| 1 | 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的重症监护处理:神经危重症监护学会多学科共识会议的推荐意见显示文摘蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoidhemorrhage,SAH)是一种可对中枢神经系统造成毁灭性打击并对其他多个器官产生显著影响的急性脑血管病。SAH患者被常规收入重症监护病房并由多学科团队进行治疗。由于高质量研究证据的缺乏,使得治疗方法各异,可供选择的指导意见不多。现有的指南主要强调危险因素、预防、自然史以及再出血的预防,很少涉及SAH患者的重症监护问题。美国神经危重症监护学会组织了一次国际性多学科共识会议来探讨SAH的重症监护处理。根据发表的文章和研究领域,此次会议召集了来自欧洲和北美地区的神经重症监护科、神经外科、神经内科、介入神经放射科和神经麻醉科方面的专家。根据临床经验和制定实践指南方面的经验,选择4名经验丰富的神经重症监护专家组成评判委员会。应用推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GradesofRecommendationsAssessment,DevelopmentandEvaluation,GRADE)系统进行文献回顾,结合参会者的经验、评判委员会的审评以及文献讨论产生推荐意见。应用GRADE系统制定推荐意见,其制定原则不仅强调研究资料的质量,而且还重视利弊权衡与实践转化。对SAH患者日常处理过程中面临的所有问题均提供指导和推荐意见,即使缺乏高质量的证据。 | Michael N. Diringer Thomas P. Bleck J. Claude Hemphill David Menon Lori Shutter Paul Vespa Nicolas Bruder E. Sander Connolly Jr Giuseppe Citerio Daryl Gress Daniel Hanggi Brian L. Hoh Giuseppe Lanzino Peter Le Roux Alejandro Rabinstein, Erich Schmut zhard Nino Stocchetti Jose I. Suarez Miriam Tresgiari Ming-Yuan Tseng Mervyn D. I. Vergouwen Stefan Wolf Gregory Zip fel 田飞(译) 宿 英英(译) | 2013 | 国际脑血管病杂志2013，21，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Mitochondrial metabolism and glutamine are essential for mesoderm differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells显示文摘Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) generate energy mainly by aerobic glycolysis, with glutamine oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle providing additional ATP required for survival.1,2,3 During the exit from pluripotency and initial differentiation into multiple germ lineage precursors, energy production shifts from mainly aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).1 Until recently, consensus in the field was that as PSCs exit pluripotency, a metabolic switch from aerobic glycolysis to OXPHOS is required. However, a more detailed examination of nascent ectoderm (EC) metabolism showed unexpected maintenance of a high, MYC-dependent glycolytic flux, resembling sustained hPSC metabolism, in contrast to mesoderm (ME) and endoderm (EN),4 generating questions for the role(s) of mitochondrial metabolism in early hPSC tri-lineage differentiation. To examine this issue, we differentiated hPSCs into early EN, ME, and EC lineages using a non-limiting, nutrient-balanced culture media that differed only by established lineage-driving cytokines,5,6 so that intrinsic metabolic preferences were not derived from a variance in nutrient composition (Supplementary information, Data S1). Principal component analysis (PCA) of these early lineages using RNA-Seq was equivalent to a previous study using nutrient-balanced and chemically defined growth media.4 Furthermore, transcriptomic and protein biomarker expression matched established profiles for hPSCs and hPSC-derived EN, ME, and EC (Supplementary information, Fig. S1a–c, Table S1),7 confirming the validity of our model system. | Vivian Lu Perrine Dahan Fasih M. Ahsan Alexander N. Patananan Irena J. Roy Alejandro Torres Jr Robert M. T. Nguyen Dian Huang Daniel Braas Michael A. Teitell | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，7： | 0 |
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