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| 1 | Frequency of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in Khartoum,Sudan:population based study显示文摘AIM: To assess the frequency and associated risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among Sudanese individuals with diabetes attending Makka Eye complex in Khartoum, Sudan. METHODS: The cross sectional hospital based study recruited 316 individuals with diabetes from Makkah Eye Complex Retina Clinic. Standard questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, medical history and life style characteristics. Blood samples were taken to measure Hb A1 c and lipid profile. Fundus and slit lamp examination were performed for screening of diabetic retinopathy.RESULTS: Among 316 participants, 187(59.2%) were males and 129(40.8%) were females. The mean age of participants was 58.7±10.5y. The overall frequency of retinopathy was 261(82.6%). The percentages of the total participants with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) were 126(39.9%) and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) were 135(42.7%). Importantly, duration of diabetes mellitus(DM)(72.2% of more than 10y), being on oral hypoglycaemic drugs(versus insulin), and hypertension were all significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(P=0.00, 0.01 and 0.00 respectively). Complications ofdiabetes like diabetic foot(17.7%), history of amputation(6.7%) and clinically significant macular edema(CSME)(47.4%) of the eyes were all significant risk factors(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes, hypertension and CSME were found to be absolute risk factors(P=0.007, 0.003 and 0.000 respectively). Duration of DM of more than 10 y have more than double risk(OR=2.8), while having hypertension triples the risk of retinopathy(OR=3.1).CONCLUSION: High rates of diabetic retinopathy are noted among individuals with diabetes attending Makkah Eye hospital in capital Khartoum. Urgent strategies are needed to monitor and treat hypertension and optimize diabetes control in individuals with diabetes. More investment in diabetes services is urgently needed. | Einas S Elwali Ahmed O Almobarak Mona A Hassan Amir A Mahmooud Heitham Awadalla Mohamed H Ahmed | 2017 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2017，10，6： | 2 |
| 2 | Association of genetic variants with primary angle closure glaucoma in two different popula- tions显示文摘 | Awadalla M S Thapa S S Hewitt A W | 2013 | PloS one2013，8，67： | 1 |
| 3 | Efficacy of Vitamin C Against Liver and Kidney Damage Induced by Paraquat Toxicity 显示文摘 | Awadalla E A | 2012 | Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology2012，64，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Characterization of cell-mediated responses to Eimeria acervulina antigens显示文摘 | Martin A Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Avian Disease1995，39，： | 1 |
| 5 | Factors associated with quality of iife of outpatients with breast cancer and gynecologic cancers and their family caregivers:a controlled study显示文摘 | Awadalla AW Ohaeri JU Gholoum A | 2007 | BMC Cancer2007，19，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Factors associated with quality of life of outpatients with breast cancer and gynecologic cancers and their family caregivers: a controlled Study 显示文摘 | Awadalla AW Ohaeri JU Gholoum A | 2011 | BMC Cancer2011，12，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Systemic and renal haemodynamic changes in renal schemia/reperfusion injury: im- pact of erythropoietin 显示文摘 | Hussein AA Barakat N Awadalla A | 2012 | Can J Physiol Pharmacol2012，90，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Programme for improving emotional and cognitive changes in patients under renal dialysis in Egypt显示文摘 | Awadalla H I El--Ateek A M Elhammady M M | 2008 | East Mediterr Health J2008，14，3： | 1 |
| 9 | The reliability and validity of the short version of the WHO quality of life instrument in an Arab general population 显示文摘 | Ohaeri J U Awadalla A W | 2009 | Ann Saudi Med2009，29，2： | 1 |
| 10 | The effect of geniglossal advancement on airway Bow using a computational flow dynamics model显示文摘 | Fletcher A Choi J Awadalla M | 2013 | Laryngoscope2013，123，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Characterization of large cadmium zinc telluride crystals grown by traveling heater method 显示文摘 | Chen H Awadalla S A Iniewski K | 2008 | Journal of Applied Physics2008，103，01： | 1 |
| 12 | Factors associated with quality of life of out patients with breast cancer and gyneco- logic cancers and their family caregivers: A controlled study显示文摘 | Awadalla AW Ohaeri JU Gholoum A | 2007 | BMC Cancer2007，7，： | 1 |
| 13 | Characterization of cell-mediated responses to Eimeria acervulina antigens 显示文摘 | Martin A Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Avian Diseases1995，39，： | 1 |
| 14 | Construction of a death anxiety scale-extended显示文摘 | Templer DI Awadalla A Ghenaim AL- Faye | 2006 | OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dy- ing2006，53，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Characterization of cell-mediated responses to Eimeria acervulina antigens显示文摘 | Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Aviandiseases1995，39，3： | 1 |
| 16 | A critical review ol the clinical el:ects of therapeutic irradiation damage to the brain: the roots of controversy显示文摘 | Armstrong C L Gyato K Awadalla A W | 2004 | Neuropsychol Rev2004，14，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Characterization of cellmedi-atod responses to Eimeria acemdina antigens显示文摘 | Martin A Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Avian Diseases1995，39，： | 1 |
| 18 | Factors associated with quality of life of outpatients with breast cancer and gynecologic cancers and their family earngivers:a controlled study显示文摘 | Ohaeri JU Gholoum A | 2007 | BMC Cancer2007，7，： | 1 |
| 19 | Hybrid algorithm for multiprocessor task scheduling显示文摘 | Mostafa R Mohamed Medhat H A Awadalla | 2011 | Int J of Computer Science Issues2011，8，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Matrix metallopro-teinase-9 genetic variation and primary angle closure glaucoma in a Caucasian population 显示文摘 | AWADALLA M S BURDON K P KUOT A | 2011 | Molecular Vision2011，17，： | 1 |
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