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| 1 | A High-Throughput Phenotyping System Using Machine Vision to Quantify Severity of Grapevine Powdery Mildew显示文摘Powdery mildews present specific challenges to phenotyping systems that are based on imaging.Having previously developed lowthroughput,quantitative microscopy approaches for phenotyping resistance to Erysiphe necator on thousands of grape leaf disk samples for genetic analysis,here we developed automated imaging and analysis methods for E.necator severity on leaf disks.By pairing a 46-megapixel CMOS sensor camera,a long-working distance lens providing 3.5×magnification,X-Y sample positioning,and Z-axis focusing movement,the system captured 78%of the area of a 1-cm diameter leaf disk in 3 to 10 focus-stacked images within 13.5 to 26 seconds.Each image pixel represented 1.44 m2 of the leaf disk.A convolutional neural network(CNN)based on GoogLeNet determined the presence or absence of E.necator hyphae in approximately 800 subimages per leaf disk as an assessment of severity,with a training validation accuracy of 94.3%.For an independent image set the CNN was in agreement with human experts for 89.3%to 91.7%of subimages.This live-imaging approach was nondestructive,and a repeated measures time course of infection showed differentiation among susceptible,moderate,and resistant samples.Processing over one thousand samples per day with good accuracy,the system can assess host resistance,chemical or biological efficacy,or other phenotypic responses of grapevine to E.necator.In addition,new CNNs could be readily developed for phenotyping within diverse pathosystems or for diverse traits amenable to leaf disk assays. | Andrew Bierman Tim LaPlumm Lance Cadle-Davidson David Gadoury Dani Martinez Surya Sapkota Mark Rea | 2019 | Plant Phenomics2019，1，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women显示文摘 | Ho GY Bierman R Beardsley L | 1998 | N Engl J Med1998，338，7： | 1 |
| 3 | Fungicideherbicide Interaction in Soybean(Glycine max)显示文摘 | BIERMAN R E RIECHERS D E SPRAGUE C L | 1995 | Crop Protection1995，14，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Natural histo- ry of cerviovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women显示文摘 | Ho GY Bierman R Beardsley L | 1998 | N EnglJ Med1998，338，： | 1 |
| 5 | Suboptimal prescribing in elderly outpatient:potentially harmful drug-drug and drug-disease combi- nations 显示文摘 | Zban C Correa R Bierman A | 2005 | J Am Geriatr Soe2005，53，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Potential applications of hierarchical branching nanowires in solar energy conversion显示文摘 | BIERMAN M J JIN S | 2009 | Energ Environ Sci2009，2，10： | 1 |
| 7 | In vitro analysis of resistance selection by linezolid in vancomycinsusceptible and resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium显示文摘 | Allen G P Bierman B C | 2009 | Int J Antimicrob Agents2009，34，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation显示文摘 | HEANEY P DOWELL D BIERMAN J | 2001 | J Am Coll Nutr2001，20，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women显示文摘 | Ho GY Bierman R Beardsley L | 2008 | N Engl J Med2008，338，7： | 1 |
| 10 | 1Be and 26A1 production rates and a revised glacial chronology for the Sierra Nevada 显示文摘 | Clark D H Bierman P Gillespie A R | 1996 | Radiocarbon1996，38，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Sequential square root filtering and smoothing of discrete linear system 显示文摘 | BIERMAN G J | 1974 | Automation1974，10，： | 1 |
| 12 | In vitro analysis of resistance selection by linezolid in vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium 显示文摘 | Allen GP Bierman BC | 2009 | Int J Antimicrob Agents2009，34，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Knowledge access management at Lied Library:cataloging and Web site reengi- neering 显示文摘 | Brad Eden Kenneth J Bierman | 2002 | Library Hi Tech2002，20，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Plasmid cloning vectors for the conjugal transfer of DNA from Escherichia coli to Streptomyces spp 显示文摘 | Bierman M Logan R O ' brien K | 1992 | Gene1992，116，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Antiemesis显示文摘 | Ettinger D S Bierman P J Bradbury B | 2007 | J Natl Compr Canc Netw2007，5，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Direct and moderating effects of human capital on strategy and performance in professional firms:a resource-based perspective显示文摘 | HITT M A BIERMAN L SHIMIZU K | 2001 | Academy of Management Journal2001，44，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Natural history of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particle antibodies in young women显示文摘 | Stodentsov YY Bierman R | 2004 | Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2004，13，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Natural history of eervicalvaginal papillomavirus infection in young women 显示文摘 | Ho GY Bierman R Beardsley L | 1998 | N Engl J Med1998，338，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Natural history of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particle antibodies in young women显示文摘 | Ho GY Studentsov YY BIerman R | 2004 | Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prey2004，13，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Direct and moderating effects of human capital on strategy and performance in professional service firms:a re- source - based perspective 显示文摘 | Hitt M A Leonard Bierman Katsuhiko Shimizu Rahul Kochhar | 2001 | Academy of Management Journal2001，44，1： | 1 |
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