Behavior and Complete- Mouth Rehabilitation Using AGC Crowns: A Case Report显示文摘 | Josef D Curd G Reinhold R Int | 2001 | J Periodont Rest Dent2001，21，： | 1 |
| 17 | The microbiale cology of activated sludge process显示文摘 | Pike E B Curds C R | 1971 | Microbial Aspects of Pollution1971，，： | 1 |
| 18 | The Application of the Root Zone Method for the Treatment and Reuse of High Strength Abattoir Waste in Mexico显示文摘 | WARREN A CURDS C R | 1997 | Water Science and Technology1997，35，： | 1 |
| 19 | Relationships among the O-antigen gene dusters of Salmonella enterica groups B, D1, D2, and D3 显示文摘 | Curd H Liu D Reeves P R | 1998 | J Baeteriol1998，180，4： | 1 |
| 20 | The application of the root zone method for the treatment and reuse of high-strength abattoir waste in Mexico 显示文摘 | Rivera R Warren A Curds C R | 1997 | Water Science and Technology1997，35，5： | 1 |
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