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| 1 | Solutions for submucosal injection: What to choose and how to do it显示文摘During the past decades, endoscopic resection techniques have gradually improved and gained more importance for the management of premalignant lesions and early cancers. These endoscopic resection techniques can be divided in 3 major groups: snare polipectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). The use of submucosal injection is essential for the majority of EMR techniques and is an integral part of ESD,whereas during polipectomy it is not crucial in most cases except to prevent bleeding in large polyps and/or those with large stalks as an alternative to mechanical methods. Injection provides a lifting up effect of the lesion separating it from the muscular layer, thereby reducing thermal injury and the risk of perforation and bleeding while also facilitating en-bloc resection by improving technical feasibility. With this work, we aim to review the most common endoscopic resection techniques and the importance of submucosal injection in each one of them. For that, we present some of the most commonly used submucosal injection solutions, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss, based on current recommendations and our own experience, how and when to preform submucosal injection, depending on lesions features and endoscopic resection technique that′s being used, to assure complete resection and to prevent associated adverse events. Finally, we also present and discuss some new proposed submucosal injection solutions,endoscopic resection techniques and devices that may have a major impact on the future of therapeutic endoscopy. | Rui Castro Diogo Libanio Inês Pita Mário Dinis-Ribeiro | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，7： | 13 |
| 2 | Fecal immunochemical test accuracy in average-risk colorectal cancer screening显示文摘AIM:To assess the fecal immunochemical test(FIT)accuracy for colorectal cancer(CRC)and advanced neoplasia(AN)detection in CRC screening.METHODS:We performed a multicentric,prospective,double blind study of diagnostic tests on asymptomatic average-risk individuals submitted to screening colonoscopy.Two stool samples were collected and the fecal hemoglobin concentration was determined in the first sample(FIT1)and the highest level of both samples(FITmax)using the OC-sensor.Areas under the curve(AUC)for CRC and AN were calculated.The best FIT1and FITmax cut-off values for CRC were determined.At this threshold,number needed to scope(NNS)to detect a CRC and an AN and the cost per lesion detected were calculated.RESULTS:About 779 individuals were included.An AN was found in 97(12.5%)individuals:a CRC in 5(0.6%)and an advanced adenoma(≥10 mm,villous histology or high grade dysplasia)in 92(11.9%)subjects.For CRC diagnosis,FIT1 AUC was 0.96(95%CI:0.95-0.98)and FITmax AUC was 0.95(95%CI:0.93-0.97).For AN,FIT1 and FITmax AUC were similar(0.72,95%CI:0.66-0.78 vs 0.73,95%CI:0.68-0.79,respectively,P=0.34).Depending on the number of determinations and the positivity threshold cut-off used sensitivity for AN detection ranged between 28%and 42%and specificity between 91%and 97%.At the best cut-off point for CRC detection(115 ng/mL),the NNS to detect a CRC were 10.2 and 15.8;and the cost per CRC was 1814€and 2985€on FIT1 and FITmax strategies respectively.At this threshold the sensitivity,NNS and cost per AN detected were 30%,1.76,and 306€,in FIT1 strategy,and 36%,2.26€and 426€,in FITmax strategy,respectively.CONCLUSION:Performing two tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy,but increases cost and NNS to detect a lesion. | Vicent Hernandez Joaquin Cubiella M Carmen Gonzalez-Mao Felipe Iglesias Concepción Rivera M Begoa Iglesias Lucía Cid Ines Castro Luisa de Castro Pablo Vega Jose Antonio Hermo Ramiro Macenlle Alfonso Martínez-Turnes David Martínez-Ares Pamela Estevez Estela Cid M Carmen Vidal Angeles López-Martínez Elisabeth Hijona Marta Herreros-Villanueva Luis Bujanda Jose Ignacio Rodriguez-Prada the COLONPREV study investigators | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，4： | 4 |
| 3 | Advanced lung adenocarcinoma in an EGFR-positive patient treated with Erlotinib for 52 months显示文摘 | Ivone Gon?alves Inês Ladeira Ana Castro Ana Antunes Ana Barroso Bárbara Parente | 2013 | Respiratory Medicine Case Reports2013，，： | 1 |
| 4 | A decision-making and parcel eastern Amazon 显示文摘 | Evans T P Manire Aaron dynamic model of household level landcover change in the Castro Fabio de | 2001 | Ecological Modelling2001，143，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of mussel shell addition on the chemical and biological properties of a Cambisol显示文摘 | PAZ-FERREIRO J BAEZ-BERNAL D CASTRO INS INA J | 2012 | Chemosphere2012，86，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Induction of a midbrain - overexpressing neural stem cells by type 1 astrocytes显示文摘 | Wagner J Akerud P Castro DS dopaminergic phenotype in Nurrl | 1999 | Nat Biotechnol1999，17，65： | 1 |
| 7 | Interchange of amino acid between tumor and host显示文摘 | Medina MA Marquez J Castro IN | 1992 | Biochem Medic Biol1992，48，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Interchange of amino add between tumor and host显示文摘 | Medina MA Marquez J Castro IN | 1992 | Biochem Med Metab Biol1992，48，1： | 1 |
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