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| 1 | Mixed-layer water oscillations in tropical Pacific for ENSO cycle显示文摘The main modes of interannal variabilities of thermocline and sea surface wind stress in the tropical Pacific and their interactions are investigated,which show the following results.(1) The thermocline anomalies in the tropical Pacific have a zonal dipole pattern with 160°W as its axis and a meridional seesaw pattern with 6-8°N as its transverse axis.The meridional oscillation has a phase lag of about 90° to the zonal oscillation,both oscillations get together to form the El Ni?o/La Ni?a cycle,which be-haves as a mixed layer water oscillates anticlockwise within the tropical Pacific basin between equator and 12°N.(2) There are two main patterns of wind stress anomalies in the tropical Pacific,of which the first component caused by trade wind anomaly is characterized by the zonal wind stress anomalies and its corresponding divergences field in the equatorial Pacific,and the abnormal cross-equatorial flow wind stress and its corresponding divergence field,which has a sign opposite to that of the equatorial region,in the off-equator of the tropical North Pacific,and the second component represents the wind stress anomalies and corresponding divergences caused by the ITCZ anomaly.(3) The trade winds anomaly plays a decisive role in the strength and phase transition of the ENSO cycle,which results in the sea level tilting,provides an initial potential energy to the mixed layer water oscillation,and causes the opposite thermocline displacement between the west side and east side of the equator and also between the equator and 12°N of the North Pacific basin,therefore determines the amplitude and route for ENSO cycle.The ITCZ anomaly has some effects on the phase transition.(4) The thermal anomaly of the tropical western Pacific causes the wind stress anomaly and extends eastward along the equator accompanied with the mixed layer water oscillation in the equatorial Pacific,which causes the trade winds anomaly and produces the anomalous wind stress and the corresponding divergence in favor to conduce the oscillation,which in turn intensifies the oscillation.The coupled system of ocean-atmo-sphere interactions and the inertia gravity of the mixed layer water oscillation provide together a phase-switching mechanism and interannual memory for the ENSO cycle.In conclusion,the ENSO cycle essentially is an inertial oscillation of the mixed layer water induced by both the trade winds anomaly and the coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tropical Pacific basin between the equator and 12°N.When the force produced by the coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction is larger than or equal to the resistance caused by the mixed layer water oscillation,the oscillation will be stronger or maintain as it is,while when the force is less than the resistance,the oscillation will be weaker,even break. | ZHAO YongPing1,CHEN YongLi1,WANG Fan1 & WU AiMing2 1 Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China 2 Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,BC,V6T 1Z4,Canada | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，12： | 7 |
| 2 | Two-Dimensional Graphs Moving by Mean Curvature Flow | CHEN Jing Yi Department of Mathematics.The University of British Columbia.Vancouver.B.C..Canada V6T 1Z2 E-mail:jychen@math.ubc.caLI Jia Yu Institute of Mathematics.Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences.Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100080.P.R.China Department of Mathematics.Fudan University.Shanghai 200433.P.R.China E-mail:lijia@math03.math.ac.cnTIAN Gang Department of Mathematics,MIT.Cambridge.MA 02139.U.S.A.E-mail:tian@math,mit.edu | 2002 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2002，18，2： | 7 |
| 3 | Historical seismicity of South China from European sources:example of the Hong Kong Newspaper Press显示文摘HistoricalseismicityofSouthChinafromEuropeansources:exampleoftheHongKongNewspaperPressR.M.W.MUSSON(BritishGeologicalSurvey,We... | R. M. W. MUSSON(British Geological Survey, West Mains Road,Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK) | 1995 | Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)1995，8，3： | 5 |
| 4 | ELIMIMATION OF RANDOM DEFACTS IN AEROSPACE MATERIALS显示文摘In the pastfew years,severalnew melting processeshavebeenindustrialised forthe produc tion ofsuperalloys,titanium alloysand high qualitysteelsfor useintheaero engineindustry.Theseincludeelectron beam , plasma,inductionskull,andthe”triple melt”process( VIM + ESR+ VAR) . These developments have allbeen instituted in responsetothe major per ceived problem oftheindustry ;that oftheincidence of random defectsin the alloys whichcause problemsinregardto predictablelifing ofthefinished partinservice. Thedirectconse quenceofthe uncertaintyislossof revenue due to premature retirement of parts which mayhavecompleted on a fraction oftheir actualservicelife; a conservatism on the partof design parameters whichleadsto uneccesary weightin thepart;and ariskofeitherservicefailuresor partrecalls whichinterruptengine performance. Thebenefitsoftheprocesschangesinrespectoftheproducts’absolute propertiesand alsoonthereproducibility and inspectability ofthose properties have been substantial. Itisclearthattheprocesses offer the industry a solution to the present dilem ma of how to treatthe ”rare”defectsfrom the pointof view of fracture mechanicslifing methodology. The use ofprocesscontrols which guarantee”zero defect”productisdevelopingintoacriticaltoolfortheextension oftherangeof a given alloy’s use. Itislikelyto permit very substantial gainsinboth componentlife and intheallowablestressin rotating parts withoutthe needtointroduce new materials carrying new problems of user confidence, production reliability and data base. Weconcludethatthenew processesareatastageof development wherethey arereadyforwideindustry usein production. They will not add significantly tothecomponentcost andthey willgive a renwed lifespan to the more familiar materials and methodsof aero engineconstruction. | A. Mitchell Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC,Canada | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure显示文摘 | British Thoracic Society Standard of Care Committee | 2002 | Thorax2002，57，3： | 1 |
| 6 | British Thoracic Society guide- lines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism 显示文摘 | British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee Pulmonary Em- bolism Guideline Development Group | 2003 | Thorax2003，58，： | 1 |
| 7 | Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure显示文摘 | British Thoracic Society Standards of Care | 2002 | Thorax2002，57，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Guidelines for the investigation and management lf idiopat hic thrombocytopenic purpura adults,children and pregnancy显示文摘 | British Committee for standards in Haematology General Haematology Task Force | 2003 | Br J Haematol2003，120，57： | 1 |
| 9 | Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial显示文摘 | | 1995 | Neurology1995，45，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema显示文摘 | British Medical Research Council Working Party | 1981 | Lancet1981，1，： | 1 |
| 11 | Columbia flood scars:maximum flood-stage indicators显示文摘 | British A G | 1996 | Geomorphology1996，14，： | 1 |
| 12 | A double- blind pla-cebo- controlled clinical trial of three anti-tuberculosis chemo-prophylaxis regimens in patients with silicosis in Hong Kong显示文摘 | Hong Kong Chest Service Tuberculosis Research Centre Ma-dras British Medical Research Council | 1992 | Am Rev Respir Dis1992，145，： | 1 |
| 13 | Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of AL amyloidosis 显示文摘 | Guidelines Working Group of UK Myeloma Forum British Commit- tee for Standards in Haematology | 2004 | Br J Haemato12004，125，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Guidelines for investigation and man- agement of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in aduhs,children and in pregnancy显示文摘 | British Society of Haematology | 2003 | Br J Haematol2003，120，4： | 1 |
| 15 | BTS guide-lines for the community acquired pnuemonia in childhood显示文摘 | British Thoracic Society of standards of care committee | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of AL amyloidosis显示文摘 | Guidelines Working Group of UK Myeloma Forum British Commitee for Standards in Haematology British Society for Haematology | 2004 | Br J Haematol2004，125，： | 1 |
| 17 | Guidelines on the man- agement of massive blood loss显示文摘 | British Committee for standards in Haematology St- ainsby D MacLennan S | 2006 | British Journal of Haematology2006，135，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Guidelines for pre-transfusion compatibility procedures in blood transfusion laboratories 显示文摘 | British Committee fir Standards in Haematology Milkins C Berryman J | 2013 | Transfus Med2013，23，： | 1 |
| 19 | Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults显示文摘 | Carter MJ Lobo AJ Travis SP IBD Section British Society of Gastroenterology | 2004 | Gut2004，53，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Guideline for the investigation and management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults children and in pregnancy显示文摘 | British Committee for standards in Haematology General Hametological Task Force | 2003 | Bri J HaeMatol2003，120，4： | 1 |
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