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| 1 | 中、低收入国家卫生智囊团的实践影响政策变化显示文摘近年来,中、低收入国家独立卫生政策研究机构的数量与日俱增,原因在于政府研究能力有限和民主化进程中的压力。本研究的目标是:(1)调查中﹑低收入国家中卫生政策研究机构对卫生政策的议程设置﹑制定﹑执行、监管和评估所作的贡献;(2)评估包括组织形式和结构在内的哪些因素支持中﹑低收入国家的卫生政策研究机构对卫生政策发挥积极作用。本研究在孟加拉﹑加纳﹑印度﹑南非﹑乌干达和越南选取了6家卫生政策研究机构开展案例研究,研究对象包括两个非政府组织、两所大学和两个政府办政策研究机构。案例研究通过文献查阅、财务信息分析、对工作人员和其他利益相关人员进行半结构式访谈,以及对结论草案进行多次反馈等方式开展。其中有些机构对他们各自国家的政策发展作出了巨大贡献。这些机构都积极建言献策,多数从事与政策相关的研究,而开展政治对话﹑系统评价或委托性研究的机构则相对较少。这些机构所开展的工作大多以政府或出资人的需求为导向,多数机构的主要成果一般为研究报告,经常与面向政府官员的口头汇报相结合。在支持对政策的有效参与方面,有几个关键因素,其中包括支持性的政策环境﹑管理和财务的相对独立性,以及与决策者建立可增进信任和影响的密切关系。当研究机构与政府之间的正式关系未处在重要位置时,政府内部单位则面临相当大的困难。 | Sara Bennett Adrijana Corluka Jane Doherty Viroj Tangcharoensathlen Walaiporn Patcharanarumol Amar Jesani Joseph Kyabaggu Grace Namaganda A M Zakir Hussain Ama de-Graft Aikins | 2012 | 中国卫生政策研究2012，5，8： | 6 |
| 2 | Therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Thiopurine analogs and anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)agents have dramatically changed the therapeutics of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),improving short and long-term outcomes.Unfortunately some patients do not respond to therapy and others lose response over time.The pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs are complex,with high inter-patient variability.Thiopurine analogs are metabolized through a series of pathways,which vary according to the patients’pharmacogenetic profile.This profile largely determines the ratios of metabolites,which are in turn associated with likelihoods of clinical efficacy and/or toxicity.Understanding these mechanisms allows for manipulation of drug dose,aiming to reduce the development of toxicity while improving the efficacy of treatment.The efficacy of anti-TNF drugs is influenced by many pharmacodynamic variables.Several factors may alter drug clearance,including the concomitant use of immunomodulators(thiopurine analogs and methotrexate),systemic inflammation,the presence of anti-drug antibodies,and body mass.The treatment of IBD has evolved with the understanding of the pharmacologic profiles of immunomodulating and TNF-inhibiting medications,with good evidence for improvement in patient outcomesobserved when measuring metabolic pathway indices.The role of routine measurement of metabolite/drug levels and antibodies warrants further prospective studies as we enter the era of personalized IBD care. | Andres J Yarur Maria T Abreu Amar R Deshpande David H Kerman Daniel A Sussman | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，13： | 2 |
| 3 | The web of human sexual contact显示文摘 | Rdling C R Amaral L A N | 2001 | Nature2001，411，6840： | 1 |
| 4 | Characterization and electrochemical performance of the spinel LiMn2O4 prepared from a- MnO2显示文摘 | FERRACIN L C AMARAL F A BOCCHI N | 2000 | Solid State Ionics2000，130，34： | 1 |
| 5 | Scaling behaviour in the growth of companies显示文摘 | Stanley M H R Amaral L A N Buldyrev S V Havlin S Leschhorn H Maass P Salinger M A Stanley H E | 1996 | Nature1996，379，： | 1 |
| 6 | Classes of small-world networks 显示文摘 | Amaral L A N | 2000 | National Acad Sciences2000，97，11： | 1 |
| 7 | A Review on Phase Change Energy Storage: Materials and Applications 显示文摘 | Mohammed M F Amar M K Siddique A K R etal | 2004 | Energy Conversion and Management2004，，15： | 1 |
| 8 | Histamine improves anti-gen uptake and cross-presentation by dendritic cells 显示文摘 | Amaral M M Davio C Ceballos A | 2007 | J Immu-nol2007，179，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Virtual round table on ten leading questions for network 显示文摘 | AMARAL L BARRAT A CALDARELLI G | 2004 | The European Physical Journal B2004，38，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Development and verification of a one-dimensional ablation code including pyrolysis gas flow 显示文摘 | Amar A J Blackwell B F Edwards J R | 2009 | Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer2009，23，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Ultrasound assisted microwave digestion 显示文摘 | CHEMAT S LAGHA A AMAR H A | 2004 | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry2004，11，： | 1 |
| 12 | Palhogenesis and pharmacological strategies for mitigating secondary damage in acute spinal cord injury 显示文摘 | Amar A P Levy M L | 1999 | Neurosurgery1999，44，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Excitotoxininduced neuronal degeneration and seizure are mediated by tissue plasminogen activator显示文摘 | Gualandris A Amaral DG | 1995 | Nature1995，377，： | 1 |
| 14 | Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance 显示文摘 | CANI P D AMAR J IGLESIAS M A | 2007 | Diabetes2007，56，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Bayesian Approach to Parameter Estimation of the Generalized Pareto Distribution显示文摘 | P de Zea Bermudez M A Amaral Turkman | 2003 | Test (Journal of Statistics and Probability)2003，12，1： | 1 |
| 16 | A Microwave Polarimetric Scattering Model for Forest Canopies Based on Vector Radiative Transfer Theory显示文摘 | Karam M A Amar F Fung A K | 1995 | Remote Sens Environ1995，53，1： | 1 |
| 17 | lnfluence of Masonry Infill Panels on the Vibration and Stiffness Characteristics of R/C Frame Buildings 显示文摘 | Chaker Amar A Cherifati Arslan | 1999 | Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics1999，12，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Physiobank,physiotoolkit and physionet:Components of a newresearch resource for complex physiologic signals显示文摘 | Goldberger A L Amaral L A Glass L | 2000 | Circulation2000，101，23： | 1 |
| 19 | Handgrip strength at ad- mission and time to discharge in medical and surgical inpatients 显示文摘 | Mendes J Azevedo A Amaral T F | 2013 | Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition2013，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Classes of small- world networks显示文摘 | Amaral LA Scala A Barthelemy M | 2000 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2000，97，11： | 1 |
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