| 1 | An integrated approach to investigate climate-driven rockfall occurrence in high alpine slopes: the Bessanese glacial basin, Western Italian Alps显示文摘Rockfalls are one of the most common instability processes in high mountains.They represent a relevant issue,both for the risks they represent for(infra)structures and frequentation,and for their potential role as terrestrial indicators of climate change.This study aims to contribute to the growing topic of the relationship between climate change and slope instability at the basin scale.The selected study area is the Bessanese glacial basin(Western Italian Alps)which,since 2016,has been specifically equipped,monitored and investigated for this purpose.In order to provide a broader context for the interpretation of the recent rockfall events and associated climate conditions,a cross-temporal and integrated approach has been adopted.For this purpose,geomorphological investigations(last 100 years),local climate(last 30 years)and near-surface rock/air temperatures analyses,have been carried out.First research outcomes show that rockfalls occurred in two different geomorphological positions:on rock slopes in permafrost condition,facing from NW to NE and/or along the glacier margins,on rock slopes uncovered by the ice in the last decades.Seasonal thaw of the active layer and/or glacier debutressing can be deemed responsible for slope failure preparation.With regard to timing,almost all dated rock falls occurred in summer.For the July events,initiation may have been caused by a combination of rapid snow melt and enhanced seasonal thaw of the active layer due to anomalous high temperatures,and rainfall.August events are,instead,associated with a significant positive temperature anomaly on the quarterly scale,and they can be ascribed to the rapid and/or in depth thaw of the permafrost active layer.According to our findings,we can expect that in the Bessanese glacierized basin,as in similar high mountain areas,climate change will cause an increase of slope instability in the future.To fasten knowledge deepening,we highlight the need for a growth of a network of high elevation experimental sites at the basin scale,and the definition of shared methodological and measurement standards,that would allow a more rapid and effective comparison of data. | VIANI Cristina CHIARLE Marta PARANUNZIO Roberta MERLONE Andrea MUSACCHIO Chiara COPPA Graziano NIGRELLI Guido | 2020 | Journal of Mountain Science2020，17，11： | 3 |
| 2 | Rock temperature variability in high-altitude rockfall-prone areas显示文摘In a context of cryosphere degradation caused by climate warming,rock temperature is one of the main driving factors of rockfalls that occur on high-elevation mountain slopes.In order to improve the knowledge of this critical relationship,it is necessary to increase measurement capability of rock temperature and its variability in different lithological and slope/aspect conditions,and also to increase local scale studies,increasing the quality and the comparability of the data.This paper shows an example of metrological characterization of sensors used for rock temperature measurement in mountain regions,by means of the measurement uncertainty.Under such approach,data and results from temperature measurements carried out in the Bessanese high-elevation experimental site(Western European Alps)are illustrated.The procedures for the calibration and field characterization of sensors allow to measure temperature in different locations,depths and lithotypes,within 0.10°C of overall uncertainty.This work has highlighted that metrological traceability is fundamental to asses data quality and establish comparability among different measurements;that there are strong differences between air temperature and near-surface rock temperature;and that there are significant differences of rock temperature acquired in different aspect conditions.Finally,solar radiation,slope/aspect conditions and lithotype,seem to be the main driving factors of rock temperature. | Guido NIGRELLI Marta CHIARLE Andrea MERLONE Graziano COPPA Chiara MUSACCHIO | 2022 | Journal of Mountain Science2022，19，3： | 1 |
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