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| 1 | Glutamate reduces experimental intestinal hyperpermeability and facilitates glutamine support of gut integrity显示文摘AIM:To assess whether glutamate plays a similar role to glutamine in preserving gut wall integrity.METHODS:The effects of glutamine and glutamate on induced hyperpermeability in intestinal cell lines were studied.Paracellular hyperpermeability was induced in Caco2.BBE and HT-29CL.19A cell lines by adding phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate(PDB) apically,after which the effects of glutamine and glutamate on horseradish peroxidase(HRP) diffusion were studied.An inhibitor of glutamate transport(L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid:trans-PDC) and an irreversible blocker(acivicin) of the extracellular glutamine to glutamate converting enzyme,γ-glutamyltransferase,were used.RESULTS:Apical to basolateral HRP flux increased significantly compared to controls not exposed to PDB (n=30,P<0.001).Glutamine application reduced hyperpermeability by 19%and 39%in the respective cell lines.Glutamate application reduced hyperpermeability by 30%and 20%,respectively.Incubation of HT29CL.19A cells with acivicin and subsequent PDB and glutamine addition increased permeability levels.Incubation of Caco2.BBE cells with trans-PDC followed by PDB and glutamate addition also resulted in high permeability levels.CONCLUSION:Apical glutamate-similar to glutaminecan decrease induced paracellular hyperpermeability.Extracellular conversion of glutamine to glutamate and subsequent uptake of glutamate could be a pivotal step in the mechanism underlying the protective effect of glutamine. | Mechteld AR Vermeulen Jeffrey de Jong Mathijs J Vaessen Paul AM van Leeuwen Alexander PJ Houdijk | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 9 |
| 2 | Cytokines promote the survival of mouse cranial sensory neurones at different developmental stages显示文摘 | Horton AR Barlett PF Pennica D Davies AM | 1998 | Eur J Neurosci1998，10，： | 1 |
| 3 | Genetic polymorphisms in folate pathway enzymes, DRD4 and GSTM1 are related to temporomandibutar disorder显示文摘 | Aneiros-Guerrero A Lendinez AM Palomares AR | 2011 | BMC Med Genet2011，12，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Rote of potassium channels, the sodium - potassium pump and the cytoskeleton in the control of dog sperm volume 显示文摘 | Petrunkina AM Radcke S Gunzel - Apel AR | 2004 | Theriogenology2004，61，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of arterial complications after liver transplantation显示文摘 | De Gaetano AM Cotroneo AR Maresca G | 2000 | J Clin Ultrasound2000，28，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Differential expression and selective localization of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat uterus during the estrous cycle显示文摘 | Kumar AM Mukhopadhyay D | 1998 | J Endocrinol1998，159，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Colonic perforationduring percutaneous nephrolithotomy: study of risk factors显示文摘 | El-Nahas AR Shokeir AA El-Assmy AM | 2006 | Urology2006，67，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Hospital utilization and costs for spinal cord stimulation compared with enhanced external counter pulsation for refractory angina pectoris显示文摘 | Barakat TS El-Nahas AR Shoma AM | 2013 | Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice2013，19，1： | 1 |
| 9 | The new age of acne therapy:Light,lasers,and radiofrequency显示文摘 | Bhupathy AR Rohrer TE | 2004 | Cosmet Laser Ther2004，6，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: from new functions to improved inhibition strategies 显示文摘 | Folgueras AR Pendas AM Sanchez LM | 2004 | Int J Dev Biol2004，48，56： | 1 |
| 11 | Survival of oocytes recovered from vitrified sheep ovarian tissues 显示文摘 | Al-aghbari AM Menino AR | 2002 | Anim Rprod Sci2002，71，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Role of multiphasic helical computed tomography in planning surgical treatment for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction显示文摘 | El-Nahas AR Abou-El-Ghar M Shoma AM | 2004 | BJU Int2004，94，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Isoprenoid-mediated changes in the glycerophospholipid molecular species of the sterol auxotrophic fungus Lagenidium giganteum显示文摘 | Kerwin JL Tuininga AR Wiens AM | 1995 | Microbiology1995，141，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Tumor morpholo-gy and phenotypic evolution driven by selective pressure from themicroenvironment显示文摘 | Anderson AR Weaver AM Cummings PT | 2006 | Cell2006，127，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Expression of func- tional leptin receptors in rodent Leydig cells显示文摘 | Caprio M Isidori AM Carta AR | 1999 | Endocrinolo- gy1999，140，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Study of the effectiveness of propolis extract as a storage medium for avulsed teeth显示文摘 | Casaroto AR Hidalgo MM Sell AM | 2010 | Dent Traumatol2010，26，4： | 1 |
| 17 | The effects of leptinon breastfeeding behaviour显示文摘 | Cannon AM Kakulas F Hepworth AR | 2015 | International Journal of Environ-mental Research and Public Health2015，12，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: study of risk factors显示文摘 | El-Nahas AR Shokeir AA El-Assmy AM | 2006 | Urology2006，67，： | 1 |
| 19 | Relations between histologic indices of bone formation:implications for the pathogenesis of spinal osteoporosis显示文摘 | Parfitt AM Villanueva AR Foldes J | 1995 | Bone Miner Res1995，10，： | 1 |
| 20 | Post- percutaneous nephrolithotomy eXtensive hemorrhage: a study of risk factors显示文摘 | EL-NAHAS AR SHOKEIR AA EL-ASSMY AM | 2007 | J Urol2007，177，2： | 1 |
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