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| 1 | 睡眠呼吸暂停人群高血压患病率的多中心研究显示文摘目的调查我国睡眠呼吸暂停人群高血压患病情况和影响因素。方法纳入2004至2006年全国20家三甲医院呼吸内科门诊就诊的2297例患者,男:女为1310:211,均经过询问病史、体格检查和多导睡眠监测。统一使用中华医学会呼吸病学分会睡眠呼吸疾病学组编制的《睡眠呼吸暂停与高血压发病情况问卷调查表》对受试者进行问卷和规范的血压测量。应用 SPSS 11.0软件包进行数据分析,采用 X^2检验比较高血压患病率。结果呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)<5次/h 组(213例)的高血压患病率(23.5%)明显低于 AHI≥5次/h 组(2084例)的高血压患病率(49.3%);阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)人群的高血压患病率为56.2%(569/1012);有高血压家族史人群的高血压患病率为63.7%(450/706),明显高于无家族史者39.4%(627/1591)的患病率;AHI≥5次/h 组的高血压患病几率是 AHI<5次/h 组的3倍(OR=3.167,95%CI 为2.953~5.426,P<0.01);受试人群的高血压患病率随 AHI 增加而增加,自 AHI 16~20次/h 起患病率增高幅度明显加大,AHI 66~70次/h 以后呈下降趋势。经计算得出公式:高血压患病率=0.3199+0.0042×AHI;高血压患病的 OR 值=1.018+0.017×AHI,同时,受试者的高血压患病率随睡眠最低血氧饱和度的减低而明显增高,随嗜睡指数增高而明显增高。受试人群的 AHI 为独立于年龄、性别、体重指数和高血压家族史之外的高血压危险因素。结论睡眠呼吸暂停人群的高血压患病率明显高于无睡眠呼吸暂停人群,睡眠呼吸暂停与高血压患病率有密切的相关关系,是独立于年龄、体重指数和高血压家族史的高血压患病危险因素。 | Sleep Breathing Disorder Group of Respiratory Diseases Branch,Chinese Medical Association | 2007 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2007，30，12： | 123 |
| 2 | 前瞻性和回顾性心电门控冠状动脉64层CT成像:影像质量和病人放射剂量的对照性研究显示文摘目的比较一组接受前瞻性心电门控64层CT冠状动脉成像病人及另一组接受回顾性心电门控64层CT冠状动脉病人的成像质量及病人放射剂量。方法本研究依从HIPAA法案并得到了机构审查委员会的批准。由于设计是回顾性研究故不需要知情同意。2位独立阅片者分别对100例病人心脏CT成像(每组各50例)的冠状动脉进行分段影像质量评分和综合评分。计算观察者间偏差。记录对应实际扫描Z轴长度的病人放射剂量,以Z轴长度为12cm的典型心脏计算标准化剂量。结果2组病例的临床特征及CT参数匹配良好。 | W.P. Shuman K.R. Branch J.M. May L.M. Mitsumori D.W. Lockhart T.J.Dubinsky 邱建星(译) 唐光健(校) | 2008 | 国际医学放射学杂志2008，31，5： | 129 |
| 3 | 糖尿病足诊治指南显示文摘糖尿病足是糖尿病严重而又治疗费用高的慢性并发症。该文系统介绍糖尿病足的基本概念,糖尿病下肢缺血与下肢动脉硬化合并糖尿病的区别,糖尿病病变的特点与预后。着重介绍糖尿病足的治疗,包括下肢动脉介入治疗、动脉旁路重建、干细胞,移植。对大动脉、中等动脉和小动脉治疗方案的选择,以及围手术期处理等都进行了详细的论述。 | China Branch of the International Union of Angiology Diabetic Foot Committee | 2013 | 介入放射学杂志2013，22，9： | 269 |
| 4 | 肿瘤相关抑郁状态中医诊疗专家共识显示文摘《肿瘤相关抑郁状态中医诊疗专家共识》由6部分组成:1定义:肿瘤相关抑郁是以肿瘤为基础疾病而引发的一组症状或状态,并非精神病性抑郁,推荐用'肿瘤相关抑郁状态'名词术语;建议用'郁证'作为中医病证名。2发病:心理因素、癌性疼痛、癌性疲乏、睡眠障碍、手术创伤、放疗、化疗与肿瘤相关抑郁状态发生密切相关;因郁致病、因病致郁以及肝郁、脾虚导致痰、湿、瘀相互交织是中医关键病因病机。3症状:由核心症状、心理症状与躯体症状三部分构成。其中,心境或情绪低落、兴趣缺乏与乐趣丧失是临床诊断的主要依据。4筛查:参考国际神经精神访谈量表,结合数字疼痛分级法制定调查问卷,对肿瘤患者进行抑郁状态筛查是为了区分精神病性抑郁症与肿瘤相关抑郁,以帮助肿瘤科医生能够迅速甄别、及时治疗或转诊。5诊断:参照中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMD-3),结合肿瘤患者诊治过程的心境变化来综合考虑。6治疗:必须与抗肿瘤同时进行。轻度抑郁状态可采用心理干预、音乐放松、教育引导、体育训练、针灸等非药物干预的综合疗法;中度以上抑郁状态,以中医辨证治疗为主,辅助抗抑郁药物治疗;严重抑郁状态或发展或/并构成精神疾病诊断时,应按照中国法律,及时转诊到精神病医院或转交精神科医生诊治。 | Hematology Branch of Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine | 2015 | 中华中医药杂志2015，30，12： | 83 |
| 5 | 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension——A report of the Revision Committee of Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension显示文摘Table of Contents Preamble 1 Prevalence of hypertension in Chinese population 1.1 Prevalence,incidence and epidemic trend of hypertension in Chinese population 1.2 Awareness,treatment and control of Hypertension in China 1.3 Important risk factors for hypertension in Chinese population 2 Hypertension and cardiovascular risk 2.1 Relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk 2.2 Cardiovascular risk characteristics of hypertension population in China 3 Diagnostic evaluation 3.1 Medical history 3.2 Physical examination 3.3 Laboratory examinations 3.4 Genetic analysis 3.5 BP measurement 3.6 Evaluation of target organ damage. | Joint Committee for Guideline Revision Chinese Hypertension League Chinese Society of Cardiology Hypertension Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association Hypertension Branch of the China Association for the Promotion of International Exchanges of Health Care Hypertension Branch of the Chinese Geriatrics Society Li–Sheng LIU | 2019 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2019，16，3： | 95 |
| 6 | Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone in northeastern South China Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations显示文摘A segment of Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone was inferred across the northeastern South China Sea at approximately NE45° orientation. Basic evidence includes the following: A belt of peek gross horizontal Bouguer gravity gradient (PGHGBA) is comparable in size and intensity to that of the Manila subduction-accretion zone. A belt of high positive magnetic anomalies appears to the north and sub-parallel to the PGHGBA, representing the volcanic arc associated to the subduction zone. The PGHGBA crosses obliquely both Cenozoic structures and present seafloor topography, indicating a pre-Cenozoic age. The segment is offset left-laterally by NW-running strike-slip faults, in concord with the Mesozoic stress field of South China. In addition, the existence of the subduction zone is supported by wide-angle seismic data obtained in different years by different institutions. At approximate localities, a north-dipping ramp of Moho surface is indicated by records of ocean-bottom seismometers, and a strong reflector about 8 km beneath the Moho reflector is indicated by both OBS and long-cable seismic records. The identification of a segment of Mesozoic subduction zone in NE South China Sea fills nicely the gap of the Great Late Mesozoic Circum SE Asia Subduction-acrretion Zone, which extended from Sumatra, Java, SE Kalimantan to N Palawan, and from Taiwan, Ryukyu to SW Japan. | ZHOU Di1, WANG Wanyin2, WANG Jialin3, PANG Xiong4, CAI Dongsheng5 & SUN Zhen1 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guang- zhou 510301, China 2. College of Geological and Topographical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China 3. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 4. China National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen 518067, China 5. China National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Research Center, Beijing 100027, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，5： | 52 |
| 7 | 下腔静脉滤器置入术和取出术规范的专家共识显示文摘在回顾历史、分析现状的基础上,提出下腔静脉滤器置入术和取出术的适应证与禁忌证。对围手术期处理、操作步骤、并发症防治作了归纳总结和说明。强调尽量使用临时性滤器和可取出滤器,以降低由于滤器长期置入而引起的并发症的发生率。 | Academic Group of Interventional Radiology,Radiology Branch of Chinese Medical Association.Department of Radiology,the First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210006,China | 2011 | 介入放射学杂志2011，20，5： | 51 |
| 8 | Research on the dynamics of the South China Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling显示文摘Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South China Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32 to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South China Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South China Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South China Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South China Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South China Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision. | SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 510240, China 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina, Panjin 124010, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，10： | 45 |
| 9 | Control of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations by 2050: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries显示文摘This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. That a system rooted in 'cumulative emissions per capita,' the best conception of the 'common but differentiated responsibilities' principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2005, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2006―2050), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2050, actual emissions from 1900 to 2005, emissions levels in 2005, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2005―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2005 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2005 had already expended their 2050 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (20 dollars per ton of CO2). Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2006 to 2050 would still be much higher than those of developing countries; under such circumstance, these future emissions would create more than 6.3 trillion US dollars in emissions deficits. Because of their low cumulative emissions per capita, most developing countries fall within one of the latter two groups, which means that they have leeway for making emissions decisions in the future. Although China accounts for more than 30% of the total global emissions allowance from 2006 to 2050, its total emissions can be controlled within that allow-ance by no other way than reducing its future emissions growth rates. In the end, nine key issues related to international climate negotiations were briefly addressed. | DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2, GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，10： | 50 |
| 10 | Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute pancreatitis显示文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a useful tool in the evaluation and management of acute pancreatitis. This review will focus on the role of ERCP in specific causes of acute pancreatitis, including microlithiasis and gallstone disease, pancreas divisum, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, tumors of the pancreaticobiliary tract, pancreatic pseudocysts, and pancreatic duct injury. Indications for endoscopic techniques such as biliary and pancreatic sphincterotomy, stenting, stricture dilation, treatment of duct leaks, drainage of fluid collections and stone extraction will also be discussed in this review. With the advent of less invasive and safer diagnostic modalities including endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), ERCP is appropriately becoming a therapeutic rather than diagnostic tool in the management of acute pancreatitis and its complications. | Karen R Canlas Malcolm S Branch | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，47： | 48 |
| 11 | Structural characteristics of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea显示文摘The Tan-Lu fault zone across the eastern margin of the Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea is a NNE-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system developed in the Cenozoic basin cover. It cuts through NE-to NNE-striking major extensional faults that controlled the formation of Paleogene basins. Recent petroleum exploration indicates that Cenozoic structural activities of the Tan-Lu fault system have directly or indirectly affected oil and gas distribution offshore the Bohai Sea. As part of a deep fault zone the Tan-Lu fault zone has been activated since the Oligocene,and obviously affected the tectonic evolution of offshore Bohai basins since then. The formation of Paleogene rift basins offshore the Bohai Sea has utilized the pre-existing structural elements of the Tan-Lu fault zone that developed in the late Mesozoic. | QI JiaFu1,2,ZHOU XinHuai3,DENG RongJing4 & ZHANG KeXin2 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China Petroleum University,Beijing 102249,China 2 Department of Earth Sciences,China Petroleum University,Beijing 102200,China 3 Tianjin Branch of CNOOC China Limited,Tianjin 300451,China 4 Beijing Research Center of CNOOC China Limited,Beijing100027,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 33 |
| 12 | Structural characteristics and petroliferous features of Tarim Basin显示文摘Using the modern tectonic geology theories andmethods such as the plate tectonic analysis, the paleo-struc-ture analysis, the structural-Iithofacies analysis, and the faultrelated fold and petroleum system, and combining with theseismic data, well drilling data and the circumferential fieldgeology, study on the structural characteristics and petro-leum prospect in the Tarim Basin has been carried out. Re-sults show that the Tarim Basin is a large superimpositionand combination basin with continental crustal basement,composed of a Paleozoic craton and Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins. The characteristics of the basin are: the kernel partof the basin is the marine facies Paleozoic craton, superim-posed 4 continental facies foreland basins. Though the scaleof the paleozoic craton of the Tarim Basin is relatively small,the structure is steady. The petroleum prospect of the Paleo-zoic craton is: multiphase pool-generation and accumulationcontrolled by ancient uplift. The Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins in the Tarim Basin, which are distributed on the era-tonic circumference and are a long-term subsidence, turnedinto rejuvenated foreland basins after the Meso-Cenozoicperiod. The petroleum prospects are: coal-bed generatinghydrocarbon, abundant natural gas, pool-generation in laterand recent periods, the oil and gas distribution controlled bythe foreland thrust belt. The structural characteristics ofTarim provide it with a superimposition and combinationpetroleum system of multiple resources, multiple reservoirsand multiphase pool-generation. The oil and gas explorationprospect covers two large fields: the Paleozoic craton and theMeso-Cenozoic foreland thrust belt. | JIA Chengzao~1 & WEI Guoqi~2 1. PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100011, China 2. Langfang Branch of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Langfang 065007, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，S1： | 28 |
| 13 | 中国丙型病毒性肝炎医院感染防控指南显示文摘丙型病毒性肝炎是一种主要经血液传播的疾病,丙型病毒性肝炎病毒(HCV)慢性感染可导致肝脏慢性炎症坏死及纤维化,部分患者可发展为肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌(HCC),对患者的健康和生命危害极大,已成为严重的社会和公共卫生问题。由于丙型病毒性肝炎患者症状隐匿, | Nosocomial Infection Control Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association | 2013 | 传染病信息2013，26，2： | 28 |
| 14 | 常见先天性心脏病介入治疗中国专家共识 五、先天性心脏病复合畸形的介入治疗显示文摘先天性心脏复合畸形为同时患有2种或2种以上心血管畸形,能够同期进行介入治疗,其技术操作并非单一技术的简单相加,而有其特殊性。本文介绍室间隔缺损合并房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣狭窄;房间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣狭窄、左房室瓣狭窄(鲁登巴赫综合征)及主动脉缩窄合并动脉导管未闭等复合畸形的病理生理改变与临床特点、介入治疗适应证和禁忌证、治疗原则和注意事项、术后处理以及疗效判定等。 | Committee on Congenital Heart Diseases,Internal Medicine Branch of Cadiovascular Diseases,Chinese Physicians’ Association | 2011 | 介入放射学杂志2011，20，5： | 26 |
| 15 | The distribution rule and seepage effect of the fractures in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir in east Gansu Province,Ordos Basin显示文摘To study the impact of the fractures on development in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of the Yangchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin,data on outcrops,cores,slices,well logging and experiments are utilized to analyze the cause of the formation of the fractures,their distribution rules and the control factors and discuss the seepage flow effect of the fractures. In the studied area developed chiefly high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal bedding fractures,inter-granular fractures and grain boundary fractures as well. Grain boundary fractures and intragranular fractures serve as vital channels linking intragranular pores and intergranular solution pores in the reservoir matrix,thus providing a good connectivity between the pores in the ultra-low perme-ability sandstone reservoir. The formation of fractures and their distribution are influenced by such external and internal factors as the palaeo-tectonic stress field,the reservoir lithological character,the thickness of the rock layer and the anisotropy of a layer. The present-day stress field influences the preservative state of fractures and their seepage flow effect. Under the tec-tonic effect of both the Yanshan and Himalayan periods,in this region four sets of fractures are distributed,respectively assuming the NE-SW,NW-SE,nearly E-W and nearly S-N orientations,but,due to the effect of the rock anisotropy of the rock formation,in some part of it two groups of nearly orthogonal fractures are chiefly distributed. Under the effect of the present-day stress field,the fractures that assume the NE-SW direction have a good connectivity,big apertures,a high permeability and a minimum starting pressure,all of which are main advantages of the seepage fractures in this region. With the development of oilfields,the permeability of the fractures of dif-ferent directions will have a dynamic change. | ZENG LianBo1,GAO ChunYu2,QI JiaFu1,WANG YongKang2,LI Liang2 & QU XueFeng2 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 Changqing Oilfield Branch,PetroChina,Xi’an 163517,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 22 |
| 16 | Preliminary study on the origin identification of natural gas by the parameters of light hydrocarbon显示文摘The light hydrocarbon composition of 209 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of China have been determined and analyzed.Some identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or corrected.The differences of compound-specificδ13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been founded.The humic-sourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene > -24‰,δ13C toluene >-23‰,δ13C cyclohexane >-24‰andδ13C methyl cyclohexane >-24‰,while the sapropelicsourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene <-24‰,δ13C toluene <-24‰,δ13C cyclohexane <-24‰and δ13C methyl cyclohexane <-24‰.Among the components of C7 light hydrocarbon compound,such as normal heptane(nC7),methyl cyclohexane(MCH)and dimethyl cyclopentane(ΣDMCP),etc,relative contents of nC7 and MCH are influenced mainly by the source organic matter type of natural gas.Therefore,it is suggested that the gas with relative content of nC7 of more than 30%and relative content of MCH of less than 70%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35%and relative content of MCH of more than 50%is humic-sourced gas.Among components of C5-7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of more than 30%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of less than 30%is humic-sourced gas.These paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas. | HU GuoYi 1,2,3 ,LI Jian 1,2 ,LI Jin 1,2 ,LI ZhiSheng 1,2 ,LUO Xia 1,2 ,SUN QingWu 1,2 &MA ChengHua 1,2 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development(Langfang Branch),Petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 2 The Key Laboratory of Gas Formation and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 3 College of Geo-Resources and Information,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102200,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 19 |
| 17 | Regulation of the G1 phase of the mammalian cell cycle显示文摘In any multi-cellular organism, the balance between cell division and cell death maintains a constant cell number. Both cell division cycle and cell death are highly regulated events. Whether the cell will proceed through the cycle or not, depends upon whether the conditions required at the checkpoints during the cycle are fulfilled. In higher eucaryotic cells, such as mammalian cells, signals that arrest the cycle usually act at a G1 checkpoint. Cells that pass this restriction point are committed to complete the cycle. Regulation of the GI phase of the cell cycle is extremely complex and involves many different families of proteins such as retinoblastoma family cyclin dependent kinases, cyclins, and cyclic kinase inhibitors. | DONJERKOVIC DUBRRAVKA DAVID W SCOTT (Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD) | 2000 | Cell Research2000，10，1： | 18 |
| 18 | 我国钢铁工业吨钢综合能耗的剖析显示文摘本文为陆钟武教授代表中国金属学会冶金能源分会于1991年11月10日在北京举行的中国金属学会第五次全国会员代表大会上所做的学术报告,该报告在展开吨钢综合能耗基本计算式的基础上,对我国各工序能耗及各工序钢比系数的实际变化情况进行了分析说明,得出了为了降低吨钢综合能耗,一要降低各工序的钢比系数、二要降低各工序能耗的重要结论,并把它们作为今后的节能方向.文章认为:既注意节能,又注意降耗,我国的钢铁工业在能源上将向节能型迈进,在经济上将向效益型迈进。 | Metallurgical Energy Branch, CSM | 1992 | 冶金能源1992，11，1： | 18 |
| 19 | On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and some related issues显示文摘We evaluated and ran simulations for seven proposals for the reduction of global CO2 emissions (e.g.,those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),United Nations Development Program,and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).All the proposals ignored the fact that the cumulative CO2 emissions per capita for developed countries were 7.54 times those for developing countries in the historical period of 1900-2005.These proposals further deliberately allocate 2006-2050 emission quotas to developed countries that are 2.3-6.7 times those to developing countries.This will seriously violate the development rights of developing countries.This paper clearly states that proposals such as that of the IPCC are not suitable references for future international climate change negotiations as they violate the fundamentals of fairness and equity in international relationships and the UNFCCC principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities'.Comparing estimates of emissions in China in the scenario of rapid development with low-CO2-emission technology in the period 2006-2050 with estimates for other countries and groups,we find that China can logically and morally argue for equivalent emission rights even in the case of the strict CO2 concentration target of 450-470 ppmv. | DING ZhongLi1,DUAN XiaoNan2,GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 CAS Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library,Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment of CAS,Lanzhou 730000,China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，2： | 18 |
| 20 | Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane显示文摘The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the flowing water could fractionate the carbon isotope of methane, and easily take heavy carbon isotope away through dissolution. | QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2, SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 232000, China 3. Langfang Branch, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Langfang 065007, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，12： | 14 |
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