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3138篇 您的检索式:作者名="Aarons"
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1Role of cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), rep- resents a group of chronic disorders characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, typically with a relapsing and remitting clinical course. Mucosal mac- rophages play an important role in the mucosal im- mune system, and an increase in the number of newly recruited monocytes and activated macrophages has been noted in the inflamed gut of patients with IBD. Activated macrophages are thought to be major con- tributors to the production of inflammatory cytokines in the gut, and imbalance of cytokines is contributing to the pathogenesis of IBD. The intestinal inflammation in IBD is controlled by a complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Cytokines play a key role in IBD that determine T cell differentiation of Th1, Th2, T regulatory and newly described Th17 cells. Cytokines levels in time and space orchestrate the development, recurrence and exacerbation of the inflammatory process in IBD. Therefore, several cyto- kine therapies have been developed and tested for the treatment of IBD patients.Fausto Sanchez-Muoz Aaron Dominguez-Lopez Jesus K Yamamoto-Furusho 2008World Journal of Gastroenterology2008,14,27:78
2评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数显示文摘[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数:缺血性心脏病(IHD)、脑血管疾病(脑卒中)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌(LC)。建立急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染(AAP)、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟(AS)等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应(IER)模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数(PAFs)。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为:IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin Gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes Nigel G.Bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.Gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉 张伊人 金泰廙 2014环境与职业医学2014,31,11:80
3卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用显示文摘[背景]十余年的卫星观测提供了全球细颗粒物(PM2.5)人群暴露趋势和大小的信息。[目的]利用多个卫星的测量值推断的PM:5浓度,建立和改进大气PM2.5质量和趋势的全球暴露评估。[方法]结合3个卫星反演的PM25源数据,得出1998-2012年10km×10km尺度上全球PM2.5估计值。对每一个源数据,通过GEOS—Chem化学物运输模型把气溶胶光学厚度总柱反演与近地面PM2.5联系起来,以表示当地的气溶胶光学性能和垂直廓线。从文献中收集210个全球基于地面的PM2.5观测值,用北美和欧洲之外其他地区的测量值来评估基于卫星的估计值。[结果]1998--2012年,全球人口加权的大气PM25浓度每年增加0.55gg/m3(95%CI:0.43~0.67)(2.1%/年;95%CI:1.6%-2.6%)。尽管在一些发达地区PM2.5减少,但在一些发展中地区PM2.s的增加推动了这一全球性的变化。在东亚,PMzs水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)第一个中期目标35μg/m3的人口比例从1998--2000年的51%上升到2010---2012年的70%。相比之下,北美高于WHO空气质量指南10μg/m3的人口比例,从1998--2000年的62%下降到2010---2012年的19%。北美及欧洲以外地区的卫星反演估计值和地面测量值之间存在关联(r=0.81;n=210;斜率=0.68)。卫星反演的估计值偏低,提示真实的全球浓度可能更高。[结论]卫星观测值提供了大气PM2.5浓度的全球性长期变化的新认识。从这项研究中获得的PM2.5的卫星反演估计值和地面观测值可供公众使用。Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V.Martin Michael Brauer Brian L.Boys 王晓宇 张伊人 金泰廙 2015环境与职业医学2015,32,8:80
4“生活方式”研究综述:一个消费者行为学的视角显示文摘“生活方式”自19世纪60年代被引入消费者行为学研究领域以来,已取代人口统计学方法,成为最重要的市场细分工具之一。本文首先回顾了生活方式市场细分研究的历史,然后针对中国市场的特殊情况,着重介绍了AIO方法的理论和应用,并指出对消费者生活方式的深入研究,是现阶段中国营销人在市场竞争中取胜的关键。Aaron Ahuvia 阳翼 2005商业经济与管理2005,,8:57
5中国大陆肺炎发病率与死亡率:1985-2008年中英文文献的系统分析显示文摘目的肺炎是全球传染性疾病最主要的死因之一,但中国的肺炎疾病负担还知之甚少,因为很多数据资料都是以非英文文献的形式发表的。方法系统回顾了中国大陆关于肺炎发病率与死亡率的中文和英文文献,这些研究都是具有第一手数据的研究,1985-2008年有37篇论文符合纳入标准。结果各项研究的质量差异较大。5岁以下儿童肺炎发病率为(0.06~0.27)次/人年,肺炎死亡率为184/10万~1 223/10万人口。肺炎的发病率与死亡率随着时间稳定不变或者呈下降趋势,且农村高于城市。结论肺炎仍然是中国儿童的主要公共卫生问题之一。肺炎发病率与死亡率估计的变化差异大。继续降低发病率与死亡率需要可靠的监测数据和新的预防措施的实施,特别是在农村等高发地区。官旭华 Benjamin J Silk Wenkai Li Aaron T. Fleishchauer 邢学森 蒋晓清 余宏杰 Sonja J. Olsen Adam L. Cohen 2011公共卫生与预防医学2011,22,1:54
6核心稳定性在人体运动中的作用显示文摘在体育运动中,核心的主要作用是稳定身体、是肌肉发力的基础,这一点日益得到公认。从跑步到投掷等各项体育运动中,稳定的核心是有效发挥人体生物力学功能的关键因素,从而使肌肉发力最大化并最大限度减小关节负荷。我们将核心肌群的功能理解为中枢神经系统预设的程序,这个程序整合局部的、单关节和多个关节上的肌群活动,在保持整体稳定的同时完成体育动作。近端的稳定性是远端灵活性的基础,在这个基础上可以建立从近端向远端的发力模式,并且可以通过肌群的协同作用力在完成远端动作的同时保护远端关节。评估动态核心能力是一项重要任务,其中包括对躯干特定功能和三维运动能力的评估。运动康复训练计划应该包括核心能力的重建,并且应该将核心视为远端肢体运动的基础。W. Ben Kibler Joel Press Aaron Sciascia 周瑾(译) 2008北京体育大学学报2008,31,12:46
7Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase显示文摘Metasurfaces are optically thin metamaterials that promise complete control of the wavefront of light but are primarily used to control only the phase of light.Here,we present an approach,simple in concept and in practice,that uses meta-atoms with a varying degree of form birefringence and rotation angles to create high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces that control both the optical amplitude and phase at one or two frequencies.This opens up applications in computer-generated holography,allowing faithful reproduction of both the phase and amplitude of a target holographic scene without the iterative algorithms required in phase-only holography.We demonstrate all-dielectric metasurface holograms with independent and complete control of the amplitude and phase at up to two optical frequencies simultaneously to generate two-and three-dimensional holographic objects.We show that phaseamplitude metasurfaces enable a few features not attainable in phase-only holography;these include creating artifactfree two-dimensional holographic images,encoding phase and amplitude profiles separately at the object plane,encoding intensity profiles at the metasurface and object planes separately,and controlling the surface textures of three-dimensional holographic objects.Adam C.Overvig Sajan Shrestha Stephanie C.Malek Ming Lu Aaron Stein Changxi Zheng Nanfang Yu 2019Light(Science & Applications)2019,8,1:27
8Ant Colony System Algorithm for Real-Time Globally Optimal Path Planning of Mobile Robots显示文摘为活动机器人计划的即时全球性最佳的路径的一个新奇方法基于蚂蚁殖民地系统(交流) 被建议算法。这个方法包括三步:第一步正在利用 MAKLINK 图理论建立活动机器人的空间模型,第二步正在利用 Dijkstra 算法发现一条非最优的没有碰撞的路径,并且第三步正在利用 ACS 算法优化非最优的路径的地点以便产生全球性最佳的路径。建议方法是有效的并且能在即时路径被使用活动机器人计划的计算机模拟实验表演的结果。建议方法比与优秀人材模型一起基于基因算法计划方法的路径处于集中速度,答案变化,动态集中行为,和计算效率有更好的性能,这被验证了。TAN Guan-Zheng HE Huan SLOMAN Aaron 2007自动化学报2007,33,3:26
9颅内出血患者抗栓药逆转指南美国神经重症监护学会和美国重症医学会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明显示文摘背景抗栓药的使用,包括抗凝药、抗血小板药和溶栓药,在过去10年中日益增多并且预计将继续上升。虽然抗栓药相关性颅内出血可能是灾难性的,但快速逆转凝血功能障碍可能有助于限制血肿增大和改善转归。方法美国神经重症监护学会联合美国重症医学会组建了一个国际性多机构委员会,涉及的专业领域包括神经重症监护、神经内科、神经外科、卒中、血液学、血液病理学、急诊医学、药学、护理和指南制定,目的是进行文献评价并制定一份循证实践指南。该委员会进行了正式的文献检索,并对符合标准的研究进行了评价。结果利用GRADE方法学,委员会提出了在颅内出血情况下逆转维生素K拮抗药、直接Xa因子拮抗药、直接凝血酶抑制药、普通肝素、低分子肝素、类肝素、戊多糖、溶栓药和抗血小板药的推荐意见。结论该指南提供了及时和循证的抗栓药逆转策略以协助临床医生治疗抗栓药相关性颅内出血。Jennifer A. Frontera John J. Lewin Ⅲ Alejandro A. Rabinstein Imo P. Aisiku Anne W. Alexandrov Aaron M. Cook Gregory J. del Zoppo Monisha A. Kumar Ellinor I. B. Peerschke Michael F. Stiefel Jeanne S Teitelbaum Katja E. Wartenberg Cindy L. Zerfoss 杨一萍 谢丽丽 宁小金 季宇腾 柯开富 2016国际脑血管病杂志2016,24,11:24
10Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammation显示文摘Glucagon-like peptide1(GLP-1)is secreted from Langerhans cells in response to oral nutrient intake.Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are a new class of incretin-based anti-diabetic drugs.They function to stimulate insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion.GLP-1-based therapies are now well established in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and recent literature has suggested potential applications of these drugs in the treatment of obesity and for protection against cardiovascular and neurological diseases.As we know,along with change in lifestyles,the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in China is rising more than that of viral hepatitis and alcoholic fatty liver disease,and NAFLD has become the most common chronic liver disease in recent years.Recent studies further suggest that GLP-1RAs can reduce transaminase levels to improve NAFLD by improving blood lipid levels,cutting down the fatcontent to promote fat redistribution,directly decreasing fatty degeneration of the liver,reducing the degree of liver fibrosis and improving inflammation.This review shows the NAFLD-associated effects of GLP-1RAs in animal models and in patients with T2DM or obesity who are participants in clinical trials.Xing-Chun Wang Aaron M Gusdon Huan Liu Shen Qu 2014World Journal of Gastroenterology2014,20,40:23
11Global optimal path planning for mobile robot based onimproved Dijkstra algorithm and ant system algorithm显示文摘A novel method of global optimal path planning for mobile robot was proposed based on the improved Dijkstra algorithm and ant system algorithm. This method includes three steps: the first step is adopting the MAKLINK graph theory to establish the free space model of the mobile robot, the second step is adopting the improved Dijkstra algorithm to find out a sub-optimal collision-free path, and the third step is using the ant system algorithm to adjust and optimize the location of the sub-optimal path so as to generate the global optimal path for the mobile robot. The computer simulation experiment was carried out and the results show that this method is correct and effective. The comparison of the results confirms that the proposed method is better than the hybrid genetic algorithm in the global optimal path planning.谭冠政 贺欢 Aaron Sloman 2006Journal of Central South University of Technology2006,13,1:20
12Critical minimum temperature limits xylogenesis and maintains treelines on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Physiological and ecological mechanisms that define treelines are still debated.It has been suggested that the absence of trees above the treeline is caused by low temperatures that limit growth.Thus,we hypothesized that there is a critical minimum temperature(CTmin) preventing xylogenesis at treeline.We tested this hypothesis by examining weekly xylogenesis across three and four growing seasons in two natural Smith fir(Abies georgei var.smithii) treeline sites on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.Despite differences in the timing of cell differentiation among years,minimum air temperature was the dominant climatic variable associated with xylem growth;the critical minimum temperature(CTmin) for the onset and end of xylogenesis occurred at 0.7 ± 0.4 °C.A process-based modelling chronology of tree-ring formation using this CTminwas consistent with actual tree-ring data.This extremely low CTminpermits Smith fir growing at treeline to complete annual xylem production and maturation and provides both support and a mechanism for treeline formation.Xiaoxia Li Eryuan Liang Jozica Gricar Sergio Rossi Katarina Cufar Aaron M. Ellison 2017Science Bulletin2017,62,11:17
13The role of estradiol in male reproductive function显示文摘传统地,睾丸激素和雌激素被认为分别地是男、女的性荷尔蒙。然而, estradiol,雌激素的占优势的表格,也在男性功能起一个关键作用。在人的 Estradiol 为 modulating 性欲,可勃起的功能,和精子发生是必要的。雌激素受体,以及 aromatase,把睾丸激素变换成雌激素的酶,充满大脑,阴茎,和睾丸,为性功能重要的机关。在大脑, estradiol 合成在与性唤起有关的区域被增加。在阴茎,另外,雌激素受体在神经与血管的捆附近与高集中在整个阴茎海绵体被发现。低睾丸激素和提高的雌激素独立于对方增加可勃起的机能障碍的发生。在睾丸,精子发生被雌激素在每水平调制,以 hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal 轴开始,由 Leydig, Sertoli,和细菌房间列在后面,并且与 ductal 上皮, epididymis,和成熟精子完成。由 estradiol 的阴囊的房间的规定显示出两个一禁止并且 stimulatory 影响,显示剂量依赖者并且时间地的一曲复杂交响乐敏感调整。我们在这评论的目标是阐明到由看荷尔蒙的男性功能的 estradiol 的全面贡献在可勃起的功能,精子发生,和性欲上完成。Michael Schulster Aaron M Bernie Ranjith Ramasamy 2016Asian Journal of Andrology2016,18,3:17
14Application of rare earths in fluid catalytic cracking: A review显示文摘The need for more active and hydrothermally stable fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)catalysts to combat the effect of metal contaminants has led to an increase in demand for rare earth oxides.Rare earth oxides enhance catalyst activity and prevent the loss of acid sites during the FCC unit operation,especially when heavy residue with high metal content is used as feed.In this paper,a review was carried out to show the effects of rare earth elements on the structure,activity,and stability of FCC catalysts.Also,the use of rare earth elements as vanadium traps was analyzed in conjunction with the mechanism of catalyst deactivation by vanadium.The objective was to elucidate the interaction of vanadium species with the zeolite component of the FCC catalysts and the role of rare earth elements in countering the deleterious effects of vanadium on the FCC catalysts.Aaron Akah 2017Journal of Rare Earths2017,35,10:15
15Fast and interpretable classification of small X-ray diffraction datasets using data augmentation and deep neural networks显示文摘X-ray diffraction(XRD)data acquisition and analysis is among the most time-consuming steps in the development cycle of novel thin-film materials.We propose a machine learning-enabled approach to predict crystallographic dimensionality and space group from a limited number of thin-film XRD patterns.We overcome the scarce data problem intrinsic to novel materials development by coupling a supervised machine learning approach with a model-agnostic,physics-informed data augmentation strategy using simulated data from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and experimental data.As a test case,115 thin-film metalhalides spanning three dimensionalities and seven space groups are synthesized and classified.After testing various algorithms,we develop and implement an all convolutional neural network,with cross-validated accuracies for dimensionality and space group classification of 93 and 89%,respectively.We propose average class activation maps,computed from a global average pooling layer,to allow high model interpretability by human experimentalists,elucidating the root causes of misclassification.Finally,we systematically evaluate the maximum XRD pattern step size(data acquisition rate)before loss of predictive accuracy occurs,and determine it to be 0.16°2θ,which enables an XRD pattern to be obtained and classified in 5.5 min or less.Felipe Oviedo Zekun Ren Shijing Sun Charles Settens Zhe Liu Noor Titan Putri Hartono Savitha Ramasamy Brian L.DeCost Siyu I.P.Tian Giuseppe Romano Aaron Gilad Kusne Tonio Buonassisi 2019npj Computational Materials2019,,1:15
16新生儿重症监护室医院获得性血流感染的高危因素分析显示文摘目的探讨新生儿重症监护室(NICU)中医院获得性血流感染(BSI)的危险因素。方法对2005年1月至2006年12月入住华盛顿大学医学院圣路易斯儿童医院NICU的所有新生儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果共有1290例病例符合入选标准。确诊院内获得性BSI175人次,其中导管相关性BSI(CRBSI)109例,占62.3%。每1000个住院日的院内BSI发生率为4.22。Logistic回归分析显示,小胎龄、5min低Apgar评分、中心静脉置管及置管时间是NICU病人发生院内BSI的4个独立危险因素。而对中心静脉置管婴儿而言,机械通气是BSI的独立危险因素。结论导管相关性BSI是院内获得性BSI的主要原因,早产、低Apgar评分及置管时间是导致院内获得性BSI的主要危险因素。田鸾英 Aaron HAMVAS 2010中国当代儿科杂志2010,12,8:14
17Evaluation and management of inherited disorders of surfactant metabolism显示文摘在编码表面活化剂 proteins-B 或-C(SFTPB, SFTPC 的基因由于变化与表面活化剂新陈代谢的继承混乱考察孩子的 pathophysiology ,评估,管理,和结果的目的), ATP 有约束力的盒子成员 A3 ( ABCA3 ),并且甲状腺抄写因素( NKX2.1 ) .Data 来源文学考察,以前的工作从作者并且合作者的实验室,圣路易斯孩子的医院肺在这个领域里移植 Database.Study 选择钥匙文章, autho 诊断与定序相关基因被建立;有电子显微镜学的肺活体检视是有用附属物。为与急性新生的疾病介绍的表面活化剂 protein-B 和 ABCA3 缺乏,治疗选择限于肺移植或同情照顾。因为表面活化剂 protein-C , ABCA3 ,和 NKX2.1 的更长期的演讲联系了疾病,自然历史可变、因此有个性,支持的照顾是适当的,结论继承了表面活化剂新陈代谢的混乱是稀罕的,但是为在新生儿和孩子理解呼吸疾病的机制提供唯一的机会的增进知识的疾病。Aaron Hamvas 2010Chinese Medical Journal2010,,20:14
18Combining computer vision and deep learning to enable ultra-scale aerial phenotyping and precision agriculture:A case study of lettuce production显示文摘Aerial imagery is regularly used by crop researchers,growers and farmers to monitor crops during the growing season.To extract meaningful information from large-scale aerial images collected from the field,high-throughput phenotypic analysis solutions are required,which not only produce high-quality measures of key crop traits,but also support professionals to make prompt and reliable crop management decisions.Here,we report AirSurf,an automated and open-source analytic platform that combines modern computer vision,up-to-date machine learning,and modular software engineering in order to measure yield-related phenotypes from ultra-large aerial imagery.To quantify millions of in-field lettuces acquired by fixed-wing light aircrafts equipped with normalised difference vegetation index(NDVI)sensors,we customised AirSurf by combining computer vision algorithms and a deep-learning classifier trained with over 100,000 labelled lettuce signals.The tailored platform,AirSurf-Lettuce,is capable of scoring and categorising iceberg lettuces with high accuracy(>98%).Furthermore,novel analysis functions have been developed to map lettuce size distribution across the field,based on which associated global positioning system(GPS)tagged harvest regions have been identified to enable growers and farmers to conduct precision agricultural practises in order to improve the actual yield as well as crop marketability before the harvest.Alan Bauer Aaron George Bostrom Joshua Ball Christopher Applegate Tao Cheng Stephen Laycock Sergio Moreno Rojas Jacob Kirwan Ji Zhou 2019Horticulture Research2019,6,1:14
19Broadband achromatic dielectric metalenses显示文摘Metasurfaces offer a unique platform to precisely control optical wavefronts and enable the realization of flat lenses,or metalenses,which have the potential to substantially reduce the size and complexity of imaging systems and to realize new imaging modalities.However,it is a major challenge to create achromatic metalenses that produce a single focal length over a broad wavelength range because of the difficulty in simultaneously engineering phase profiles at distinct wavelengths on a single metasurface.For practical applications,there is a further challenge to create broadband achromatic metalenses that work in the transmission mode for incident light waves with any arbitrary polarization state.We developed a design methodology and created libraries of meta-units—building blocks of metasurfaces—with complex cross-sectional geometries to provide diverse phase dispersions(phase as a function of wavelength),which is crucial for creating broadband achromatic metalenses.We elucidated the fundamental limitations of achromatic metalens performance by deriving mathematical equations that govern the tradeoffs between phase dispersion and achievable lens parameters,including the lens diameter,numerical aperture(NA),and bandwidth of achromatic operation.We experimentally demonstrated several dielectric achromatic metalenses reaching the fundamental limitations.These metalenses work in the transmission mode with polarization-independent focusing efficiencies up to 50%and continuously provide a near-constant focal length over λ=1200–1650 nm.These unprecedented properties represent a major advance compared to the state of the art and a major step toward practical implementations of metalenses.Sajan Shrestha Adam C.Overvig Ming Lu Aaron Stein Nanfang Yu 2018Light(Science & Applications)2018,7,1:13
20铅冶炼污染区小麦籽粒镉含量及低积累品种筛选显示文摘从已有研究看,小麦属于对土壤重金属有较强积累能力的作物,土壤重金属污染区易发生小麦籽粒镉超标现象[1-4]。本研究选择100个小麦品种或品系(其中品种88个,品系为12个),在河南省西北部某铅污染农田中种植,收获后测定籽粒镉含量,以评判河南省铅冶炼污染区小麦籽粒镉积累现状并选出对镉积累程度较低的小麦品种。田间试验于2013年10月到2014年6月间进行。研究区地形为山前平原,海拔约250 m。邢维芹 张红毅 Kirk G.Scheckel 吴龙华 李会勇 Aaron R.Betts 周通 李向东 卢一富 田会阳 李立平 2015农业环境科学学报2015,34,10:13
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