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| 1 | Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria are structured by geography in biological soil crusts across North American arid lands显示文摘Introduction:Biological soil crusts(BSCs)can dominate surface cover in dry lands worldwide,playing an integral role in arid land biogeochemistry,particularly in N fertilization through fixation and cycling.Nitrification is a characteristic and universal N transformation in BSCs that becomes important for the export of N beyond the microscopic bounds of the crust itself.The contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)in BSCs has been shown,but the role and extent of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)have not.Methods:We sampled various types of crusts in four desert regions across the western United States and characterized the composition and size of ammonia-oxidizing communities using clone libraries and quantitative PCR targeting the amoA gene,which codes for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme,universally present in ammonia-oxidizing microbes.Results:All archaeal amoA sequences retrieved from BSCs belonged to the Thaumarchaeota(Nitrososphaera associated Group I.1b).Sequences from the Sonoran Desert,Colorado Plateau,and Great Basin were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from those of the Chihuahuan Desert.Based on amoA gene abundances,archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers were ubiquitous in our survey,but the ratios of archaeal to bacterial ammonia oxidizers shifted from bacterially dominated in northern,cooler deserts to archaeally dominated in southern,warmer deserts.Conclusions:Archaea are shown to be potentially important biogeochemical agents of biological soil crust N cycling.Conditions associated with different types of BSCs and biogeographical factors reveal a niche differentiation between AOA and AOB,possibly driven by temperature. | Yevgeniy Marusenko Scott T Bates Ian Anderson Shannon L Johnson Tanya Soule Ferran Garcia-Pichel | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 4 |
| 2 | North American, Asian, and Indian haze similar regional impacts on climate显示文摘 | QUINNP K BATES T S | 2003 | Geophysical Research Letters2003，30，11： | 1 |
| 3 | Tumour stem cells and drug resistance显示文摘 | Dean M Fojo T Bates S | 2005 | Nat Rev Cancer2005，5，： | 1 |
| 4 | Concentrations and fluxes of dissolved biogenic gases (DMS,CH4,CO,CO2) in the equatorial Pacific during the SAGA-3 experiment显示文摘 | Bates T S Kelly K C Johnson J E | 1993 | J Geophys Res1993，98，16： | 1 |
| 5 | Variability of pCO2 on diel to seasottal timescales in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda显示文摘 | Bates N R Takahashi T Chipman D W | 1998 | Journal of Geophysical Research1998，103，15： | 1 |
| 6 | Flagellin as an adjuvant:Cellular mechanisms and potential显示文摘 | Mizel S B Bates J T | 2010 | J Immunol2010，185，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sources显示文摘 | Bate T S Lamb B K Guenther A | 1992 | Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry1992，14，： | 1 |
| 8 | Mutant gene that change protein composition and increase lysine content of maize endosperm 显示文摘 | MERTZ E T BATES L S NELSON O E | 1964 | Science1964，145，： | 1 |
| 9 | Second mutant gene affecting the animo acid pattern of maize endosperm proteins显示文摘 | Nelson O E Mertz E T Bates L S | 1965 | Science1965，150，3702： | 1 |
| 10 | Multicolor super-resolution imaging with photo-switchable fluorescent probes显示文摘 | Bates M Huang B Graham T | 2007 | Science2007，317，： | 1 |
| 11 | HIsmelt The Alternative Technology for Ironmaking 显示文摘 | Goldsworthy T E Dry R J Bates C P | 2000 | SEAISI Quarterly (South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute)2000，29，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Tumour stem cells and drug resistance显示文摘 | Dean M Fojo T Bates S | 2005 | Nat Rev Can- cer2005，5，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Dynamic three - dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction of congenital cardiac septation defects显示文摘 | Tantengco MV Bates JR Ryan T | 1997 | Pediatr Cardiol1997，38，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Atmospheric measurements of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide using electron capture sulfur detector 显示文摘 | Johnson J E Bates T S | 1993 | Journal of Geophysical Research1993，98，23： | 1 |
| 15 | 3D numerical modelling of open channel flow with submerged vegetation显示文摘 | FISCHER A T STOESSEH T BATES P | 2001 | Journal of Hydraulic Reserach2001，39，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Multicolor superresolution imaging with photo-switchable fluorescent probes显示文摘 | Bates M Huang B Dempsey G T Zhuang X W | | 0，，5845： | 1 |
| 17 | Insect resistance management in GM crops:past,present and future显示文摘 | Bates S L Zhac J Z Roush R T | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative motor and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during spinal surgery in adolescents显示文摘 | Tobias J D Goble T J Bates G | 2008 | Paediatr Anaesth2008，18，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Tumour stem cells and drug resistance 显示文摘 | Dean M Fojo T Bates S | 2005 | Nat Rev Cancer2005，5，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Tumour stem cells and drug resistance显示文摘 | Dean M Fojo T Bates S | 2005 | Nat Rev Cancer2005，5，4： | 1 |
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