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| 1 | 青藏高原东缘活动构造显示文摘青藏高原东缘由岷山断块和龙门山构造带构成。以活动构造地貌学为主线,在解析该地区主干断裂晚第四纪以来活动的地质地貌表现的基础上,对一批断裂运动学和史前强震活动的定量数据进行分析研究,结果表明:在岷山断块中,虎牙断裂的平均左旋滑动速率为1.4 mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.3 mm/a。岷江断裂的平均垂直滑动速率介于0.37 mm/a^0.53 mm/a之间,左旋位错量与垂直位错量大致相当;在龙门山构造带中,茂汶-汶川断裂、北川-映秀断裂和彭县-灌县断裂的平均垂直滑动速率均在1 mm/a左右,且几条主干断裂的右旋位错量与垂直位错量相当。结合震源机制解结果和GPS测量资料,建立晚新生代以来青藏高原东缘向南东方向逸出的构造变形模式。 | 周荣军 李勇 Alexander L Densmore Michael A Ellis 何玉林 王凤林 黎小刚 | 2006 | 矿物岩石2006，26，2： | 141 |
| 2 | Proton pump inhibitor-associated pneumonia:Not a breath of fresh air after all?显示文摘Over the past two decades,proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)have emerged as highly effective and relatively safe agents for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders.Unfortunately,this desirable pharmacological profile has also contributed to superfluous and widespread use in both the inpatient and outpatient settings.While generally well-tolerated,research published over the last decade has associated these agents with increased risks of Clostridium difficile disease, fractures likely due to calcium malabsorption and both community-acquired(CAP)and hospital-acquired pneumonias(HAP).The mechanism behind PPI-associated pneumonia may be multifactorial,but is thought to stem from compromising the stomach's'acid mantle'against gastric colonization of acid-labile pathogenic bacteria which then may be aspirated.A secondary postulate is that PPIs,through their inhibition of extra-gastric H+/K+ATPase enzymes,may reduce the acidity of the upper aerodigestive tract,thus resulting in increased bacterial colonization of the larynx,esophagus and lungs.To date,several retrospective case control studies have been published looking at the association between PPI use and CAP.Some studies found a temporal relationship between PPI exposure and the incidence of pneumonia,but only two could define a dose-response re-lationship.Furthermore,other studies found an inverse correlation between duration of PPI use and risk of CAP. In terms of HAP,we reviewed two retrospective cohort studies and one prospective study.One retrospective study in a medical ICU found no increased association of HAP in PPI-exposed patients compared to no acid-lowering therapy,while the other in cardiothoracic surgery patients showed a markedly increased risk compared to those receiving H2RAs.The one prospective study in ICU patients showed an increased risk of HAP with PPIs, but not with H2RAs.In conclusion,the current literature shows a slight trend toward an association between PPI use and pneumonia and an increased risk with PPIs over H2RAs,but the findings are not consistent across all studies.Larger controlled trials still need to be done to better identify the risk that PPIs impart towards patients contracting CAP or HAP.Until these are completed, we will have to continue to extrapolate across smaller controlled trials to predict the associated risks in our respective patient populations.In the interim,it appears prudent to limit the use of PPIs to situations where they are clinically indicated and,in such cases,use them at the lowest effective dose.In the case of prescribing for stress ulcer prophylaxis in ICU patients,perhaps H2RAs should be used as the preferred agents over PPIs. | Alexander L Fohl Randolph E Regal | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2011，2，3： | 12 |
| 3 | Updates in the management of cranial dural arteriovenous fistula显示文摘Dural arteriovenous fistula(dAVF)accounts for approximately 10%of all intracranial vascular malformations.While they can be benign lesions,the presence of retrograde venous drainage and cortical venous reflux makes the natural course of these lesions aggressive high risk of haemorrhage,neurological injury and mortality.Endovascular treatment is often the first line of treatment for dAVF.Both transarterial and transvenous approaches are used to cure dAVF.The selection of treatment approach depends on the angioarchitecture of the dAVF,the location,the direction of venous flow.Surgery and,to a lesser extent,stereotactic radiosurgery are used when endovascular approaches are impossible or unsuccessful. | Humain Baharvahdat Yinn Cher Ooi Wi Jin Kim Ashkan Mowla Alexander L Coon Geoffrey P Colby | 2020 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2020，5，1： | 10 |
| 4 | Near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node detection in gastric cancer: A pilot study显示文摘AIM: To investigate feasibility and accuracy of nearinfrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green: nanocolloid for sentinel lymph node(SLN) detection in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, phaseI feasibility trial was conducted. Patients suffering from gastric cancer and planned for gastrectomy were included. During surgery, a subserosal injection of 1.6 m L ICG:Nanocoll was administered around the tumor. NIR fluorescence imaging of the abdominal cavity was performed using the Mini-FLARE? NIR fluorescence imaging system. Lymphatic pathways and SLNs were visualized. Of every detected SLN, the corresponding lymph node station, signal-to-background ratio and histopathological diagnosis was determined. Patients underwent standard-of-care gastrectomy. Detected SLNs outside the standard dissection planes were also resected and evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Four patients were excluded because distant metastases were found during surgery or due to technical failure of the injection. In 21 of the remaining 22 patients, at least 1 SLN was detected by NIR Fluorescence imaging(mean 3.1 SLNs; range 1-6). In 8 of the 21 patients, tumor-positive LNs were found. Overall accuracy of the technique was 90%(70%-99%; 95%CI), which decreased by higher p T-stage(100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 0% for respectively Tx, T1, T2, T3, T4 tumors). All NIR-negative SLNs were completely effaced by tumor. Mean fluorescence signal-to-background ratio of SLNs was 4.4(range 1.4-19.8). In 8 of the 21 patients, SLNs outside the standard resection plane were identified, that contained malignant cells in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: This study shows successful use of ICG:Nanocoll as lymphatic tracer for SLN detection in gastric cancer. Moreover, tumor-containing LNs outside the standard dissection planes were identified. | Quirijn RJG Tummers Leonora SF Boogerd Wobbe O de Steur Floris PR Verbeek Martin C Boonstra Henricus JM Handgraaf John V Frangioni Cornelis JH van de Velde Henk H Hartgrink Alexander L Vahrmeijer | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，13： | 9 |
| 5 | Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of a solitary fibrous tumor of the pancreas using methylene blue显示文摘A 67-year-old female presented with unexplained abdominal pain. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen incidentally revealed a mass in the uncinate process of the pancreas. This mass was resected and based on histopathological findings, diagnosed as a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pancreas. A SFT is an extremely rare benign mesenchymal tumor that in 65% of cases affects the visceral pleura but can also affect extra-pleural sites. The intraoperative demarcation of pancreatic tumors, such as SFTs, can bechallenging. In this report, the first clear intraoperative identification of a SFT of the pancreas in a human was shown using near-infrared fluorescence and methylene blue. | Joost R van der Vorst Alexander L Vahrmeijer Merlijn Hutteman Tjalling Bosse Vincent THBM Smit Cornelis JH van de Velde John V Frangioni Bert A Bonsing | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2012，4，7： | 7 |
| 6 | Cerebral aneurysm treatment: modern neurovascular techniques显示文摘Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysm continues to evolve with the development of new technologies.This review provides an overview of the recent major innovations in the neurointerventional space in recent years. | Bowen Jiang Michelle Paff Geoffrey P Colby Alexander L Coon Li-Mei Lin | 2016 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2016，1，3： | 6 |
| 7 | Transanal total mesorectal excision: Myths and reality显示文摘Transanal total mesorectal excision(TaTME) is a new and promising approach for the treatment of rectal cancer. Whilst the experience is still limited, there are growing evidences that this approach might overcome the limits of standard low anterior resection. TaTME might help to decrease the conversion rate especially in difficult patients, and to improve the pathological results, while preserving the urogenital function. Evaluation of data from large registries and randomized studies should help to draw firmer conclusions. Beyond these technical considerations, the next challenge seems to be clearly the safe introduction of this approach, motivating the development of dedicated courses. | Nicolas C Buchs Marta Penna Alexander L Bloemendaal Roel Hompes | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2016，7，5： | 5 |
| 8 | Enhanced expression of interleukin-18 in serum and pancreas of patients with chronic pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with chronic panreatitis (CP). METHODS: We studied 29 patients with CP and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and incubated with 50 mmol/L ethanol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (doses 25 g/L, 250 g/L, 2500 g/L) and both agents for 24 h. Levels of IL-18 in the supernatants, and levels of IL-18, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ and soluble CD14 in the serum were analysed by ELISA technique. Expression of IL-18 in PBMC was investigated by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. IL-18 protein levels in CP tissue and in normal pancreas were studied by ELISA technique. IL-18 levels in PBMC and pancreatic tissue were determined by Westernblot. Im-munohistochemistry for pancreatic IL-18 expression was performed. RESULTS: In patients, IL-18 serum levels were signifi-cantly enhanced by 76% (mean: 289.9 ± 167.7 ng/L) compared with controls (mean: 165.2 ± 43.6 ng/L; P < 0.0005). IL-12 levels were enhanced by 25% in patients (18.3 ± 7.3 ng/L) compared with controls (14.7 ± 6.8ng/L, P = 0.0576) although not reaching the statistical significance. IFN-γ and soluble CD14 levels were not in-creased. In vitro, LPS stimulated significantly and dose-dependently IL-18 secretion from PBMC. Incubation with ethanol reduced LPS-stimulated IL-18 secretion by about 50%. The mRNA expression of IL-18 in PBMC and the response of PBMC to ethanol and LPS was similar in CP patients and controls. In PBMC, no significant differences in IL-18 protein levels were detected between patients and controls. IL-18 protein levels were increased in CP tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues. IL-18 was expressed by pancreatic acinar cells and by infiltrating inflammatory cells within the pancreas. CONCLUSION: IL-18 originates from the chronically inflammed pancreas and appears to be involved in the fibrotic destruction of the organ. | Alexander Schneider Stephan L Haas Ralf Hildenbrand Sren Siegmund Iris Reinhard Helmut Nakovics Manfred V Singer Peter Feick | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，40： | 4 |
| 9 | 二维分形参数与构造活动关系研究--以滇西南块体为例显示文摘构造地貌能够记录构造运动的长期积累,并能通过相关参数定量表达。但是,由于地貌还受到气候和岩性等因素的影响,所以如何利用相关参数来表达地貌与构造之间的关系是一个研究热点。文中利用水平分辨率为90m的SRTM数据,采用元分维模型,通过变差函数法计算了滇西南地区的二维分形参数。并对比了在不同岩性不同气候条件下分形参数的分布特征。结果显示,二维分形参数与岩性、气候因素相关性不强。而分维值与构造活动因素相关性很好,在构造活动强烈区域分维值较低,在构造活动不强烈区域分维值较高。这说明分维值能在一定程度上反映构造活动的强弱,为研究区域构造活动提供了一种新的手段。 | 石峰 何宏林 Alexander L Densmore 毕丽思 魏占玉 | 2016 | 地震地质2016，38，4： | 4 |
| 10 | Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model显示文摘AIM: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse model.METHODS: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. Murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; MannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). No gender differences in the serum liver parameters [bilirubin; alanine aminotransferase(ALT); aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(AP)] were found. In vitro, the administration of IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in HSC proliferation [0.94 ± 0.72 arbitrary units(A.U.) in untreated controls, 1.12 ± 0.80 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L and 1.18 ± 0.73 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; analyses of variance(ANOVA)]. Proliferation was reduced significantly by the addition of 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra(0.81 ± 0.60 A.U. in untreated controls, 0.92 ± 0.68 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L, and 0.91 ± 0.69 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L; in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; ANOVA) suggesting an anti-proliferative effect of this clinically approved IL-1 receptor antagonist. The FDH assay showed this dose to be non-toxic in HSCs. In vivo, Anakinra had no effect on the hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, liver serum tests(ALT and AP) and profibrotic(collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, transforming growth factor-β, and TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic [matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), MMP9 and MMP13 ] gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Furthermore, the hepatic IL-1β and F4/80 m RNA expression levels were unaffected by Anakinra treatment.CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in Abcb4^(-/-) mice and promotes HSC proliferation. IL-1 antagonism shows antifibrotic effects in vitro but not in Abcb4^(-/-) mice. | Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta M Nagel Manuel O Carranza Doris Mayr Christian Rust Peter Fickert Michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，8： | 3 |
| 11 | Nutritional and health benefits of semi-elemental diets: A comprehensive summary of the literature显示文摘AIM:To critically review and summarize the literature on nutritional and health outcomes of semi-elemental formulations on various nutritionally vulnerable patient populations who are unable to achieve adequate nutrition from standard oral diets.METHODS:We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Pubmed and Embase databases.We manually screened articles that examined nutritional and health outcomes(e.g.,growth,disease activity,gastrointestinal impairment,mortality,and economic impact)among various patient groups receiving semi-elemental diets.This review focused on full-text articles of randomized controlled clinical trials and other intervention studies,but pertinent abstracts and case studies were also included.Results pertaining primarily to tolerance,digestion,and absorption were summarized for each patient population in this systematic review.RESULTS:Results pertaining primarily to tolerance,digestion,and absorption were summarized for each patient population.The efficacy of semi-elemental whey hydrolyzed protein(WHP)diet have been reported in various nutritionally high risk patient populations including-Crohn’s disease,short bowel syndrome,acute and chronic pancreatitis,cerebral palsy,cystic fibrosis,cerebrovascular accidents,human immunodeficiency virus,critically ill,and geriatrics.Collectively,the evidence from the medical literature indicates that feeding with a semi-elemental diet performs as well or better than parenteral or amino acid based diets in terms of toler-ance,digestion,and nutrient assimilation measures across various disease conditions.CONCLUSION:Based on this comprehensive review of the literature,patient populations who have difficulty digesting or absorbing standard diets may be able to achieve improved health and nutritional outcomes through the use of semi-elemental WHP diets. | Dominik D Alexander Lauren C Bylsma Laura Elkayam Douglas L Nguyen | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2016，7，2： | 3 |
| 12 | PI 3-kinase pathway is responsible for antiapoptotic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in rat liver transplantation显示文摘AIM:To investigate the in vivo effect of atrial natriureticpeptide(ANP)and its signaling pathway during ortho-topic rat liver transplantation.METHODS:Rats were infused with NaCl,ANP(5 μg/kg),wortmannin(WM,16 μg/kg),or a combination ofboth for 20 min.Livers were stored in UW solution(4°C)for 24 h,transplanted and reperfused.Apoptosis wasexamined by caspase-3 activity and TUNEL staining.Phosphorylation of Akt and Bad was visualized by West-ern blotting and phospho-Akt-localization by confocalmicroscopy.RESULTS:ANP-pretreatment decreased caspase-3activity and TUNEL-positive cells after cold ischemia,indicating antiapoptotic effects of ANP in vivo.The an-tiapoptotic signaling of ANP was most likely caused byphosphorylation of Akt and Bad,since pretreatment withPI 3-kinase inhibitor WM abrogated the ANP-inducedreduction of caspase-3 activity.Interestingly,analysis ofliver tissue by confocal microscopy showed translocationof phosphorylated Akt to the plasma membrane of hepa-tocytes evoked by ANP.CONCLUSION:ANP activates the PI-3-kinase pathwayin the liver in vivo leading to phosphorylation of Bad, an event triggering antiapoptotic signaling cascade inischemic liver. | Uwe Grutzner Melanie Keller Michael Bach Alexandra K Kiemer Herbert Meissner Manfred Bilzer Stefan Zahler Alexander L Gerbes Angelika M Vollmar | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，7： | 3 |
| 13 | 利用水系流域偏转研究走滑断层的运动模式--以南汀河断裂带为例显示文摘构造地貌能够记录构造运动的长期积累,并能通过相关参数定量表达。水系是对构造作用反映最敏感的地貌之一,长期以来许多研究者利用水系来反映和研究构造。但是过去的研究大都集中在垂直运动的构造作用区域上,尤其是正断层区域上,而对走滑作用区域的研究非常少。文中以南汀河断裂带为研究区域,利用高精度DEM数据提取水系。通过研究断层附近水系流域的偏转来研究南汀河断裂带的运动模式。通过分析流水地貌对断层活动的响应特征,对断裂带的空间展布和活动性进行了分析,为探讨活动断层与地貌响应之间的关系提供良好范例。 | 石峰 何宏林 Alexander L Densmore 魏占玉 孙浩越 | 2018 | 地震地质2018，40，4： | 3 |
| 14 | Colonoscopy quality with Entonox? vs intravenous conscious sedation:18608 colonoscopy retrospective study显示文摘AIM To compare colonoscopy quality with nitrous oxide gas(Entonox?) against intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively held database of 18608 colonoscopies carried out in Lothian health board hospitals between July 2013 and January 2016.The quality of colonoscopies performed with Entonox was compared to intravenous conscious sedation(abbreviated in this article as IVM).Furthermore,the quality of colonoscopies performed with an unmedicated group was compared to IVM.The study used the following key markers of colonoscopy quality:(1) patient comfort scores;(2) caecal intubation rates(CIRs); and (3) polyp detection rates (PDRs).We used binary logistic regression to model the data.RESULTS There was no difference in the rate of moderate-toextreme discomfort between the Entonox and IVM groups (17.9% vs 18.8%; OR = 1.06,95%CI: 0.95-1.18,P = 0.27).Patients in the unmedicated group were less likely to experience moderate-to-extreme discomfort than those in the IVM group(11.4% vs 18.8%; OR = 0.71,95%CI: 0.60-0.83,P < 0.001).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the Entonox and IVM groups(94.4% vs 93.7%; OR = 1.08,95%CI: 0.92-1.28,P = 0.34).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the unmedicated and IVM groups (94.2% vs 93.7%; OR = 0.98,95%CI: 0.79-1.22,P = 0.87).Polyp detection in the Entonox group was not different from IVM group (35.0% vs 33.1%; OR = 1.01,95%CI: 0.93-1.10,P = 0.79).Polyp detection in the unmedicated group was not significantly different from the IVM group (37.4% vs 33.1%; OR = 0.97,95%CI: 0.87-1.08,P = 0.60).CONCLUSION The use of Entonox was not associated with lower colonoscopy quality when compared to intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid. | Alexander R Robertson Nicholas A Kennedy James A Robertson Nicholas I Church Colin L Noble | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，9： | 3 |
| 15 | Fondaparinux预防老年急性内科患者发生静脉血栓形成的效果与安全性:随机安慰剂对照研究显示文摘目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并急性呼吸系统疾患、急性炎症性或感染性疾病,预期至少住院4天以上。干预:2.5 mg Fondaparinux 或安慰剂,每天1次皮下注射,持续6~14天。观察指标:主要指标为静脉血栓形成(治疗后15天内采用双侧静脉造影检查)及有症状的静脉血栓;次要指标为死亡与出血。患者随访时间为1个月。结果:Fondaparinux 治疗组425例患者和安慰剂组414例患者接受了安全性分析(10例未治疗)。644例患者(75.9%)可接受主要指标分析。静脉血栓检出率在 Fondaparinux 治疗组为5.6%(18/321),安慰剂组为10.5%(34/323),相对危险减少46.7%(95% CI 7.7%~69.3%)。安慰剂组5例患者发生有症状的静脉血栓,Fondaparinux治疗组无患者发生有症状的静脉血栓(P=0.029)。两组均有1例(0.2%)患者发生严重出血。随访结束时,安慰剂组、Fondaparinux 治疗组分别死亡25(6.0%)、14(3.3%)例患者。结论:Fondaparinux 可有效预防急性内科老年患者无症状性及有症状的静脉血栓。严重出血几率两组相似。 | Alexander T Cohen Bruce L Davidson Alexander S Gallus Michael R Lassen Martin H Prins Witold Tomkowski Alexander G G Turpie Jan F M Egberts Anthonie W A Lensing 石汉平(译) 王深明(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 3 |
| 16 | 汶川地震对龙门山地区平通河河流系统沉积物输移的影响显示文摘通过对龙门山地区2008年9月和2010年8月发生的大规模的滑坡和泥石流地质灾害的实地考察,并在详细分析龙门山北段平通河地震前后输沙率变化情况的基础上,对龙门山地区2008年汶川地震驱动的地质灾害空间分布情况、龙门山地区地形地貌特征和龙门山地区降水空间分布情况作对比分析,获得以下认识:①汶川地震对该区地质灾害的影响将是持续的,震后地质灾害形成的松散物源将以河流为载体,被输送到下游,并对下游水利建设、防洪防涝等产生较大影响;②构造因素(汶川地震)和地形地貌因素为地质灾害发生的根本原因,气候(降水量和降水强度)则为直接诱发因素。 | 颜照坤 李勇 黄润秋 林伟 李奋生 DENSMORE Alexander L HILTON Robert G | 2011 | 自然杂志2011，33，6： | 3 |
| 17 | Procedural complexity independent of P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values is associated with acute in situ thrombosis in Pipeline flow diversion of cerebral aneurysms显示文摘background Acute in situ thrombosis is an ischaemic phenomenon during Pipeline embolisation device(PED)procedures with potentially high morbidity and mortality.There is controversy regarding the role of platelet function testing with P2Y12 assay as a predictor of intraprocedural thromboembolic events.There is limited knowledge on whether procedural complexity influences these events.Methods Data were collected retrospectively on 742 consecutive PED cases at a single institution.Patients with intraprocedural acute thrombosis were compared with patients without these events.results A cohort of 37 PED cases with acute in situ thrombosis(mean age 53.8 years,mean aneurysm size 8.4 mm)was matched with a cohort of 705 PED cases without intraprocedural thromboembolic events(mean age 56.4 years,mean aneurysm size 6.9 mm).All patients with in situ thrombosis received intra-arterial and/or intravenous abciximab.The two groups were evenly matched in patient demographics,previous treatment/subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)and aneurysm location.There was no statistical difference in postprocedural P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values between the two groups,with a mean of 156 in the in situ thrombosis group vs 148 in the control group(p=0.5894).Presence of cervical carotid tortuosity,high cavernous internal carotid artery grade,need for multiple PED and vasospasm were not significantly different between the two groups.The in situ thrombosis group had statistically significant longer fluoroscopy time(60.4 vs 38.4 min,p<0.0001),higher radiation exposure(3476 vs 2160 mGy,p<0.0001),higher rates of adjunctive coiling(24.3% vs 8.37%,p=0.0010)and higher utilisation of balloon angioplasty(37.8% vs 12.2%,p<0.0001).Clinically,the in situ thrombosis cohort had higher incidence of major and minor stroke,intracerebral haemorrhage and length of stay.Conclusions Predictors of procedural complexity(higher radiation exposure,longer fluoroscopy time,adjunctive coiling and need for balloon angioplasty)are associated with acute thrombotic events during PED placement,independent of PRU values. | Bowen Jiang Matthew T Bender Erick M Westbroek Jessica K Campos Li-Mei Lin Risheng Xu Rafael J Tamargo Judy Huang Geoffrey P Colby Alexander L Coon | 2018 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2018，3，3： | 2 |
| 18 | 蕈样肉芽肿浸润性皮损中树突细胞表型特征的研究显示文摘目的 探讨蕈样肉芽肿(MF)皮损中树突细胞(DC)表型及其临床意义。方法 检测DC表面分子的单克隆抗体和免疫组化技术。结果 MF斑片/斑块期的表皮及真皮浅层内存在大量的未成熟DC和成熟DC,主要是CD1a+、CD1c+、Lag+/Langerin未成熟DC和CD83+/DC-Lamp+成熟DC。肿瘤期的真皮内也见大量的CD1a+、CD1c+未成熟DC和CD83+/DC-Lamp+成熟DC,但Lag+/Langerin+DC更多见于表皮和真皮浅层,真皮深层少见,而此处CD1a+、CD1c+未成熟DC明显增多。结论 在MF斑片/斑块期,表皮朗格汉斯细胞发生了迁移,可能参与了抗肿瘤免疫反应,而肿瘤期真皮内大量CD1a+DC可能对相应的免疫耐受产生作用。 | 冯爱平 Matthias Lüftl Ecka Licha Alexander Steinkasserer 刘志香 陈思远 连昕 涂亚庭 | 2003 | 中华皮肤科杂志2003，36，10： | 2 |
| 19 | 蕈样肉芽肿皮损中IL-10与树突状细胞关系的研究显示文摘目的探讨蕈样肉芽肿(MF)疾病进程中IL-10的变化特征与树突状细胞(DC)的关系。方法取皮肤MF肿瘤组织冰冻切片,采用单克隆抗体免疫组化染色(AEC,DAB,VIP单染,DAB/VIP双染及DAB/VIP/H istoG reen多染)及TdT介导的dUTP缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL)进行原位检测。结果MF肿瘤组织的斑片及斑块期真表皮内IL-10+细胞数明显低于肿瘤期(P<0.05),肿瘤期真皮浸润性T细胞区域可见许多IL-10+细胞,为两种不同的细胞。双染显示IL-10+细胞常聚集在未成熟的DC周围,多染发现吞噬有凋亡细胞的未成熟DC周围有IL-10+细胞存在。结论MF皮损中IL-10增多是这一疾病进展的重要征象,它可能至少有两种细胞分泌,在肿瘤期,IL-10可能通过阻止吞噬有凋亡细胞的DC的成熟诱导抗肿瘤免疫耐受。 | 冯爱平 Matthias Lüftl Licha Ecka Alexander Steinkasserer | 2006 | 中国皮肤性病学杂志2006，20，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Effect of protozoan predation on relative abundance of fast- and slow-growing bacteria 显示文摘 | Sinclair J L Alexander M | 1989 | Can J Microbiol1989，35，5： | 1 |
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