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| 1 | Modeling of elastic wave propagation on a curved free surface using an improved finite-difference algorithm显示文摘Based on existing direct and imaging methods of a staggered finite-difference scheme, an improved algorithm for staggered finite-difference is proposed to implement rugged topographic free boundary conditions. This method assumes that the free surface can be implemented with horizontal and vertical free surface segments and their corners; the free surface passes through the grid points of shear stress components, instead of the normal stress components. Imaging is carried out for stress components in both horizontal and vertical directions, thus increasing the accuracy. To update particle- velocities, imaging and updating are first performed in the horizontal direction, and then in the vertical direction. The numerical results for elastic flat horizontal free surface with the imaging method and those for flat free surfaces of various slope angles with the proposed method are compared, and are shown to be in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed method is that only the stresses are dealt with in implementing the free surface into the staggered algorithm, which improves computation efficiency. | WANG Xiuming1,3 & ZHANG Hailan2 1. CSIRO Petroleum, ARRC, PO BOX 1130, Technology Park, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia 2. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 3. Present address: Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China | 2004 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2004，47，5： | 11 |
| 2 | Hydrocarbon accumulation in network and its application in the continental rift basin显示文摘The concept of hydrocarbon accumulation in network was presented on basis of the overall analysis of the formation and evolution characteristics of the continental faulted basin and of the systemic re-search on the major controlling factors on the hydrocarbon accumulation. The hydrocarbon accumu-lation in network can be defined as hydrocarbon accumulation in a three-dimensional network system which is constituted by the hydrocarbon migration passages under multiple dynamics,following the hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. The research shows that the hydrocarbon accumulation in network is composed of four elements,i.e.,hydrocarbon source (source rock kitchen),hydrocarbon accumulation terminal (trap),network pathway connecting source and terminal (transporting system),and network potential driving hydrocarbon migration in the network pathway (migration dynamics). Compared with other networks,hydrocarbon accumulation in network has three basic characteristics: the irreversible geological process of material and information flow in the network; the loss of material and information in the flow process in the network; the multiple dynamics in the flow process. Interac-tion of all the elements in the geological process can be called hydrocarbon accumulation in network. There are three basic models for hydrocarbon accumulation in network,that is,hydrocarbon accumu-lation in the network source area,hydrocarbon accumulation in the network pathway,and hydrocarbon accumulation in the network terminal. The key in the application of the hydrocarbon accumulation models in network in practice is to confirm the major accumulation stage and the function range of the four elements controlling the hydrocarbon firstly,to predict the profitable accumulation region by su-perposition of the favorable areas confirmed by four elements consequently,and to evaluate the oil-bearing property of the trap as well as confirm drilling targets. This paper takes the Dongying De-pression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an application example. | PANG XiongQi1,2,CHEN DongXia1,ZHANG ShanWen3,HAO Fang1,LIU Zheng1,LIU KeYu3,SONG GuoQi4,WANG YongShi4,LUO XiaoRong5 & WU XiaoChun61 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,Chinese University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 Basin and Reservoir Center,Chinese University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 3 SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield,Dongying 257051,China 4 CSIRO Petroleum,P. O. Box 1130,Bentley,WA 6102,Australia 5 Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100029,China 6 China National Petroleum Corporation,Beijing 100724,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 3 |
| 3 | Formation mechanisms of heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Depression,Bohai Gulf Basin显示文摘The Liaohe Oilfield in the Liaohe Western Depression of the Bohai Gulf Basin is the third-largest oil producing province and the largest heavy oil producing oilfield in China. A total of 65 oil samples,35 rock samples and 36 reservoir sandstone samples were collected and analyzed utilizing conventional geochemical and biogeochemical approaches to unravel the mechanisms of the formation of the heavy oils. Investigation of the oils with the lowest maturity compared with the oils in the Gaosheng and Niuxintuo oilfields indicates no apparent relation between the maturity and physical properties of the heavy oils. It is suggested that the heavy oil with primary origin is not likely the main mechanism re-sponsible for the majority of the heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Slope. The absence and/or depletion of n-alkanes etc.,with relatively low molecular weight and the occurrence of 25-norhopane series in the heavy oils as well as the relatively high acidity of the oils all suggest that the majority of the heavy oils once experienced secondary alteration. The fingerprints of the total scanning fluorescence (TSF) of the inner adsorbed hydrocarbons on the reservoir grains and the included hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions are similar to that of the normal oils in the area but are different from the outer adsorbed and reser-voired free oils at present,further indicating that most of the heavy oils are secondary in origin. Analyses of bacteria (microbes) in 7 oil samples indicate that anaerobic and hyperthermophilic Ar-chaeoglobus sp. are the dominant microbes relevant to oil biodegradation,which coincides with the shallow commercial gas reservoirs containing anaerobic bacteria derived gas in the Gaosheng and Leijia teotonic belts. The biodegradation most likely occurs at the water/oil interface,where the forma-tion water is essential for microbe removal and nutrient transportation. We think that biodegradation,water washing and oxidization are interrelated and are the main mechanisms for the formation of the heavy oils. Biodegradation was the predominant process with water washing being a prerequisite,and oxidization acting as a metabolic manifestation. This study provides unique approaches for further investigation of the formation mechanisms of heavy oils in general,and may provide some important insight for the exploration of shallow biogas in the area. | LI SuMei1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU KeYu3,GAO XianZhi1,2,LI XiaoGuang4,CHEN ZhenYan4 & LIU BaoHong41 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleam,Beijing 102249,China 2 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 3 CSIRO Petroleum,P.O. Box 1130,Bentley WA 6102,Australia 4 Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd,PetroChina,Panjin 124010,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 2 |
| 4 | Computational simulation of wave propagation problems in infinite domains显示文摘This paper deals with the computational simulation of both scalar wave and vector wave propagation problems in infinite domains. Due to its advantages in simulating complicated geometry and complex material properties, the finite element method is used to simulate the near field of a wave propagation problem involving an infinite domain. To avoid wave reflection and refraction at the common boundary between the near field and the far field of an infinite domain, we have to use some special treatments to this boundary. For a wave radiation problem, a wave absorbing boundary can be applied to the common boundary between the near field and the far field of an infinite domain, while for a wave scattering problem, the dynamic infinite element can be used to propagate the incident wave from the near field to the far field of the infinite domain. For the sake of illustrating how these two different approaches are used to simulate the effect of the far field, a mathematical expression for a wave absorbing boundary of high-order accuracy is derived from a two-dimensional scalar wave radiation problem in an infinite domain, while the detailed mathematical formulation of the dynamic infinite element is derived from a two-dimensional vector wave scattering problem in an infinite domain. Finally, the coupled method of finite elements and dynamic infinite elements is used to investigate the effects of topographical conditions on the free field motion along the surface of a canyon. | ZHAO ChongBin1,2* 1 Computational Geosciences Research Centre, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2 CSIRO Division of Exploration and Mining, P. O. Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，8： | 2 |
| 5 | Angiotensin-converrting enzyme in the human heart: effect of the deletion / insertion polymorphism 显示文摘 | Danser AHJ Schalekamp MADH Box WA | 1995 | Circulation1995，92，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China显示文摘The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China’s spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component analysis is used to delineate spatial patterns. The analyses show that prior to the reform China’s spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast, as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities. Northern provinces were generally more industrialized and economically powerful than the southern ones. After two decades of reform, regional development has become multi-centered with South China, the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country. The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China’s economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout. The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. The north-south disparity also still exists but there has been a role reversal with the south now in the lead position. Virtually all inland provinces now find themselves at or near the low end of the development spectrum. We argue that the major reason for the recent shifts in Chinese space economy is the spatially differentiated economic growth resulted from the reform and open door policy and from the new, uneven development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. The paper discusses four specific factors that have reshaped China’s spatial development patterns. | WANG Enru1, LU Xiang-xing2 (1.Department of Geography University of Washington Smith Hall, Box 353550 Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2. Department of Geography Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506, USA) | 2000 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2000，10，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Angiotensinconverrting enzyme in the human heart: effect of the deletion / insertion polymorphism 显示文摘 | Danser AHJ Schalekamp MADH Box WA | 1995 | Circulation1995，92，6： | 1 |
| 8 | PRACTICAL AND PREDICTIVE MODELLING OF ORE DEPOSITS IN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS显示文摘Over the pastfive years,we have been making efforts to develop a practical and predic- tive tool to exploreforgiantore deposits in hydrothermal systems. Towards this goal,a sig- nificant progress has been made towards a better understanding of the basic physical and chemical processes behind ore body formation and mineralization in hydrothermal systems. On the scientific developmentside,we have developed analytical solutions to answerthe fol- lowing scientific questions:(1) Can thepore- fluid pressure gradientbemaintained atthe val- ue of the lithostaticpressure gradientin the uppercrustof the Earth?and(2 ) Can convective pore- fluid flow take place in the uppercrustof the Earth ifthere is a fluid/mass leakage from the mantle to the upper crustof the Earth?On the modelling developmentside,we have developed numerical methods to model the following problems:(1) convective pore- fluid flow in two- dimensional hydrothermal systems;(2 ) coupled reactive pore- fluid flow and multiple species transport in porous media;(3) precipitation and dissolution of minerals and rock al- teration in the upper crust of the Earth;(4 ) double diffusion driven reactive flow transport in deformable fluid- saturated porous media with particular consideration of temperature- de- pendentchemical reaction rates;(5 ) pore- fluid flow patterns neargeological lenses in hydro- dynamic and hydrothermal systems;(6 ) dissipative structures for nonequilibrium chemical reactions in fluid- saturated porousmedia;(7) convectivepore- fluid flow and the related min- eralization in three- dimensional hydrothermal systems;(8) fluid- rock interaction problems associated with the rock alteration and metamorphic process in fluid- saturated hydrothermal/ sedimentary basins;and (9) various aspects of the fully coupled problem involving material deformation,pore- fluid flow,heattransferand species transport/ chemical reactionsin pore- fluid saturated porous rock masses. The above- mentioned work has significantly enriched our knowledge about the physical and chemical processes related to ore body formation and mineralization in the upper crustof the | ZHAO Chong bin, B. E. Hobbs, H. B. Muhlhaus and A. Ord (CSIRO Division of Exploration and Mining, P. O. Box 437, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia) | 2001 | Geotectonica et Metallogenia2001，25，1： | 1 |
| 9 | RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION: RESEARCH NEEDSAND REFOCUSING PERSPECTIVES显示文摘Depletion of reservoir storage by sedimentation contributes to disasters ranging from increased flooding to loss of water supplies for irrigation and municipal use. Advances in managing reservoir sedimentation may be made by focusing research on physical processes, case histories, and determining what management methods are appropriate given the physical and socioeconomic setting of a project The shortcomings of traditional cost benefit analyses are illustrated and implicated as being partly responsible for the short project life assigned to dams and reservoirs. A short design hit is incompatible with sustainability. Sustainability is not only desirable, but also necessary when dealing with non-renewable resources such as reservoir storage. Recent advances in extending cost benefit analyses for long-term sustainability are described and recommended as starting points for active, multidisciplinary discussion on the topic. | Rollin H. HOTCHKISS (Albrook Hydraulics Lab., Civ. And Env. Eng. Dept., Washington State University, P.O. Box 642910, Pullman, WA 99164-2910. (509) 335- 1927, FAX (509) 335-7632 email rhh@wsu.edu) | 1999 | International Journal of Sediment Research1999，14，2： | 0 |
| 10 | NUMERICAL MODELLING OF LITHOSPHERE EVOLUTION IN THE NORTH CHINA CRATON: THERMAL THINNING VERSUS TECTONIC EXTENSION THINNING显示文摘The boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere essentially represents a thermal boundary (the solidus). Temperature variation across this boundary can lead to the change of lithosphere thickness. In the case of elevated temperatures in a lithospheric layer above 1 200℃, partial melting will begin and the result of that is a thinned lithosphere. The other mechanism that can also thin lithosphere is extension. Stretching during an extension event can result in a thinner and longer lithosphere. The two mechanisms above are the reason why we can alserve large variations in lithosphere thickness spatially across various continents and temporally throughout the geological history. | ZHANG Yan hua 1,2 , LIN Ge 2, WANG Yue jun 2 and FAN Wei ming 2 (1. CSIRO Exploration & Mining, P.O. Box 437, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia 2. Changsha Institute of Geotectonics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410013, China) | 2001 | Geotectonica et Metallogenia2001，25，1： | 0 |
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