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| 1 | Using a modern analogue to interpret depositional position in ancient fluvial-tidal channels:Example from the McMurray Formation,Canada显示文摘The fluvial-tidal transition(FTT)is a complex depositional zone,where fluvial flow is modified by tides as rivers approach a receiving marine basin.Variations in the relative importance of tidal versus fluvial processes lead to a distinctive distribution of sediments that accumulate on channel bars.The FTT generally consists of three broad zones:(1)a freshwater-tidal zone;(2)a tidally influenced freshwater to brackish-water transition:and(3)a zone of relatively sustained brackish-water conditions with stronger tides.A very common type of deposit through the fluvial-tidal transition,especially on the margins of migrating channels,is inclined heterolithic stratification(IHS).At present,a detailed account of changes in the character of IHS across the FIT of a paleo-channel system has not been reported,although a number of modern examples have been documented.To fill this gap,we quantitatively assess the sedimentology and ichnology of IHS from seven cored intervals in three geographic areas situated within the youngest paleovalley('A'Valley)in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation of Alberta.Canada.We compare the data to trends defined along the FTT in the present-day Fraser River in British Columbia.Canada to interpret paleo-depositional position in the ancient fluvial-tidal channels.Analysis determined that the mean mudstone thickness is 8.2 cm in the southern study area(SA).Mean thickness increases to 11 cm in the central study area(CA),and decreases again to 4.4 cm in the northern study area(NA).The proportion of mudstone is 31%in SA,44%in CA,and 27%in NA.Thicknessweighted mean bioturbation intensity in sands varied from 0.29 in SA and CA.to 0.28 in NA.On the other hand,thickness-weighted mean bioturbation intensity(Bl)in mudstone increases from 1.46 in SA.to 1.77 in CA.and is 1.94 in NA.The ichnological diversity also increased from south to north.Sedimentological results show sinilar trends to those of the Fraser River,enabling the identification of a freshwater to brackish-water transition zone with tidal influence.The interpreted position of the transition is underpinned by the bioturbation intensity and trace-fossil diversity trends,indicating periodic brackish-water conditions throughout SA in the McMurray Formation during low river flow conditions.Together,these data suggest that a broad FTT existed in the'A'Valley,with fluvial-dominated channels to the south that experienced seasonal brackish-water inundation during base flow,and channels experiencing increasing brackish-water influence lying further north towards a turbidity maximun zone.The FIT zone appears to have extended for several hundred kilometers fron south to north.Based on the sedimentological and ichnological data,as well as estimations of lateral accretion rates,we refute the colmonly applied Mississippi River depositional analogue for McMurray Formation channels.Rather,we show that while not a perfect fit,the tidally influenced Fraser River shows much greater agreement with the depositional character recorded in McMurray Formation IHS.Future work on the McMurray system should focus on characterizing tide-dominatecl deltaic and estuarine systems,such as the Ganges-Brahmaputra,and on forward-modeling the evolution of tide-dominated and tideinfluenced river systems. | Andrew D.La Croix Shahin E.Dashtgard James A.MacEachern | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，6： | 3 |
| 2 | Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium 显示文摘 | Croix S | 2000 | Science2000，289，： | 1 |
| 3 | Absolute reliability of five clinical tests for assessing hamstring flexibility in professional futsal players显示文摘 | Francisco Ayala Pilar Sainz de Baranda Mark De Ste Croix Fernando Santonja | 2011 | Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport2011，，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Tumor endothelial markers:new targets for cancer therapy显示文摘 | Nanda A St Croix B | 2004 | Curr Opin Oncol2004，16，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Fatiguing in- spiratory muscle work causes reflex sympathetic activa tion in humans显示文摘 | St Croix CM Morgan BJ Wetter TJ | 2000 | J Physiol2000，529，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium显示文摘 | Croix B S Rago C Velculescu V | 2000 | Science2000，289，5482： | 1 |
| 7 | Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium显示文摘 | St Croix B Rago C Velculoscu V | 2000 | Science2000，289，： | 1 |
| 8 | Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium 显示文摘 | ST CROIX B RAGO C VELCULESCU V | 2000 | Science2000，289，5482： | 1 |
| 9 | Estradiol coupling to endothehal nitric oxide stimulates gonadoytropin-releasing hormone release from rat median eminence via a membrane receptor 显示文摘 | Croix D Rialas CM | 1999 | Endocrinology1999，140，65： | 1 |
| 10 | Tumor Endothelial Markers:New Targets for Cancer Therapy显示文摘 | NANDA A ST CROIX B | 2004 | Curr Opin Oncol2004，16，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Rule changes and competitive balance in Japanese professional baseball显示文摘 | La Croix S Kawaura A | 1999 | Economic Inquiry1999，37，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Inflammato- ry cues modulate the expression of secretory product genes,Golgi sulfotransferases and sulfomucin produc- tionin LS174 T cells显示文摘 | CROIX J A BHATIA S GASKINS H R | 2011 | Exp Biol Med(Maywood)2011，236，： | 1 |
| 13 | Inequality and growth: why differential fertility matters显示文摘 | DAVID DE LA CROIX MATTHIAS DOEPKE | 2003 | The American Economic Review2003，93，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Evaluation of a rebound tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure in dogs and horses显示文摘 | Knollinger AM La Croix NC Barrett PM | 2005 | J Am Vet Med Assoc2005，227，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Shared savings contracts in supply chains显示文摘 | Corbett C De Croix G | 2001 | Management Science2001，47，7： | 1 |
| 16 | E-cadherin-dependent growth suppression is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhitior p27显示文摘 | Croix B Sheehan C Rak JW | 1998 | Cell Biol1998，142，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Inventory management under random disruptions and partial back-orders 显示文摘 | Arreola R Croix D | 1998 | Naval Res Logist1998，52，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Impact of the cyclindependent kinaseinhibitor p27Kip1 on resistance of tumor cells to anticancer agents 显示文摘 | St Croix B Florenes VA Rak JW | 1996 | Nature Med1996，2，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Induction and reversal of cell adhesion-dependent multicellular drug resistance in solid breast tumors显示文摘 | Kerbel R S St Croix B Florenes V A | 1996 | Hum Cell1996，9，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Consequences of angiogenesis for tumor progression,metastasis and cancer therapy显示文摘 | RAK JW ST CROIX BD KERBEL RS | 1995 | Anti-Cancer Drugs1995，6，： | 1 |
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