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| 1 | From river blindness control to elimination:bridge over troubled water显示文摘Background:An estimated 25 million people are currently infected with onchocerciasis(a parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by Simulium vectors),and 99%of these are in sub-Saharan Africa.The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control closed in December 2015 and the World Health Organization has established a new structure,the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases for the coordination of technical support for activities focused on five neglected tropical diseases in Africa,including onchocerciasis elimination.Aims:In this paper we argue that despite the delineation of a reasonably well-defined elimination strategy,its implementation will present particular difficulties in practice.We aim to highlight these in an attempt to ensure that they are well understood and that effective plans can be laid to solve them by the countries concerned and their international partners.Conclusions:A specific concern is the burden of disease caused by onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in hyperendemic zones situated in countries experiencing difficulties in strengthening their onchocerciasis control programmes.These difficulties should be identified and programmes supported during the transition from morbidity control to interruption of transmission and elimination. | Robert Colebunders Maria-Gloria Basanez Katja Siling Rory J.Post Anke Rotsaert Bruno Mmbando Patrick Suykerbuyk Adrian Hopkins | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Report of the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy显示文摘Background:Recently,several epidemiological studies performed in Onchocerca volvulus-endemic regions have suggested that onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)may constitute an important but neglected public health problem in many countries where onchocerciasis is still endemic.Main text:On October 12-14th 2017,the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)was held in Antwerp,Belgium.The workshop was attended by 79 participants from 20 different countries.Recent research findings strongly suggest that O.volvulus is an important contributor to epilepsy,particularly in meso-and hyperendemic areas for onchocerciasis.Infection with O.volvulus is associated with a spectrum of epileptic seizures,mainly generalised tonic-clonic seizures but also atonic neck seizures(nodding),and stunted growth.OAE is characterised by an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 years.Multidisciplinary working groups discussed topics such as how to 1)strengthen the evidence for an association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy,2)determine the burden of disease caused by OAE,3)prevent OAE,4)improve the treatment/care for persons with OAE and affected families,5)identify the pathophysiological mechanism of OAE,and 6)deal with misconceptions,stigma,discrimination and gender violence associated with OAE.An OAE Alliance was created to increase awareness about OAE and its public health importance,stimulate research and disseminate research findings,and create partnerships between OAE researchers,communities,advocacy groups,ministries of health,non-governmental organisations,the pharmaceutical industry and funding organizations.Conclusions:Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying OAE remains unknown,there is increasing evidence that by controlling and eliminating onchocerciasis,OAE will also disappear.Therefore,OAE constitutes an additional argument for strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts.Given the high numbers of people with epilepsy in O.volvulus-endemic regions,more advocacy is urgently needed to provide anti-epileptic treatment to improve the quality of life of these individuals and their families. | Robert Colebunders Michel Mandro Alfred K.Njamnshi Michel Boussinesq An Hotterbeekx Joseph Kamgno Sarah O’Neill Adrian Hopkins Patrick Suykerbuyk Maria-Gloria Basanez Rory J.Post Belen Pedrique Pierre-Marie Preux Wilma A.Stolk Thomas B.Nutman Richard Idro | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa by 2025: an ambitious target requires ambitious interventions显示文摘To achieve the elimination of onchocerciasis transmission in all African countries will entail enormous challenges,as has been highlighted by the active discussion around onchocerciasis intervention strategies and evaluation procedures in this journal.Serological thresholds for onchocerciasis elimination,adapted for the African setting,need to be established.The Onchocerciasis Technical Advisory Subgroup of the World Health Organization is currently developing improved guidelines to allow country elimination committees to make evidence-based decisions.Importantly,onchocerciasisrelated morbidity should not be forgotten when debating elimination prospects.A morbidity management and disease prevention(MMDP)strategy similar to that for lymphatic filariasis will need to be developed.This will require collaboration between the onchocerciasis elimination program,the community and other partners including primary health and mental health programs.In order to reach the goal of onchocerciasis elimination in most African countries by 2025,we should prioritize community participation and advocate for tailored interventions which are scientifically proven to be effective,but currently considered to be too expensive. | Robert Colebunders Wilma A.Stolk Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Charles D.Mackenzie Adrian Hopkins | 2019 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2019，8，5： | 0 |
| 4 | Predictive value of retinal function by the Purkinje test in patients scheduled for cataract surgery in Kinshasa, DR Congo显示文摘AIM:To assess the retinal function in patients with dense cataracts in resource poor settings in Kinshasa,DR Congo.METHODS:In a tertiary eye care center,the Purkinje entoptic test was performed as part of the ophthalmological examination in 98 eyes in patients with cataract,using a penlight.Totally 92 cataract patients including 86 patients suffered from unilateral and 6 from bilateral cataracts were included in the study.The investigator asked the patients about their perception of the vascular pattern most commonly described as a leafless or dead tree.Visual acuity≥6/60 was considered an indication of good visual function and visual acuity<6/60 of poor function.Following small incision cataract surgery,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was determined and compared with the preoperative findings.RESULTS:Out of 98 eyes,there were 80(81.6%)where the Purkinje entoptic phenomenon was reported by the patients.After cataract surgery,out of the 80 eyes,there were 75(93.8%)with a BCVA of better than 6/60,whereas in 5 eyes(6.2%),BCVA was 6/60 or less.Out of the 18 eyes(18.4%)where no Purkinje tree was recognized,there were 14(77.8%)with BCVA of better than 6/60,whereas in 4(22.2%)BCVA was 6/60 or less.CONCLUSION:The Purkinje entoptic test is successfully used for preoperative assessment of retinal function inpatients with dense cataract.However,further investigation and refinement of the test is necessary to validate the method for use in sub-Saharan conditions. | Serge Dinkulu Ngoy Janvier Kilangalanga Edith Mukwanseke Longo Flavien Lutete Adrian Hopkins Rudolf Friedrich Guthoff Thomas Stahnke | 2021 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2021，14，9： | 0 |
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