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| 1 | Animal models of atherosclerosis显示文摘In this mini-review several commonly used animal models of atherosclerosis have been discussed.Among them,emphasis has been made on mice,rabbits,pigs and non-human primates.Although these animal models have played a significant role in our understanding of induction of atherosclerotic lesions,we still lack a reliable animal model for regression of the disease.Researchers have reported several genetically modified and transgenic animal models that replicate human atherosclerosis,however each of current animal models have some limitations.Among these animal models,the apolipoprotein(apo) E-knockout(KO)mice have been used extensively because they develop spontaneous atherosclerosis.Furthermore,atherosclerotic lesions developed in this model depending on experimental design may resemble humans' stable and unstable atherosclerotic lesions.This mouse model of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis has been also used to investigate the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on atherogenesis.Low density lipoprotein(LDL)-r-KO mice are a model of human familial hypercholesterolemia.However,unlike apo E-KO mice,the LDL-r-KO mice do not develop spontaneous atherosclerosis.Both apo E-KO and LDL-r-KO mice have been employed to generate other relevant mouse models of cardiovascular disease through breeding strategies.In addition to mice,rabbits have been used extensively particularly to understand the mechanisms of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis.The present review paper details the characteristics of animal models that are used in atherosclerosis research. | Fatemeh Ramezani Kapourchali Gangadaran Surendiran Li Chen Elisabeth Uitz Babak Bahadori Mohammed H Moghadasian | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，5： | 14 |
| 2 | 基于Lyapunov间接法分析的恒功率负载电源变换器宽稳定控制策略显示文摘在航空航天供电系统中,随着变换器负载和电动机负载的不断增加,恒功率负载在用电设备中所占的比重越来越大。这种负载因内部闭环控制而呈现恒功率特性,是导致系统不稳定的主要原因之一。而应用于航空航天的独立电源变换系统,由于受到体积和重量的限制,对变换器的设计提出了更高的要求。本文提出一种基于前级电感电流的高频分量直接注入占空比的补偿方法,不仅可以减小供电系统中母线滤波电容尺寸,还能使因恒功率负载造成的不稳定现象得到抑制,提高系统稳定工作范围。以现代飞机直流供电系统中常见的Boost变换器为例,建立系统的状态空间模型,并利用Lyapunov间接法分析系统的稳定性,最后给出仿真及实验结果,验证了所提控制策略的正确性和可行性。结果表明,采用这种占空比补偿技术可在相同功率输出条件下,减少约8倍的母线滤波电容。 | 庞圣钊 皇甫宜耿 郭亮 Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh 马睿 | 2017 | 电工技术学报2017，32，14： | 12 |
| 3 | Elastic properties of chiral,anti-chiral,and hierarchical honeycombs:A simple energy-based approach显示文摘The effects of two geometric refinement strategies widespread in natural structures, chirality and self-similar hierarchy, on the in-plane elastic response of two-dimensional honeycombs were studied systematically. Simple closed-form expressions were derived for the elastic moduli of several chiral, antichiral, and hierarchical honeycombs with hexagon and square based networks. Finite element analysis was employed to validate the analytical estimates of the elastic moduli. The results were also compared with the numerical and experimental data available in the literature. We found that introducing a hierarchical refinement increases the Young's modulus of hexagon based honeycombs while decreases their shear modulus. For square based honeycombs, hierarchy increases the shear modulus while decreasing their Young's modulus. Introducing chirality was shown to always decrease the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the structure. However, chirality remains the only route to auxeticity. In particular, we found that anti-tetra-chiral structures were capable of simultaneously exhibiting anisotropy, auxeticity,and remarkably low shear modulus as the magnitude of the chirality of the unit cell increases. | Davood Mousanezhad Babak Haghpanah Ranajay Ghosh Abdel Magid Hamouda Harold Nayeb-Hashemi Ashkan Vaziri | 2016 | Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters2016，6，2： | 11 |
| 4 | Use of Selection Indices Based on Multivariate Analysis for Improving Grain Yield in Rice | Hossein SABOURI Babak RABIEI Maryam FAZLALIPOUR | 2008 | Rice science2008，15，4： | 9 |
| 5 | Multimode optical fiber transmission with a deep learning network显示文摘Multimode fibers(MMFs)are an example of a highly scattering medium,which scramble the coherent light propagating within them to produce seemingly random patterns.Thus,for applications such as imaging and image projection through an MMF,careful measurements of the relationship between the inputs and outputs of the fiber are required.We show,as a proof of concept,that a deep neural network can learn the input-output relationship in a 0.75 m long MMF.Specifically,we demonstrate that a deep convolutional neural network(CNN)can learn the nonlinear relationships between the amplitude of the speckle pattern(phase information lost)obtained at the output of the fiber and the phase or the amplitude at the input of the fiber.Effectively,the network performs a nonlinear inversion task.We obtained image fidelities(correlations)as high as~98%for reconstruction and~94%for image projection in the MMF compared with the image recovered using the full knowledge of the system transmission characterized with the complex measured matrix.We further show that the network can be trained for transfer learning,i.e.,it can transmit images through the MMF,which belongs to another class not used for training/testing. | Babak Rahmani Damien Loterie Georgia Konstantinou Demetri Psaltis Christophe Moser | 2018 | Light(Science & Applications)2018，7，1： | 9 |
| 6 | An efficient hybrid evolutionary optimization algorithm based on PSO and SA for clustering显示文摘The K-means algorithm is one of the most popular techniques in clustering. Nevertheless, the performance of the Kmeans algorithm depends highly on initial cluster centers and converges to local minima. This paper proposes a hybrid evolutionary programming based clustering algorithm, called PSO-SA, by combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing (SA). The basic idea is to search around the global solution by SA and to increase the information exchange among particles using a mutation operator to escape local optima. Three datasets, Iris, Wisconsin Breast Cancer, and Ripley's Glass, have been considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed clustering algorithm in providing optimal clusters. The simulation results show that the PSO-SA clustering algorithm not only has a better response but also converges more quickly than the K-means, PSO, and SA algorithms. | Taher NIKNAM Babak AMIRI Javad OLAMAEI Ali AREFI | 2009 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2009，10，4： | 9 |
| 7 | Heavy metals and their source identification in particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) in Isfahan City, Iran显示文摘The presence of heavy metals(HMs) in particulate matters(PMs) particularly fine particles such as PM_(2.5) poses potential risk to the health of human being. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of HMs in PM_(2.5) in the atmospheric monitoring stations in Isfahan city,Iran, in different seasons between March 2014 and March 2015 and their source identification using principle component analysis(PCA). The samples of PM_(2.5) were taken using a high volume sampler in 7 monitoring stations located throughout the city and industrial zones since March 2014 to March 2015. The HMs content of the samples was measured using ICP-MS.The results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd and Ni were in a range of 23–36, 1–12,and 5–76 ng/m^3 at all the stations which exceeded the US-EPA standards. Furthermore,the concentrations of Cr and Cu reached to 153 and 167 ng/m^3 in some stations which were also higher than the standard levels. Depending on the potential sources of HMs, their concentration in PM_(2.5) through the various seasons was different. PCA illustrated that the different potential sources of HMs in the atmosphere, showing that the most important sources of HMs originated from fossil fuel combustion, abrasion of vehicle tires, industrial activities(e.g., iron and steel industries) and dust storms. Management and control of air pollution of industrial plants and vehicles are suggested for decreasing the risk of the HMs in the region. | Mohsen Soleimani Nasibeh Amini Babak Sadeghian Dongsheng Wang Liping Fang | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，10： | 8 |
| 8 | A new combined framework for sustainable development using the DPSIR approach and numerical modeling显示文摘Relying on the conceptual DPSIR framework and MODFLOW analysis,this study used a mixed approach to produce groundwater resource management solutions for the Najafabad area in central Iran.According to DPSIR results,agricultural activities put the highest pressure on groundwater resources in this region.The results showed the effectiveness of reducing waterwithdrawal over 30 years in maintaining the aquifer in a state of equilibrium.The best scenario consisted of cutting down extraction by 10%over the said period.Output maps of the water table rise at the Najafabad aquifer clearly showed that the groundwater management scenario involving a 10%reduction ofwater withdrawal was the most effective solution,as itwould raise thewater level by 6.7 m.Regarding other scenarios,reducing cultivated area by 20%was found to raise the water table by 5.03 m on average,while cutting down water withdrawal by 5%increased the water table by 3.6 m,and a 10%reduction of the cultivated area resulted in a 1.85mrise.The combinedmodel proposed here can be used for similar aquifers and can aid decision-makers and managers. | Mahsa Malmir Saman Javadi Ali Moridi Aminreza Neshat Babak Razdar | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，4： | 7 |
| 9 | Practical strategies for modulating foam cell formation and behavior显示文摘Although high density lipoprotein(HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport is crucial to the prevention and reversal of atheroma, a recent meta-analysis makes evident that current pharmaceutical strategies for modulating HDL cholesterol levels lower cardiovascular risk only to the extent that they concurrently decrease low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This corresponds well with findings of a recent Mendelian randomization analysis, in which genetic polymorphisms associated with HDL cholesterol but no other known cardiovascular risk factors failed to predict risk for myocardial infarction. Although it is still seems appropriate to search for therapies that could improve the efficiency with which HDL particles induce reverse cholesterol transport, targeting HDL cholesterol levels per se with current measures appears to be futile. Itmay therefore be more promising to promote reverse cholesterol transport with agents that directly target foam cells. Macrophage expression of the cholesterol transport proteins adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1, and scavenger receptor class B member 1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by activated liver X receptors(LXR), whereas nuclear factor(NF)-kappa B antagonizes their expression. Taurine, which inhibits atherogenesis in rodent studies, has just been discovered to act as a weak agonist for LXRalpha. Conversely, it may be possible to oppose NF-kappa B activation in macrophages with a range of measures. Induction of heme oxygenase-1, which can be attained with phase 2 inducer phytochemicals such as lipoic acid and green tea catechins, promotes reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages and inhibits atherogenesis in rodents, likely due to, in large part, NF-kappa B antagonism. Inhibition of macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase activity with the spirulina-derived bilirubin-mimetic phycocyanobilin may also oppose NF-kappa B activation, and salicylic acid similarly should be useful for this purpose. The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator berberine promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in cell culture; metformin probably shares this property. Many of these measures could also be expected to promote plaque stability by suppressing foam cell production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, and to reduce intimal monocyte infiltration by anti-inflammatory effects on vascular endothelium. Direct targeting of foam cells with agents such as phase 2 inducers, spirulina, salicylate, taurine, and berberine or metformin, may hence have considerable potential for preventing and reversing atheroma, and for preventing the plaque rupture that triggers vascular thrombosis. | Elisabeth Uitz Babak Bahadori Mark F McCarty Mohammed H Moghadasian | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，10： | 6 |
| 10 | Comparison of the effects of acute and chronic psychological stress on metabolic features in rats显示文摘This study was aimed to compare the effects of acute and chronic psychological stress on metabolic factors. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and stressed groups. Stress was applied by a communication box acutely (1 d) and chronically (15 and 30 d). Blood sampling was carried out by retro-orbital-puncture method. The plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and corticosterone were measured. In addition, feed and water intake, latency to eat and drink, adrenal and body weights were determined. Acute and chronic psychological stress did not significantly change basal plasma corticosterone levels. However, immediately (1 min) after acute exposure to stress, plasma corticosterone level increased compared to that before stress exposure. Acute stress increased plasma insulin levels significantly. Fifteen days of stress exposure resulted in plasma glucose increase. Chronic stress significantly increased feed intake, latency to eat, and adrenal weight compared to acute stress. The body weights of both control and stressed groups increased markedly during the experiment. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index did not change significantly in the stressed group. In conclusion, application of acute and chronic psychological stress leads to different metabolic and/or behavioral changes but the metabolic changes resulting from acute exposure to stress seem to be more pronounced. | Fatemeh ROSTAMKHANI Homeira ZARDOOZ Saleh ZAHEDIASL Babak FARROKHI | 2012 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2012，13，11： | 6 |
| 11 | A Phase I Study of an Agonist CD40 Monoclonal Antibody (CP-870,893) in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma显示文摘 | Gregory L. Beatty Drew A. Torigian E. Gabriela Chiorean Babak Saboury Alex Brothers Abass Alavi Andrea B. Troxel Weijing Sun Ursina R. Teitelbaum Robert H. Vonderheide Peter J. O’Dwyer | 2013 | Clinical Cancer Research2013，，22： | 6 |
| 12 | Silicon carbide resonant tuning fork for microsensing applications in high-temperature and high G-shock environments显示文摘We present the fabrication and testing of a silicon carbide(SiC)balanced mass double-ended tuning fork that survives harsh environments without compromising the device strain sensitivity and resolution bandwidth.The device features a material stack that survives corrosive environments and enables high-temperature operation.To perform high-temperature testing,a specialized setup was constructed that allows the tuning fork to be characterized using traditional silicon electronics.The tuning fork has been operated at 600 ℃ in the presence of dry steam for short durations.This tuning fork has also been tested to 64 000 G using a hard-launch,soft-catch shock implemented with a light gas gun.However,the device still has a strain sensitivity of 66 Hz/με and strain resolution of 0.045 με in a 10 kHz bandwidth.As such,this balanced-mass double-ended tuning fork can be used to create a variety of different sensors including strain gauges,accelerometers,gyroscopes,and pressure transducers.Given the adaptable fabrication process flow,this device could be useful to micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) designers creating sensors for a variety of different applications. | David R Myers Kan Bun Cheng Babak Jamshidi Robert G Azevedo Debbie G Senesky Li Chen Mehran Mehregany Muthu B J Wijesundara Albert P Pisano | 2012 | Engineering Sciences2012，10，5： | 6 |
| 13 | Comparison of performance of Ni-Mo/γ-alumina catalyst in HDS and HDN reactions of main distillate fractions显示文摘A bimetallic nickel-molybdenum catalyst supported on γ-alumina was synthesized by the two-step incipient wetness impregnation technique.The activity of the prepared Ni-Mo/γ-alumina catalyst was evaluated in a down flow fixed-bed microreactor.In this way,hydrodesulfurization(HDS)and hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)reactions of the main distillate fractions of crude oil were assessed.XRD,SEM,TPR,ICP-OES,BET-BJH and nitrogen adsorption/desorption methods were used for characterizing the synthesized Ni-Mo/γ-alumina catalyst.The active metals with Ni/Mo mass ratio of 0.23 and total metal of 13.7 wt% were loaded on the support,similar to the commercial industrial catalyst.The performance tests were conducted at 3.0 MPa(for light naphtha and heavy naphtha)and at 4.5 MPa(for kerosene and gas oil).The results revealed that the total sulfur conversion of the light naphtha,heavy naphtha,kerosene and gas oil fractions was 98.3%,95%,91.7% and 90.1%(after 24 h),respectively. | Babak Behnejad Majid Abdouss Ahmad Tavasoli | 2019 | Petroleum Science2019，16，3： | 5 |
| 14 | 碱性溶液中Zn-Ni-Mn合金涂层的电沉积与腐蚀行为(英文)显示文摘在添加Mn盐的碱性溶液中进行Zn-Ni-Mn镀层的恒电位电沉积,研究电解液Mn^2+浓度和沉积电位对涂层表面形貌、相结构和腐蚀行为的影响。腐蚀极化实验结果表明,Zn-Ni-Mn镀层中较高的Mn含量可能导致形成良好的钝化层;与Zn-Ni涂层相比,其Rp(极化电阻)增大7倍,而腐蚀电流密度显著降低。腐蚀试验后Zn-Ni-Mn镀层表面的XRD和XPS分析表明,钝化层由碱式氯化锌、氧化锌、碱式碳酸锌和氧化锰组成。 | Babak ABEDINI Naghi PARVINI AHMADI Sasan YAZDANI Luca MAGAGNIN | 2020 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2020，30，2： | 5 |
| 15 | GIS-based method for detecting high-crash-risk road segments using network kernel density estimation显示文摘Identifying high-crash-risk road segments provides safety specialists with an insight to better understanding of crash patterns and enhancing road safety management.The common hotspot identification methods are not robust enough to visualize the underlying shape of crash patterns since they neglect the spatial properties of crash data.Spatial traffic accidents have the tendency to be dependent,a phenomenon known as spatial autocorrelation.Values over distance are more or less similar than expected for randomly associated observations.Modeling the spatial variations can properly be explained in terms of first-and second-order properties.The first-order properties,describe the way of varying the expected value of point pattern in space which can be due to changes in the substantial properties of the local environment,while second-order effects describe the interactive effects of events explaining on how the events are interacted.Considering the discrete nature of crash data and the limited access to exact locations where crashes occur,it is likely that a continuous surface drawn from discrete points will better reflect crash density,present a more realistic picture of crash distribution.Network kernel density estimation(NKDE)is a nonparametric approach for events distributed over one-dimensional space which facilitates estimating the density at any location in the study region not just at the location where the event occurs.NKDE for road safety applications enables the extraction and visualization of crash density along roadways The application of suggested method was illustrated for Arak-Khomein rural road in Markazi province,Iran and the stability of hazardous segments by examining the resulted network estimated density during the three years of study(2006–2008)was investigated.The result of this paper helps the traffic engineers and safety specialists to determine the segments which demand more safety attentions from both transportation authorities and drivers and request assigning the resources such as budget and time. | Afshin Shariat MOHAYMANY Matin SHAHRI Babak MIRBAGHERI | 2013 | Geo-Spatial Information Science2013，16，2： | 5 |
| 16 | Forecasting soil temperature at multiple-depth with a hybrid artificial neural network model coupledhybrid firefly optimizer algorithm显示文摘Forecasting soil temperature at multiple depths is considered to be a core decision-making task for examining future changes in surface and sub-surface meteorological processes,land-atmosphere energy exchange,resilient agricultural systems for improved crop health and eco-environmental risk assessment.The aim of this paper is to estimate monthly soil temperature(ST)at multiple depth:5,10,20,50 and 100 cm with a hybrid multi-layer perceptron algorithm integrated with the firefly optimizer algorithm(MLP-FFA).To develop the hybrid MLP-FFA model,the monthly ST and relevant meteorological variables for the city of Adana(Turkey)are collated for the period of 2000–2007.Construction of hybrid MLP-FFA model is drawn upon a limited set of predictors,denoted as soil depth,periodicity(or the respective month),air temperature,pressure and solar radiation,while the objective variable for MLP-FFA model is the forecasted ST at multiple depths.To the evaluate MLPFFA,statistical metrics applied to test the model’s performance are:the root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)and mean bias error(MBE)where the sign of the difference is also considered.In conjunction with statistical metrics,a Taylor diagram is utilized to visualize the degree of similarity between the observed and forecasted soil moisture.In terms of the forecasted results,the hybrid MLPFFA model is seen to outperform the standalone MLP model.The optimal MLP-FFA is attained for soil temperature forecasting at a depth of 20 cm(RMSE,MAPE of 0.546C,2.40%)whereas the optimal MLP is attained for soil temperature forecasting at a depth of 50 cm(RMSE of 0.544℃,2.21%).Conclusively,the study advocates through statistical metrics attained the better utility of the hybrid MLP-FFA hybrid model.Given its superior performance,it is ascertained that the hybrid MLP model integrated with Firefly optimizer is a qualified ancillary tool that can be applied to generate precise soil temperature forecasts at multiple soil depths. | Saeed Samadianfard Mohammad Ali Ghorbani Babak Mohammadi | 2018 | Information Processing in Agriculture2018，5，4： | 5 |
| 17 | Bacteriophages and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major global health challenge leading to serious disorders such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there exist various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for HBV infection. However, prevalence and hazardous effects of chronic viral infection heighten the need to develop novel methodologies for the detection and treatment of this infection. Bacteriophages, viruses that specifically infect bacterial cells, with a long-established tradition in molecular biology and biotechnology have recently been introduced as novel tools for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. Bacteriophages, due to tremendous genetic flexibility, represent potential to undergo a huge variety of surface modifications. This property has been the rationale behind introduction of phage display concept. This powerful approach, together with combinatorial chemistry, has shaped the concept of phage display libraries with diverse applications for the detection and therapy of HBV infection. This review aims to offer an insightful overview of the potential of bacteriophages in the development of helpful prophylactic(vaccine design), diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HBV infection thereby providing new perspec-tives to the growing field of bacteriophage researches directing towards HBV infection. | Babak Bakhshinejad Majid Sadeghizadeh | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 5 |
| 18 | Applicable models for multi-component adsorption of dyes:A review显示文摘Adsorption is one of the several techniques that has been successfully used for dyes removal.Since most industrial colored effluents contain several components including dyes,having a strong knowledge about the scope of competitive adsorption process is a powerful key to design an appropriate system.This is mainly because of the complexity brought about by the increasing number of parameters needed for process description which complicates not only the process modeling but also the experimental data collection.A multicomponent adsorption model should be based on fundamental soundness,speed,and simplicity of calculation.For such systems,competition will change the adsorbent-adsorbate attractions.Thus,there is major concern to develop an accurate and reliable method to predict dye adsorption behavior in multi-component systems.This article covers topics such as the theory of dyes adsorption in multi-component systems along with applicable models according to the consistent theories presented by researchers. | Babak Noroozi George A.Sorial | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，3： | 4 |
| 19 | The effect of nanoparticles on wettability alteration for enhanced oil recovery: micromodel experimental studies and CFD simulation显示文摘The applications of nanotechnology in oilfields have attracted the attention of researchers to nanofluid injection as a novel approach for enhanced oil recovery. To better understand the prevailing mechanisms in such new displacement scenarios,micromodel experiments provide powerful tools to visually observe the way that nanoparticles may mobilize the trapped oil.In this work, the e ect of silicon oxide nanoparticles on the alteration of wettability of glass micromodels was investigated in both experimental and numerical simulation approaches. The displacement experiments were performed on the original water-wet and imposed oil-wet(after aging in stearic acid/n-heptane solution) glass micromodels. The results of injection of nanofluids into the oil-saturated micromodels were then compared with those of the water injection scenarios. The flooding scenarios in the micromodels were also simulated numerically with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method. A good agreement between the experimental and simulation results was observed. An increase of 9% and 13% in the oil recovery was obtained by nanofluid flooding in experimental tests and CFD calculations, respectively. | Peyman Rostami Mohammad Shari Babak Aminshahidy Jalal Fahimpour | 2019 | Petroleum Science2019，16，4： | 4 |
| 20 | Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 nanoporous molecular sieve: A new and promising adsorbent for preconcentration of lead and copper ions显示文摘A rapid method for the extraction and monitoring of nanogram level of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions using uniform silanized mesopor (SBA-15) functionalized with aminobenzenesulfonamide groups and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is presented. Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized according to procedure in the literature and the presence of organic groups in the silica framework was demonstrated by FT-IR spectra. The functionalized product showed the BET surface area 110 m2/g and pore diameter 5.1 nm, based on adsorption-desorption of N2 at 77 K. The effect of several variables such as (amount of adsorbent, stirring time, pH and presence of other ions in the medium) has been studied. Lead and copper were completely extracted at pH greater than 3 after stirring for 10 min. The maximum capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 191.3 ± 1.4 and 155.0 ± 1.0 μg of lead and copper ions/mg functionalized SBA-15, respectively. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 200. The detection limit of the technique was 3.4 and 0.4 ng/mL for Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively. The applications of this methodology for real samples were examined by various water type, black tea and pepper samples. | Leila Hajiaghababaei Babak Ghasemi Alireza Badiei Hassan Goldooz Mohammad Reza Ganjali Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，7： | 3 |
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