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| 1 | Aetiology and risk factors of ischaemic cholangiopathy after liver transplantation显示文摘Liver transplantation(LT)is the best treatment for endstage hepatic failure,with an excellent survival rates over the last decade.Biliary complications after LT pose a major challenge especially with the increasing number of procured organs after circulatory death.Ischaemic cholangiopathy(IC)is a set of disorders characterized by multiple diffuse strictures affecting the graft biliary system in the absence of hepatic artery thrombosis or stenosis.It commonly presents with cholestasis and cholangitis resulting in higher readmission rates,longer length of stay,repeated therapeutic interventions,and eventually re-transplantation with consequent effects on the patient’s quality of life and increased health care costs.The pathogenesis of IC is unclear and exhibits a higher prevalence with prolonged ischaemia time,donation after circulatory death(DCD),rejection,and cytomegalovirus infection.The majority of IC occurs within 12 mo after LT.Prolonged warm ischaemic times predispose to a profound injury with a subsequently higher prevalence of IC.Biliary complications and IC rates are between 16%and 29%in DCD grafts com-pared to between 3%and 17%in donation after brain death(DBD)grafts.The majority of ischaemic biliary lesions occur within 30 d in DCD compared to 90 d in DBD grafts following transplantation.However,there are many other risk factors for IC that should be considered.The benefits of DCD in expanding the donor pool are hindered by the higher incidence of IC with increased rates of re-transplantation.Careful donor selection and procurement might help to optimize the utilization of DCD grafts. | Moustafa Mabrouk Mourad Abdullah Algarni Christos Liossis Simon R Bramhall | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，20： | 16 |
| 2 | Anticoagulation and antiplatelets as prophylaxis for hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation显示文摘Hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT) is the most serious vascular complication after liver transplantation. Multiple risk factors have been identified to impact its development. Changes in haemostasis associated with end stage liver disease and the disturbance of the coagulation and anticoagulation cascades play an important role in development of this lethal complication. Early recognition and therapeutic intervention is mandatory to avoid its consequences. Pharmacological prophylaxis, by the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents, is an important tool to reduce its incidence and prevent graft loss. Only a few studies have shown a clear benefit of antiplatelet agents in reducing HAT occurrence, however, these studies are limited by being retrospective and by inhomogeneous populations. The use of anticoagulants such as heparin is associated with an improvement in the outcomes mainly when used for a high-risk patients like living related liver recipients. The major concern when using these agents is the tendency to increase bleeding complications in a setting of already unstable haemostasis. Hence, monitoring of their administration and careful selection of patients to be treated are of great importance. Well-designed clinical studies are still needed to further explore their effects and to formulate proper protocols that can be implemented safely. | Abdullah A Algarni Moustafa M Mourad Simon R Bramhall | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，9： | 2 |
| 3 | Outcomes of staged hepatectomies for liver malignancy显示文摘Liver malignancies are the fifth most common cause of death worldwide.Surgical intervention with curative intent is the treatment of choice for liver tumors as it provides long-term survival.However,only 20%of patients with metastatic liver lesions can be managed by curative liver resection.In most of the cases,hepatectomy is not feasible because of insufficient future liver remnant(FLR).Two-stage hepatectomy is advocated to achieve liver resection in a patient who is considered to not be a candidate for resection.Procedures of staged hepatectomy include conventional two-stage hepatectomy,portal vein embolization,and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for a staged hepatectomy.Technical success is high for each of these procedures but variable between them.All the procedures have been reported as being effective in achieving a satisfactory FLR and completing the second-stage resection.Moreover,the overall survival and disease-free survival rates have improved significantly for patients who were otherwise considered nonresectable;yet,an increase in the morbidity and mortality rates has been observed.We suggest that this type of procedure should be carried out in high-flow centers and through a multidisciplinary approach.An experienced surgeon is key to the success of those interventions. | Naif A Albati Ali A Korairi Ibrahim Al Hasan Helayel K Almodhaiberi Abdullah A Algarni | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，6： | 2 |
| 4 | A New Rayleigh Distribution:Properties and Estimation Based on Progressive Type-II Censored Data with an Application显示文摘In this paper,we propose a new extension of the traditional Rayleigh distribution called the modified Kies Rayleigh distribution.The new distribution contains one scale and one shape parameter and its hazard rate function can be increasing and bathtub-shaped.Some mathematical properties of the new distribution are derived including quantiles and moments.The parameters of modified Kies Rayleigh distribution are estimated based on progressively Type-II censored data.For this purpose,we consider two estimation methods,namely maximum likelihood and maximum product of spacing estimation methods.To compare the efficiency of the proposed estimators,a simulation study is carried out.To show the applicability of the new model as well as the estimation methods,one real data for failure times of software is analyzed.Based on the empirical parts,we can conclude that the proposed model can be considered as a good model in the field of life testing and reliability analysis compared with other competing models. | Ali Algarni Abdullah M.Almarashi | 2022 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2022，，1： | 0 |
| 5 | Mining the Chatbot Brain to Improve COVID-19 Bot Response Accuracy显示文摘People often communicate with auto-answering tools such as conversational agents due to their 24/7 availability and unbiased responses.However,chatbots are normally designed for specific purposes and areas of experience and cannot answer questions outside their scope.Chatbots employ Natural Language Understanding(NLU)to infer their responses.There is a need for a chatbot that can learn from inquiries and expand its area of experience with time.This chatbot must be able to build profiles representing intended topics in a similar way to the human brain for fast retrieval.This study proposes a methodology to enhance a chatbot’s brain functionality by clustering available knowledge bases on sets of related themes and building representative profiles.We used a COVID-19 information dataset to evaluate the proposed methodology.The pandemic has been accompanied by an“infodemic”of fake news.The chatbot was evaluated by a medical doctor and a public trial of 308 real users.Evaluationswere obtained and statistically analyzed tomeasure effectiveness,efficiency,and satisfaction as described by the ISO9214 standard.The proposed COVID-19 chatbot system relieves doctors from answering questions.Chatbots provide an example of the use of technology to handle an infodemic. | Mukhtar Ghaleb Yahya Almurtadha Fahad Algarni Monir Abdullah Emad Felemban Ali M.Alsharafi Mohamed Othman Khaled Ghilan | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，2： | 0 |
| 6 | Assessment of the carbon abatement and removal opportunities of the Arabian Gulf Countries显示文摘The Arabian Gulf Countries(AGC)are strongly reliant on the economic export of fossil fuels,while being vulnerable to climate change that is resulting in temperature increase,air pollution and sea-level rise,and threatening the health of the population and ecosystem.In agreement with the Paris Accords,most of the AGC have published short-term goals to reduce their carbon emissions in the coming decades.In relation to these goals,this study explores the potential CO_(2)reduction,avoidance and removal in the region,by comparing a business-as-usual(BAU)scenario to three decarbonization scenarios for the power sector.In 2018,the total greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in the AGC were~1333 MtCO_(2)/yr and are expected to rise to 1568 MtCO_(2)/yr in 2030 following a BAU scenario,which is likely to be reduced to 1522 MtCO_(2)/yr in 2030 by following the countries’planning.Countries issued plans for the coming decades that focus on increasing the share of renewable energy in their grid mix.The three decarbonization scenarios presented in this study focus on supply-side technological solutions.The retirement of the oldest natural-gas and oil power plants could lead to a total emissions reduction of~75 MtCO_(2)/yr,without accounting for the embodied carbon emissions associated with renewable energy.In addition,the implementation of point-source capture at power plants expected to retire in>10 years’time could avoid emissions of~240 MtCO_(2)/yr,provided the CO_(2)is permanently sequestered in appropriate geological formations.The region also shows high-quality solar resources and large CO_(2)-storage potential that could couple to direct air-capture plants to offset difficult-to-avoid emissions.This last scenario has the potential to ultimately result in net negative emissions. | Abdulrahman Alatiq Wail Aljedani Abdullah Abussaud Omar Algarni Hélène Pilorgé Jennifer Wilcox | 2021 | Clean Energy2021，5，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Managing Security-Risks for Improving Security-Durability of Institutional Web-Applications: Design Perspective显示文摘The advanced technological need,exacerbated by the flexible time constraints,leads to several more design level unexplored vulnerabilities.Security is an extremely vital component in software development;we must take charge of security and therefore analysis of software security risk assumes utmost significance.In order to handle the cyber-security risk of the web application and protect individuals,information and properties effectively,one must consider what needs to be secured,what are the perceived threats and the protection of assets.Security preparation plans,implements,tracks,updates and consistently develops safety risk management activities.Risk management must be interpreted as the major component for tackling security efficiently.In particular,during application development,security is considered as an add-on but not the main issue.It is important for the researchers to stress on the consideration of protection right from the earlier developmental stages of the software.This approach will help in designing software which can itself combat threats and does not depend on external security programs.Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the impact of security risks during software design.In this paper the researchers have used the hybrid Fuzzy AHPTOPSIS method to evaluate the risks for improving security durability of different Institutional Web Applications.In addition,the e-component of security risk is measured on software durability,and vice versa.The paper’s findings will prove to be valuable for enhancing the security durability of different web applications. | Abdulaziz Attaallah Abdullah Algarni Raees Ahmad Khan | 2021 | Computers, Materials & Continua2021，，2： | 0 |
| 8 | Focal liver lesions found incidentally显示文摘Incidentally found focal liver lesions are a commonfinding and a reason for referral to hepatobiliary service.They are often discovered in patients with history of liver cirrhosis,colorectal cancer,incidentally during work up for abdominal pain or in a trauma setting.Specific points should considered during history taking such as risk factors of liver cirrhosis;hepatitis,alcohol consumption,substance exposure or use of oral con-traceptive pills and metabolic syndromes.Full blood count,liver function test and tumor markers can act as a guide to minimize the differential diagnosis and to categorize the degree of liver disease.Imaging should start with B-mode ultrasound.If available,contrast enhanced ultrasound is a feasible,safe,cost effective option and increases the ability to reach a diagnosis.Contrast enhanced computed tomography should be considered next.It is more accurate in diagnosis and better to study anatomy for possible operation.Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance is the gold standard with the highest sensitivity.If doubt still remains,the options are biopsy or surgical excision. | Abdullah A Algarni Abdullah H Alshuhri Majed M Alonazi Moustafa Mabrouk Mourad Simon R Bramhal | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，9： | 0 |
| 9 | Endoscopic fasciotomy for chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm:Systematic review of outcomes and complications显示文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic fasciotomy of the forearm for chronic exertional compartment syndrome(CECS)has gained popularity recently.AIM To systematically review the literature of endoscopic fasciotomy for CECS of the forearm,aiming to assess the outcomes and complications of the different endoscopic fasciotomy techniques described in the literature.METHODS On January 18,2021,PubMed and EMBASE were searched by 3 reviewers independently,and all relevant studies published up to that date were considered based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria.The subject headings“endoscopic fasciotomy”and“compartment syndrome”and their related key terms were used.The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was used to screen the articles.RESULTS A total of seven studies including 183 patients(355 forearms)were included.The mean age of the patients was 31.2 years(range:15-42 years).The postoperative follow-up duration ranged from 6 wk to 4.9 years.All patients were able to return to sport activities between postoperative weeks 1 to 8.Recurrence of the compartment syndrome occurred in three patients,giving a rate of 1.6%per patient and 0.8%per forearm.The overall complication rate was 8.7%per patient,and 4.5%per forearm.The most common reported complication was hematoma(7 forearms;2.0%).CONCLUSION Endoscopic fasciotomy for CECS of the forearm has favorable short-and midterm outcomes with very low recurrence and complication rates.This,however,needs to be confirmed in larger,long-term follow-up,prospective,comparative studies between open,mini-open and endoscopic fasciotomy techniques. | Yousef Marwan Abdullah Addar Nizar Algarni Nabil Algarni Mark Burman Paul A Martineau | 2021 | World Journal of Orthopedics2021，12，5： | 0 |
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