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| 1 | Management of autoimmune hepatitis:Focus on pharmacologic treatments beyond corticosteroids显示文摘In autoimmune hepatitis, patients who are intolerant or with toxicity experience, non-responders, relapsers or refractory are challenging. Non-standard drugs are being tried to preemptively avoid corticosteroid-related side effects. Prognosis and quality of life of life rely on treatment optimization. Recently, emergence of powerful immunosuppressive agents, mainly from liver transplantation, challenged the supremacy of the corticosteroid regime and promise greater immunosuppression than conventional medications, offer site-specific actions and satisfactory patient tolerance. Successes in experimental models of related diseases have primed these molecular interventions. We performed a literature review on alternative treatments. Azatioprine intolerance is the principal indication for mycophenolate use butit can be used as a front-line therapy. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus have been tested for non-responders or relapsers. Rituximab may be used as salvage therapy. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents may be used for incomplete responses or non-responders. Methotrexate is possibly an alternative for induction of remission and maintenance in refractory patients. Cyclophosphamide has been included in the induction regimen with corticosteroids. Ursodeoxycholic acid action is mainly immunomodulatory. Non-standard treatments are coming slowly to the attention, but its use should be cautious performed by experienced centers. | Marta Casal Moura Rodrigo Liberal Hélder Cardoso Ana Maria Horta e Vale Guilherme Macedo | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，6： | 2 |
| 2 | Co 2 corrosion inhibition of X-120 pipeline steel by a modified imidazoline under flow conditions显示文摘 | D.M. Ortega-Toledo J.G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez M. Casales L. Martinez A. Martinez-Villafa?e | 2011 | Corrosion Science2011，，11： | 2 |
| 3 | Artificial bowel sphincter in severe anal incontinence 显示文摘 | Casal E Ildefonso AS Carracedo R | 2004 | Colorectal Dis2004，6，： | 1 |
| 4 | Inhibin A serum levels in proteinuric and nonproteinuric pregnancy-induced hypertension: Evidence for placental involvement in gestational hypertension显示文摘 | Casals E Gomez O Aibar C Cararach V Alonso PL Fortuny A | 2000 | Hypertens Preg2000，19，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Hapten - protein conjugates prepared by the mixed anhydride method显示文摘 | Gendloff E H Casale W L Ran B P | 1986 | Journal of lmmunological Melhod1986，92，： | 1 |
| 6 | Muscle gly- cogen:Comparison of iodine binding and enzyme di gestion assays and application to meat samples显示文摘 | Dreiling C g Brown D E Casale L | 1987 | Meat Sci1987，20，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision显示文摘 | Bro ek J L Bousquet J Baena-Cagnani C E Bonini S Canonica G W Casale T B | 2010 | J Allergy Clin Immunol2010，126，： | 1 |
| 8 | Intracrystalline alkylation of benzoate ions into layered double hydroxides显示文摘 | Prevot V Casal B Hitzky E R | 2001 | J Mater Chem2001，，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Free and Conjugated Biogenic Amines in Green and Roasted Coffee Beans显示文摘 | Casal S Mendes E Alves M R | 2004 | Journal of Agricul- tural and Food Chemistry2004，，20： | 1 |
| 10 | Influence of porosity on the apparent inter|aminar shear strength of pitch based unidirectional C-C Composites 显示文摘 | CASAL E GRANDA M BERMEJO J | 2001 | Carbon2001，39，： | 1 |
| 11 | Probiotic prophylaxis of ventilator-associatedpneumonia:ablinded, randomized, controlled tfial显示文摘 | ] Morrow L E Kollef M H Casale T B | 2010 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med2010，182，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Standardization of M-mode Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Anatomic Measurements显示文摘 | Deverux R B Lutas E M Casale P N | 1984 | J Am Coil Cardiol1984，4，： | 1 |
| 13 | 8Gy single-dose radiotherapy is effective in metastatic spinal cord compression: results of a phase m randomized multicentre Italian trial显示文摘 | Maranzano E Trippa F Casale M | 2009 | Radiother Oncol2009，93，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Use of chitosan for selective removal of β-lactoglobulin from whey显示文摘 | CASAL E MONTILLA A | 2006 | Jounal of Dairy Science2006，89，： | 1 |
| 15 | A survey of the origin,type and consequences of accidents in process plants and in the transpor- tation of hazardous materials 显示文摘 | E Planas-Cuehi H E Montiel Casal J | 1997 | Process Safety and Environmental Protection1997，75，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Atherogenic lipoprotein subfraction profile in preeclamptic women with and without high triglycerides:different pathophysiologic subsets in preeclampsia显示文摘 | Llurba E Casals E Dominguez C | 2005 | Metabolism2005，54，： | 1 |
| 17 | Muuscleglycogen: Comparison of iodine binding and enzymedigestion assays and application to meat samples显示文摘 | Dreiling C E Brown D E Casale L | 1987 | Meatscience1987，20，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Simulated airborne spread of Aujeszky's disease And foot and mouth disease显示文摘 | CASAL J MORESON J M PLANAS-CUCHL E | 1997 | Vet Rec1997，，140： | 1 |
| 19 | Purification and characterization of a keratinase from a feather - degrading Bacillus licheniformis strain 显示文摘 | Lin X Lee C G Casale E S | 1992 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology1992，58，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Comparison of sero-logic tests used in canine brucellosis diagnosis显示文摘 | Mateu-de-Antonio E M Martín M Casal J | 1994 | J Vet DiagnInvest1994，6，2： | 1 |
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