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| 1 | Prophylactic tracheal intubation for upper GI bleeding: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate usefulness of prophylactically intubating upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) patients. METHODS: UGIB results in a significant number of hospital admissions annually with endoscopy being the key intervention. In these patients, risks are associated with the bleeding and the procedure, including pulmonary aspiration. However, very little literature is available assessing the use of prophylactic endotracheal intubation on aspiration in these patients. A comprehensive search was performed in May 2014 in Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, Pub Med/Medline, Embase, and published abstracts from national gastroenterology meetings in the United States(2004-2014). Included studies examined UGIB patients and compared prophylactic intubation to no intubation before endoscopy. Meta-analysis was conducted using Rev Man 5.2 by Mantel-Haenszel and Der Simonian and Laird models with results presented as odds ratio for aspiration, pneumonia(within 48 h), and mortality. Funnel plots were utilized for publication bias and I2 measure of inconsistency for heterogeneity assessments. RESULTS: Initial search identified 571 articles. Of these articles, 10 relevant peer-reviewed articles in English and two relevant abstracts were selected to review by two independent authors(Almashhrawi AA and Bechtold ML). Of these studies, eight were excluded: Five did not have a control arm, one was a letter the editor, one was a survey study, and one was focused on prevention of UGIB. Therefore, four studies(N = 367) were included. Of the UGIB patients prophylactically intubated before endoscopy, pneumonia(within 48 h) was identified in 20 of 134(14.9%) patients as compared to 5 of 95(5.3%) patients that were not intubated prophylactically(P = 0.02). Despite observed trends, no significantdifferences were found for mortality(P = 0.18) or aspiration(P = 0.11).CONCLUSION: Pneumonia within 48 h is more likely in UGIB patients who received prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to endoscopy. | Ashraf A Almashhrawi Rubayat Rahman Samuel T Jersak Akwi W Asombang Alisha M Hinds Hazem T Hammad Douglas L Nguyen Matthew L Bechtold | 2015 | World Journal of Meta-Analysis2015，3，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Crown-diameter prediction models for 87 species of stand-grown trees in the eastern United States显示文摘 | BECHTOLD W A | 2003 | Southern Journal of Applied Forestry2003，27，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Crown position and light exposure class- ificationan alternative to field-assigned crown class显示文摘 | Bechtold W A | 2003 | Northern Journal of Applied Forestry2003，20，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Largest-crown-width prediction models for 53 species in the western United States显示文摘 | BECHTOLD W A | 2004 | Western Journal of Applied Forestry2004，19，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Using crown condition variables as indicators of forest health显示文摘 | ZARNOCH S J BECHTOLD W A STOLTE K W | 2004 | CanadianJournal of Forest Research2004，34，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Using crown condition variables as indicators of forest health 显示文摘 | Zarnoch S J Bechtold W A Stohe K W | 2004 | Canadian Journal of Forest Research2004，34，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Crown-diameter prediction models for 87 species of stand grown trees in the eastern United States 显示文摘 | Bechtold W A | 2003 | Southern Journal of Applied Forestry2003，27，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Bulk superconductivity in Tl2CaBa2Cu2O(8 + delta) up to 120 K显示文摘 | GAO L HUANG Z J MENG R L HOR P H BECHTOLD J SUN Y Y CHU C W SHENG Z Z HERMANN A M | 1988 | Nature1988，332，： | 1 |
| 9 | Crown-diameter predictions models for 87 speciesof stand-grown trees in the Eastern United States 显示文摘 | Bechtold W A | 2003 | SouthernJournal of Applied Forestry2003，27，： | 1 |
| 10 | Largest-crown-width prediction models for 53 species in the western United States 显示文摘 | BECHTOLD W A | 2004 | Western J Appl For2004，19，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Crown position and light exposure classification-an alternative to field-assigned crown class 显示文摘 | Bechtold W A | 2003 | Northern Journal of Applied Forestry2003，20，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Comparison of field meth- ods and models to estimate mean crown diameter显示文摘 | Bechtold W A Mielke M E Zarnocii S J | 2002 | North Journal of Applied Forest2002，19，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Status and future of the forest health indicators program of the USA 显示文摘 | Woodall C W Amacher M C Bechtold W A | 2011 | Environmen- tal Monitoring and Assessment2011，177，14： | 1 |
| 14 | Using crown condition variables as indicators of forest health 显示文摘 | Zarnoch S J Bechtold W A Stohe K W | 2004 | Canadian Journal of Forest Research2004，34，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Using crown condition variables as indicators of forest health显示文摘 | Zarnoch S J Bechtold W A Stoke K W | 2004 | Canadian Journal of Forest Research2004，34，： | 1 |
| 16 | Largest-crown-width prediction models for 53 species in the Western United States显示文摘 | BECHTOLD W A | 2004 | Western Journal of Applied Forestry2004，19，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Crown-diameter prediction models for 87 species of stand-grown trees in the Eastern United States显示文摘 | BECHTOLD W A | 2003 | Southern Journal of Applied Forestry2003，27，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Status and luture f the forest health indicators program of the USA 显示文摘 | Woodall C W Amacher M C Bechtold W A | 2011 | Environmen- tal Monitoring and Assessment2011，177，14： | 1 |
| 19 | Dyeing behaviour of hydrogenated indigo in electrochemically reduced dyebaths 显示文摘 | Bechtold T Turcanu A Schrott W | 2008 | Coloration Technology2008，124，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Status and future of the forest health indicators program of the USA显示文摘 | WOODALL C W AMACHER M C BECHTOLD W A | 2011 | Environ Monit Assess2011，177，： | 1 |
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