| 1 | Targeting Glycinebetaine for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants:Physiological Mechanism,Molecular Interaction and Signaling显示文摘In the era of climate change,abiotic stresses(e.g.,salinity,drought,extreme temperature,flooding,metal/metalloid(s),UV radiation,ozone,etc.)are considered as one of the most complex environmental constraints that restricts crop production worldwide.Introduction of stress-tolerant crop cultivars is the most auspicious way of surviving this constraint,and to produce these types of tolerant crops.Several bioengineering mechanisms involved in stress signaling are being adopted in this regard.One example of this kind of manipulation is the osmotic adjustment.The quarternary ammonium compound glycinebetaine(GB),also originally referred to as betaine is a methylated glycine derivative.Among the betaines,GB is the most abundant one in plants,which is mostly produced in response to dehydration caused by different abiotic stresses like drought,salinity,and extreme temperature.Glycinebetaine helps in decreased accumulation and detoxification of ROS,thereby restoring photosynthesis and reducing oxidative stress.It takes part in stabilizing membranes and macromolecules.It is also involved in the stabilization and protection of photosynthetic components,such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,photosystem II and quarternary enzyme and protein complex structures under environmental stresses.Glycinebetaine was found to perform in chaperone-induced protein disaggregation.In addition,GB can confer stress tolerance in very low concentrations,and it acts in activating defense responsive genes with stress protection.Recently,field application of GB has also shown protective effects against environmental adversities increasing crop yield and quality.In this review,we will focus on the role of GB in conferring abiotic stress tolerance and the possible ways to engineer GB biosynthesis in plants. | Mirza Hasanuzzaman Aditya Banerjee M.H.M.Borhannuddin Bhuyan Aryadeep Roychoudhury Jubayer Al Mahmud Masayuki Fujita | 2019 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2019，88，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Improvement of Plasma Performance with Lithium Wall Conditioning in Aditya Tokamak显示文摘Lithiumization of the vacuum vessel wall of the Aditya tokamak using a lithium rod exposed to glow discharge cleaning plasma has been done to understand its effect on plasma performance. After the Li-coating, an increment of ~100 eV in plasma electron temperature has been observed in most of the discharges compared to discharges without Li coating, and the shot reproducibility is considerably improved. Detailed studies of impurity behaviour and hydrogen recycling are made in the Li coated discharges by observing spectral lines of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in the visible region using optical fiber, an interference filter, and PMT based systems. A large reduction in O I signal (up to ~ 40% to 50%) and a 20% to 30% decrease of H α signal indicate significant reduction of wall recycling. Furthermore, VUV emissions from O V and Fe XV monitored by a grazing incidence monochromator also show the reduction. Lower Fe XV emission indicates the declined impurity penetration to the core plasma in the Li coated discharges. Significant increase of the particle and energy confinement times and the reduction of Z eff of the plasma certainly indicate the improved plasma parameters in the Aditya tokamak after lithium wall conditioning. | M. B. CHOWDHURI R. MANCHANDA J. GHOSH S. B. BHATT Ajai KUMAR B. K. DAS K. A. JADEJA P. A. RAIJADA Manoj KUMAR S. BANERJEE Nilam RAMAIYA Aniruddh MALI Ketan M. PATEL Vinay KUMAR P. VASU R. BHATTACHARYAY R. L. TANNA Y. Shankara JOISA P. K. ATREY C. V. S. RAO D. Chenna REDDY P. K. CHATTOPADHYAY R. JHA Y. C. SAXENA Aditya team | 2013 | Plasma Science and Technology2013，15，2： | 0 |
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