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| 1 | New insights into the pathophysiology of achalasia and implications for future treatment显示文摘Idiopathic achalasia is an archetype esophageal motor disorder, causing significant impairment of eating ability and reducing quality of life. The pathophysiological underpinnings of this condition are loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter(LES). The clinical manifestations include dysphagia for both solids and liquids, regurgitation of esophageal contents, retrosternal chest pain, cough, aspiration, weight loss and heartburn. Even though idiopathic achalasia was first described more than 300 years ago, researchers are only now beginning to unravel its complex etiology and molecular pathology. The most recent findings indicate an autoimmune component, as suggested by the presence of circulating anti-myenteric plexus autoantibodies, and a genetic predisposition, as suggested by observed correlations with other well-defined genetic syndromes such as Allgrove syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 B syndrome. Viral agents(herpes, varicella zoster) have also been proposed as causative and promoting factors. Unfortunately, the therapeutic approaches available today do not resolve the causes of the disease, and only target the consequential changes to the involved tissues, such as destruction of the LES, rather than restoring or modifying the underlying pathology. New therapies should aim to stop the disease at early stages, thereby preventing the consequential changes from developing and inhibiting permanent damage. This review focuses on the known characteristics of idiopathic achalasia that will help promote understanding its pathogenesis and improve therapeutic management to positively impact the patient's quality of life. | Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda Samuel Torres-Landa Miguel ángel Valdovinos Enrique Coss-Adame Luis A Martín del Campo Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，35： | 4 |
| 2 | Chronic hepatitis induced by Jin Bu Huan显示文摘 | Picciotto A Campo N Brizzolara R | 1998 | J Hepatol1998，28，： | 1 |
| 3 | Targeting and topology in the membrane of plant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coen- zyme A reductase显示文摘 | Campos N Boronat A | 1995 | Plant Cell1995，7，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Chronic hepatitis induced by Jin Bu Huan显示文摘 | Picciotti A Campo N Brizzolara R | 1998 | Hepatol1998，28，： | 1 |
| 5 | Enhanced flux through the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway in Arobidopsis plants overexpressing , deoxyxylulose 5- phosphate reductoisomerase显示文摘 | CARRETERO-PAULET L CAIRO A BOTELLA-PAV:A P BE- SUMBES O CAMPOS N BORONAT A RODRfGUEZ-CONCEP- CIO M | 2006 | Plant Mol Biol2006，62，45： | 1 |
| 6 | 1-Deoxy-D-xy- lulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase and plastid isoprenoid biosyn- thesis during tomato fruit ripening 显示文摘 | RODRtGUEZ-CONCEPCION M AHUMADA I DIEZ-JUEZ E SAURET-GUETO S MARIA LOIS L GALLEGO F CAR- RETERO-PAULET L CAMPOS N BORONAT A | 2001 | Plant J2001，27，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Development of edible films and coatings with antimicrobial activity显示文摘 | CAMPOS C A GERSCHENSON L N FLORES S K | 2010 | Food Bioprocess Technol2010，4，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor 显示文摘 | Sliekers A O Derwort N Campos Gomez J L | 2002 | Wat Res2002，36，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Lower activation in the right frontoparietal network during a counting Stroop task in a cocaine-dependent group显示文摘 | Barrós-Loscertales A Bustamante J C Campos N V | 2011 | Psychiatry Res2011，194，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Development of edible films and coatings with antimicrobial activity显示文摘 | Campos C A Gerschenson L N Flores S K | 2011 | Food and Bioprocess Technology2011，4，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Phase U study of carboplatin and pemetrexed for the treatment of plati- num- sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer显示文摘 | MATULONIS U A HOROWITZ N S CAMPOS S M | 2008 | J Clin 0ncol2008，26，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Sudden sensori- neural hearing loss and vertigo associated with arterial occlu- sive disease: three case reports and literature review显示文摘 | Castro Junior N P Almeida C I Campos C A | 2007 | Sao Paulo Med J2007，125，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Formal contracts in fresh produce markets 显示文摘 | Poole N D Del Campo Gomis F J JuliO Igual J F et a| | 1998 | Food Policy1998，23，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Development of edible films and coatings with antimicrobial activity 显示文摘 | Campos C A Gerschenson L N Flores S K | 2011 | Food Bioprocess Technology2011，，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Ant community structure along an extended rain forest-savanna gradient in tropical Australia显示文摘 | van Ingen L T Campos R I Andersen A N | 2008 | Journal of Tropical Ecology2008，24，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Cadmium uptake by hydroxyapatite synthesized in different conditions and submitted to thermal treatment显示文摘 | Rocha N C C Campos R C Ross A M | 2002 | Environmental Science and Technology2002，36，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Development of edible films and coatings with antimicrobial activity显示文摘 | Campos C A Gerschenson L N Flores S K | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 18 | The FOXP1 winged he- lix transcription factor is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p显示文摘 | Banham A H Beasley N Campo E | 2001 | Cancer Res2001，61，24： | 1 |
| 19 | Nerve growth factor and its high-affinity receptor trkA participate in the control of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in epithelial ovarian cancer显示文摘 | Campos X Mu(n)oz Y Selman A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor显示文摘 | Sliekers A O Derwort N Campos J L | 2004 | Water Res2004，36，： | 1 |
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