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| 1 | Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and Changes in the Lignin Content and Composition in Plants显示文摘Lignin is a polymer of phenylpropanoid compounds formed through a complex biosynthesis route,represented by a metabolic grid for which most of the genes involved have been sequenced in several plants,mainly in the model-plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus.Plants are exposed to different stresses,which may change lignin content and composition.In many cases,particularly for plant-microbe interactions,this has been suggested as defence responses of plants to the stress.Thus,understanding how a stressor modulates expression of the genes related with lignin biosynthesis may allow us to develop study-models to increase our knowledge on the metabolic control of lignin deposition in the cell wall.This review focuses on recent literature reporting on the main types of abiotic and biotic stresses that alter the biosynthesis of lignin in plants. | Jullyana Cristina Magalhaes Silva Moura Cesar Augusto Valencise Bonine Juliana de Oliveira Fernandes Viana Marcelo Carnier Dornelas Paulo Mazzafera | 2010 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2010，52，4： | 45 |
| 2 | Renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis显示文摘Hepatic fibrosis is considered a common response to many chronic hepatic injuries.It is a multifunctional process that involves several cell types,cytokines,chemokines and growth factors leading to a disruption of homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the liver ecosystem.In spite of many studies regarding the development of fibrosis,the understanding of the pathogenesis remains obscure.The hepatic tissue remodeling process is highly complex,resulting from the balance between collagen degradation and synthesis.Among the many mediators that take part in this process,the components of the Renin angiotensin system(RAS) have progressively assumed an important role.Angiotensin(Ang)□acts as a profibrotic mediator and Ang-(1-7),the newly recognized RAS component,appears to exert a counter-regulatory role in liver tissue.We briefly review the liver fibrosis process and current aspects of the RAS.This review also aims to discuss some experimental evidence regarding the participation of RAS mediators in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis,focusing on the putative role of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. | Regina Maria Pereira Robson Augusto Souza dos Santos Filipi Leles da Costa Dias Mauro Martins Teixeira Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，21： | 37 |
| 3 | Complications of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors:Frequency and risk factors显示文摘Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has become an important option in the therapy of primary and secondary hepatic tumors.Surgical resection is still the best treatment option,but only a few of these patients are candidates for surgery:multilobar disease,insufficient liver reserve that will lead to liver failure after resection,extra-hepatic disease,proximity to major bile ducts and vessels,and co-morbidities.RFA has a low mortality and morbidity rate and is considered to be safe.Thus,complications occur and vary widely in the literature.Complications are caused by thermal damage,direct needle injury,infection and the patient’s co-morbidities.Tumor type,type of approach,number of lesions,tumor localization,underlying hepatic disease,the physician’s experience,associated hepatic resection and lesion size have been described as factors significantly associated with complications.The physician in charge should promptly recognize high-risk patients more susceptible to complications,perform a close post procedure follow-up and manage them early and adequately if they occur.We aim to describe complications from RFA of hepatic tumors and their risk factors,as well as a few techniques to avoid them.This way,others can decrease their morbidity rates with better outcomes. | Alexandre Zanchenko Fonseca Stephanie Santin Luiz Guilherme Lisboa Gomes Jaques Waisberg Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle Ribeiro Jr. | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，3： | 24 |
| 4 | Feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation in patients with chronic liver disease on the waiting list for liver transplantation. METHODS: Ten patients (eight males) with chronic liver disease were enrolled to receive infusion of autologous bone marrow-derived cells. Seven patients were classified as Child-Pugh B and three as Child-Pugh C. Baseline assessment included complete clinical and laboratory evaluation and abdominal MRI. Approximately 50 ml of bone marrow aspirate was prepared by centrifugation in a ficoll-hypaque gradient. At least of 100 millions of mononuclear-enriched BMCs were infused into the hepatic artery using the routine technique for arterial chemoembolization for liver tumors. Patients were followed up for adverse events up to 4 mo. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 52 years (range 24-70 years). All patients were discharged 48 h after BMC infusion. Two patients complained ofmild pain at the bone marrow needle puncture site. No other complications or specific side effects related to the procedure were observed. Bilirubin levels were lower at 1 (2.19 ± 0.9) and 4 mo (2.10 ± 1.0) after cell transplantation that baseline levels (2.78 ± 1.2). Albumin levels 4 mo after BMC infusion (3.73 ± 0.5) were higher than baseline levels (3.47 ± 0.5). International normalized ratio (INR) decreased from 1.48 (SD = 0.23) to 1.43 (SD = 0.23) one month after cell transplantation. CONCLUSION: BMC infusion into hepatic artery of patients with advanced chronic liver disease is safe and feasible. In addition, a decrease in mean serum bilirubin and INR levels and an increase in albumin levels are observed. Our data warrant further studies in order to evaluate the effect of BMC transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. | Andre Castro lyra Milena Botelho Pereira Soares luiz Flavio Maia da Silva Marcos Fraga Fortes André Goyanna Pinheiro Silva Augusto César de Andrade Mota Sheilla A Oliveira Eduardo lorens Braga Wilson Andrade de Carvalho Bernd Genser Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos luiz Guilherme Costa lyra | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，7： | 21 |
| 5 | Management of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis:Focus on portal hypertension显示文摘The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is rising worldwide being currently the fifth most common cancer and third cause of cancer-related mortality.Early detection of HCC through surveillance programs have enabled the identification of small nodules with higher frequency,and nowadays account for 10%-15% of patients diagnosed in the West and almost 30% in Japan.Patients with small HCC can be candidates for potential curative treatments:liver transplantation,surgical resection and percutaneous ablation,depending on the presence of portal hypertension and co-morbidities.This review will analyze recent advancements in the clinical management of these individuals,focusing on issues related to the role of portal hypertension,the debate between resection and ablative therapies and the future impact of molecular technologies. | Virginia Hernandez-Gea Fanny Turon Annalisa Berzigotti Augusto Villanueva | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，8： | 20 |
| 6 | Acute calculous cholecystitis: Review of current best practices显示文摘Acute calculous cholecystitis(ACC) is the most frequent complication of cholelithiasis and represents one-third of all surgical emergency hospital admissions, many aspects of the disease are still a matter of debate. Knowledge of the current evidence may allow the surgical team to develop practical bedside decision-making strategies, aiming at a less demanding procedure and lower frequency of complications. In this regard, recommendations on the diagnosis supported by specific criteria and severity scores are being implemented, to prioritize patients eligible for urgency surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for ACC and the procedure should ideally be performed within 72h. Early surgery is associated with better results in comparison to delayed surgery. In addition, when to suspect associated common bile duct stones and how to treat them when found are still debated. The antimicrobial agents are indicated for high-risk patients and especially in the presence of gallbladder necrosis. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and in some cases with antifungal agents is related to better prognosis. Moreover, an emerging strategy of not converting to open, a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and performing a subtotal cholecystectomy is recommended by adept surgical teams. Some authors support the use of percutaneous cholecystostomy as an alternative emergency treatment for acute Cholecystitis for patients with severe comorbidities. | Carlos Augusto Gomes Cleber Soares Junior Salomone Di Saveiro Massimo Sartelli Michel Denis Kelly Camila Couto Gomes Felipe Couto Gomes Lívia Dornellas Correa Camila Brandao Alves Samuel de Fádel Guimaraes | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2017，9，5： | 18 |
| 7 | Does autologous blood transfusion during liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma increase risk of recurrence?显示文摘AIM: To analyze outcomes in patients who underwent liver transplantation(LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and received autologous intraoperative blood salvage(IBS). METHODS: Consecutive HCC patients who underwent LT were studied retrospectively and analyzed according to the use of IBS or not. Demographic and surgical data were collected from a departmental prospective maintained database. Statistical analyses were performed using the Fisher's exact test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test to examine covariate differences between patients who underwent IBS and those who did not. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were developed to evaluate recurrence and death,and survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2012,158 consecutive patients who underwent LT in the same medical center and by the same surgical team were identified. Among these patients,122(77.2%) were in the IBS group and 36(22.8%) in the non-IBS group. The overall survival(OS) and recurrence free survival(RFS) at 5 years were 59.7% and 83.3%,respectively. No differences in OS(P=0.51) or RFS(P=0.953) were detected between the IBS and non-IBS groups. On multivariate analysis for OS,degree of tumor differentiation remained as the only independent predictor. Regarding patients who received IBS,no differences were detected in OS or RFS(P=0.055 and P=0.512,respectively) according to the volume infused,even when outcomes at 90 d or longer were analyzed separately(P=0.518 for both outcomes).CONCLUSION: No differences in RFS or OS were detected according to IBS use. Trials addressing this question are justified and should be designed to detect small differences in long-term outcomes. | Raphael LC Araujo Carlos Andrés Pantanali Luciana Haddad Joel Avancini Rocha Filho Luiz Augusto Carneiro D’Albuquerque Wellington Andraus | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，2： | 14 |
| 8 | Computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in pancreatic tumor diagnosis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the techniques, results, and complications related to computed tomography(CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions.METHODS: CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions performed at a cancer reference center between January 2012 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Biopsy material was collected with a 16-20 G Tru-Core needle(10-15 cm; Angiotech, Vancouver, CA) using a coaxial system and automatic biopsy gun. When direct access to the lesion was not possible, indirect(transgastric or transhepatic) access or hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection maneuvers were used. Characteristics of the patients, lesions, procedures, and histologic results were recorded using a standardized form. RESULTS: A total of 103 procedures included in the study were performed on patients with a mean age of 64.8 year(range: 39-94 year). The mean size of the pancreatic lesions was 45.5 mm(range: 15-195 mm). Most(75/103, 72.8%) procedures were performed via direct access, though hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection were used in 22.2%(23/103) of cases and indirect transhepatic or transgastric access was used in 4.8%(5/103) of cases. Histologic analysis was performed on all biopsies, and diagnoses were conclusive in 98.1%(101/103) of cases, confirming3.9%(4/103) of tumors were benign and 94.2%(97/103) were malignant; results were atypical in 1.9%(2/103) of cases, requiring a repeat biopsy to diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor, and surgical resection to confirm a primary adenocarcinoma. Only mild/moderate complications were observed in 9/103 patients(8.7%),and they were more commonly associated with biopsies of lesions located in the head/uncinate process(n =8), than of those located in the body/tail(n = 1) of the pancreas, but this difference was not significant.CONCLUSION: CT-guided biopsy of a pancreatic lesion is a safe procedure with a high success rate, and is an excellent option for minimally invasive diagnosis. | Chiang J Tyng Maria Fernanda A Almeida Paula NV Barbosa Almir GV Bitencourt José Augusto AG Berg Macello S Maciel Felipe JF Coimbra Luiz Henrique O Schiavon Maria Dirlei Begnami Marcos D Guimares Charles E Zurstrassen Rubens Chojniak | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，12： | 14 |
| 9 | New Insights into Aluminum Tolerance in Rice: The ASR5 Protein Binds the STAR1 Promoter and Other Aluminum-Responsive Genes显示文摘在植物的铝(艾尔) 毒性是在庄稼生产的主要限制之一。艾尔 3+, 最艾尔的有毒的形式,在酸的条件和原因下面被释放进土壤植物的广泛的损坏, especiallyin 根。在米饭,艾尔忍耐要求 ASR5 基因,而是 ASR5 的分子的功能仍然保持未知。这里,我们执行染色体宽的分析在米饭识别 ASR5-dependentAl-responsive 基因。在植物把 silencing 基于 ASR5_RNAi,全球 transcriptome 分析识别了全部的 of961 对在野类型的米饭根的艾尔处理应答的基因。这些基因, 909 没在 ASR5_RNAiplants 对艾尔作出回应,显示为在 Al 应答的基因表示的 ASR5 的一个中央角色。在正常条件下面,没有艾尔处理, ASR5_RNAi 植物与野类型的植物相比表示了 1.756 基因差别,并且在野类型的植物的 446 这些基因 respondedto 艾尔处理。深定序跟随的染色质 immunoprecipitation 识别了被对他们的倡导者有约束力的 ASR5 直接调整的 104 putativetarget 基因,包括 STAR1 基因,它编码为艾尔忍耐要求的 ABC transporter。有约束力的山峰序列的主题分析为 ASR5 揭示了 thebinding 主题,它在 vitro 被证实经由用 STAR1 倡导者的 DNA 有约束力的试金。这些结果证明 ASR5 充当在 rice.Key 词为 Al 应答的 geneexpression 和艾尔忍耐是必要的一个关键抄写因素: | Rafael Augusto Arenhart Yang Bai Luiz Felipe Valter de Oliveira Lauro Bucker Neto Mariana Schunemann Felipe dos Santos Maraschin Jorge Mariath Adriano Silverio Gilberto Sachetto-Martins Rogerio Margis Zhi-Yong Wang Marcia Margis-Pinheiro | 2014 | Molecular Plant2014，7，4： | 12 |
| 10 | Impact of osteoporosis in dental implants:A systematic review显示文摘AIM: To assess the failure and bone-to-implant contact rate of dental implants placed on osteoporotic subjects. METHODS: Extensive examination strategies were created to classify studies for this systematic review. MEDLINE(via Pub Med) and EMBASE database were examined for studies in English up to and including May 2014. The examination presented a combination of the MeS H words described as follow: 'osteoporosis' or 'osteopenia' or 'estrogen deficiency' AND 'implant' or 'dental implant' or 'osseointegration'. Assessment of clinical and/or histological peri-implant conditions in osteoporosis subjects treated with titanium dental implants. The examination included a combination of the MeS H terms described as follow: 'osteoporosis' or 'osteopenia' or 'estrogen deficiency' AND 'implant' or 'dental implant' or 'osseointegration'.RESULTS: Of 943 potentially eligible articles, 12 were included in the study. A total of 133 subjects with osteoporosis, 73 subjects diagnosed with osteopenia and 708 healthy subjects were assessed in this systematic review. In these subjects were installed 367, 205, 2981 dental implants in osteoporotic, osteopenic and healthy subjects, respectively. The failure rate of dental implant was 10.9% in osteoporotic subjects, 8.29% in osteopenic and 11.43% in healthy ones. Bone-to-implant contact obtained from retrieved implants ranged between 49.96% to 47.84%, for osteoporosis and non-osteoporotic subjects. CONCLUSION: Osteoporotic subjects presented higher rates of implant loss, however, there is a lower evidence to strengthen or refute the hypothesis that osteoporosis may have detrimental effects on bone healing. Consequently, final conclusions regarding the effect of osteoporosis in dental implant therapy cannot be made at this time. There are no randomized clinical trial accessible for evaluation and the retrospectivenature of the evaluated studies shall be taken in account when interpreting this study. | Gabriela Giro Leandro Chambrone Abrao Goldstein Jose Augusto Rodrigues Elton Zenóbio Magda Feres Luciene Cristina Figueiredo Alessandra Cassoni Jamil Awad Shibli | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，2： | 11 |
| 11 | Phase angle obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis independently predicts mortality in patients with cirrhosis显示文摘AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the phase angle(PA)obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) for mortality prediction in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS In total, 134 male cirrhotic patients prospectively completed clinical evaluations and nutritional assessment by BIA to obtain PAs during a 36-mo follow-up period. Mortality risk was analyzed by applying the PA cutoff point recently proposed as a malnutrition marker(PA ≤ 4.9°) in Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups according to the PA cutoff value(PA > 4.9°, n = 73; PA ≤ 4.9°, n = 61). Weight, height, and body mass index were similar in both groups, but patients with PAs > 4.9° were younger and had higher mid-arm muscle circumference, albumin, and handgrip-strength values and lower severe ascites and encephalopathy incidences, interleukin(IL)-6/IL-10 ratios and C-reactive protein levels than did patients with PAs ≤ 4.9°(P ≤ 0.05). Forty-eight(35.80%) patients died due to cirrhosis, with a median of 18 mo(interquartile range, 3.3-25.6 mo) follow-up until death. Thirty-one(64.60%) of these patients were from the PA ≤ 4.9° group. PA ≤ 4.9° significantly and independently affected the mortality model adjusted for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score and age(hazard ratio = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.11-3.77, P = 0.021). In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with PAs ≤ 4.9° were significantly more likely to die. CONCLUSION In male patients with cirrhosis, the PA ≤ 4.9° cutoff was associated independently with mortality and identified patients with worse metabolic, nutritional, and disease progression profiles. The PA may be a useful and reliable bedside tool to evaluate prognosis in cirrhosis. | Giliane Belarmino Maria Cristina Gonzalez Raquel S Torrinhas Priscila Sala Wellington Andraus Luiz Augusto Carneiro D'Albuquerque Rosa Maria R Pereira Valéria F Caparbo Graziela R Ravacci Lucas Damiani Steven B Heymsfield Dan L Waitzberg | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，7： | 11 |
| 12 | Role of mi RNAs and their potential to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer显示文摘Alterations in epigenetic control of gene expression play an important role in many diseases, including gastric cancer. Many studies have identified a large number of upregulated oncogenic mi RNAs and downregulated tumour-suppressor mi RNAs in this type of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of mi RNAs, pointing to their potential to be useful as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. Moreover, we discuss the influence of polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications on mi RNA activity. | Kelly Cristina da Silva Oliveira Taíssa Maíra Thomaz Araújo Camila Inagaki Albuquerque Gabriela Alcantara Barata Carolina Oliveira Gigek Mariana Ferreira Leal Fernanda Wisnieski Fernando Augusto Rodrigues Mello Junior André Salim Khayat Paulo Pimentel de Assumpcao Rommel Mário Rodriguez Burbano Marília Cardoso Smith Danielle Queiroz Calcagno | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，35： | 11 |
| 13 | Relationship between angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin Ⅱ correlates with hemodynamic changes in human liver cirrhosis显示文摘AIM:To measure circulating angiotensins at different stages ofhuman cirrhosis and to further evaluate a possible relationship between renin angiotensin system (RAS) components and hemodynamic changes.METHODS: Patients were allocated into 4 groups: mild-to-moderate liver disease (MLD), advanced liver disease (ALD), patients undergoing liver transplantation, and healthy controls. Blood was collected to determine plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin (Ang) , Ang Ⅱ, and Ang-(1-7) levels using radioimmunoassays. During liver transplantation, hemodynamic parameters were determined and blood was simultaneously obtained from the portal vein and radial artery in order to measure RAS components.RESULTS: PRA and angiotensins were elevated in ALD when compared to MLD and controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, Ang was signicantly reduced in MLD. Ang-(1-7)/Ang Ⅱ ratios were increased in MLD when compared to controls and ALD. During transplantation, Ang Ⅱ levels were lower and Ang-(1-7)/Ang Ⅱ ratios were higher in the splanchnic circulation than in the peripheral circulation (0.52 ± 0.08 vs 0.38 ± 0.04, P < 0.02), whereas the peripheral circulating Ang /Ang ratio was elevated in comparison to splanchnic lev-els (0.18 ± 0.02 vs 0.13 ± 0.02, P < 0.04). Ang-(1-7)/Ang Ⅱ ratios positively correlated with cardiac output (r= 0.66) and negatively correlated with systemic vascular resistance (r =-0.70).CONCLUSION: Our ndings suggest that the relation-ship between Ang-(1-7) and Ang Ⅱmay play a role in the hemodynamic changes ofhuman cirrhosis. | Walkíria Wingester Vilas-Boas Antnio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr Regina Maria Pereira Renata da Cunha Ribeiro Jerusa Almeida Ana Paula Nadu Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva Robson Augusto Souza dos Santos | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，20： | 11 |
| 14 | Pre-and postoperative systemic hemodynamic evaluation in patients subjected to esophagogastric devascularization plus splenectomy and distal splenorenal shunt:A comparative study in schistomomal portal hypertension显示文摘AIM: To investigate the systemic hemodynamic effects of two surgical procedures largely employed for treatment of schistosomal portal hypertension. METHODS: Thirty-six patients undergoing elective surgical treatment of portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis were prospectively evaluated. All patients were subjected to preoperative pulmonary artery catheterization; 17 were submitted to esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy (EGDS) and 19 to distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS). The systemic hemodynamic assessment was repeated 4 d after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Preoperative evaluation revealed (mean ± SD) an increased cardiac index (4.78 ± 1.13 L/min per m2),associated with a reduction in systemic vascular resistance index (1457 ± 380.7 dynes.s/cm5.m2). The mean pulmonary artery pressure (18 ± 5.1 mmHg) as well as the right atrial pressure (7.9 ± 2.5 mmHg) were increased,while the pulmonary vascular resistance index (133 ± 62 dynes.s/cm5.m2) was decreased. Four days after EGDS,a significant reduction in cardiac index (3.80 ± 0.4 L/min per m2,P < 0.001) and increase in systemic vascular resistance index (1901.4 ± 330.2 dynes.s/cm5. m2,P < 0.001) toward normal levels were observed. There was also a significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (12.65 ± 4.7 mmHg,P < 0.001) and no significant changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance index (141.6 ± 102.9 dynes.s/cm5.m2). Four days after DSRS,a non-significant increase in cardiac index (5.2 ± 0.76 L/min per m2) and systemic vascular resistance index (1389 ± 311 dynes.s/cm5.m2) was observed. There was also a non-significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure (19.84 ± 5.2 mmHg),right cardiac work index (1.38 ± 0.4 kg.m/m2) and right ventricular systolic work index (16.3 ± 6.3 g.m/m2),without significant changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance index (139.7 ± 67.8 dynes.s/cm5.m2). CONCLUSION: The hyperdynamic circulatory state observed in mansonic schistosomiasis was corrected by EGDS,but was maintained in patients who underwent DSRS. Similarly,the elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure was corrected after EGDS and maintained after DSRS. EGDS seems to be the most physiologic surgery for patients with schistosomal portal hypertension. | Roberto de Cleva Paulo Herman Luis Augusto Carneiro D’albuquerque Vincenzo Pugliese Orlando Luis Santarem William Abro Saad | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，41： | 9 |
| 15 | Antioxidant properties of glutamine and its role in VEGF-Akt pathways in portal hypertension gastropathy显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of glutamine on oxidative/nitrosative stress and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway in an experimental model of portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). METHODS: Portal hypertension was induced by PPVL. The PPVL model consists of a partial obstruction of the portal vein, performed using a 20 G blunt needle as a guide, which is gently removed after the procedure. PPVL model was performed for 14 d beginning treatment with glutamine on the seventh day. On the fifteenth day, the mesenteric vein pressure was checked and the stomach was removed to test immunoreactivity and oxidative stress markers. We evaluated the expression and the immunoreactivity of proteins involved in the VEGF-Akt-eNOS pathway by Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Oxidative stress was measured by quantification of the cytosolic concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as well as the levels of total glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) production and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. RESULTS: All data are presented as the mean ± SE. The production of TBARS and NO was significantly increased in PPVL animals. A reduction of SOD activity was detected in PPVL + G group. In the immunohistochemical analyses of nitrotyrosine, Akt and eNOS, the PPVL group exhibited significant increases, whereas decreases were observed in the PPVL + G group, but no difference in VEGF was detected between these groups. Western blotting analysis detected increased expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), P-Akt and eNOS in the PPVL group compared with the PPVL + G group, which was not observed for the expression of VEGF when comparing these groups. Glutamine administration markedly alleviated oxidative/nitrosative stress, normalized SOD activity, increased levels of total GSH and blocked NO overproduction as well as the formation of peroxynitrite. CONCLUSION: Glutamine treatment demonstrated to reduce oxidative damage but does not reduce angiogenesis induced by PH in gastric tissue, demonstrating a beneficial role for the PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway. | Camila Marques Francielli Licks Ingrid Zattoni Beatriz Borges Luiz Eduardo Rizzo de Souza Claudio Augusto Marroni Norma Possa Marroni | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，28： | 9 |
| 16 | Measurement uncertainty in pharmaceutical analysis and its application显示文摘The measurement uncertainty provides complete information about an analytical result. This is very important because several decisions of compliance or non-compliance are based on analytical results in pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate and discuss the estimation of uncertainty in pharmaceutical analysis. The uncertainty is a useful tool in the assessment of compliance or non-compliance of in-process and final pharmaceutical products as well as in the assessment of pharmaceutical equivalence and stability study of drug products. | Marcus Augusto Lyrio Traple Alessandro Morais Saviano Fabiane Lacerda Francisco Felipe Rebello Lourencon | 2014 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2014，4，1： | 8 |
| 17 | Role of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas显示文摘Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma is an indolent extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma,originating in acquired MALT that is induced in mucosal barriers as part of a normal adaptive immune response to a chronic immunoinflammatory stimulus,most notably chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).This antigenic stimulation initially leads to lymphoid hyperplasia;the acquisition of additional genetic aberrations culminates in the activation of intracellular survival pathways,with disease progression due to proliferation and resistance to apoptosis,and the emergence of a malignant clone.There are descriptions of MALT lymphomas affecting practically every organ and system,with a marked geographic variability partially attributable to the epidemiology of the underlying risk factors;nevertheless,the digestive system(and predominantly the stomach)is the most frequently involved location,reflecting the gastrointestinal tract’s unique characteristics of contact with foreign antigens,high mucosal permeability,large extension and intrinsic lymphoid system.While early-stage gastric MALT lymphoma can frequently regress after the therapeutic reversal of the chronic immune stimulus through antibiotic eradication of H.pylori infection,the presence of immortalizing genetic abnormalities,of advanced disease or of eradication-refractoriness requires a more aggressive approach which is,presently,not consensual.The fact that MALT lymphomas are rare neoplasms,with a worldwide incidence of 1-1.5 cases per105population,per year,limits the ease of accrual of representative series of patients for robust clinical trials that could sustain informed evidence-based therapeutic decisions to optimize the quality of patient care. | Marta-Isabel Pereira José Augusto Medeiros | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，3： | 8 |
| 18 | Liver transplantation:Fifty years of experience显示文摘Since 1963,when the first human liver transplantation(LT)was performed by Thomas Starzl,the world has witnessed 50 years of development in surgical techniques,immunosuppression,organ allocation,donor selection,and the indications and contraindications for LT.This has led to the mainstream,wellestablished procedure that has saved innumerable lives worldwide.Today,there are hundreds of liver transplant centres in over 80 countries.This review aims to describe the main aspects of LT regarding the progressive changes that have occurred over the years.We herein review historical aspects since the first experimental studies and the first attempts at human transplantation.We also provide an overview of immunosuppressive agents and their potential side effects,the evolution of the indications and contraindications of LT,the evolution of survival according to different time periods,and the evolution of methods of organ allocation. | Alice Tung Wan Song Vivian Iida Avelino-Silva Rafael Antonio Arruda Pecora Vincenzo Pugliese Luiz Augusto Carneiro D'Albuquerque Edson Abdala | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，18： | 8 |
| 19 | Liver transplantation and alcoholic liver disease:History,controversies,and considerations显示文摘Alcohol consumption accounts for 3.8% of annual global mortality worldwide, and the majority of these deaths are due to alcoholic liver disease(ALD), mainly alcoholic cirrhosis. ALD is one of the most common indications for liver transplantation(LT). However, it remains a complicated topic on both medical and ethical grounds, as it is seen by many as a 'self-inflicted disease'. One of the strongest ethical arguments against LT for ALD is the probability of relapse. However, ALD remains a common indication for LT worldwide. For a patient to be placed on an LT waiting list, 6 mo of abstinence must have been achieved for most LT centers. However, this '6-mo rule' is an arbitrary threshold and has never been shown to affect survival, sobriety, or other outcomes. Recent studies have shown similar survival rates among individuals who undergo LT for ALD and those who undergo LT for other chronic causes of end-stage liver disease. There are specific factors that should be addressed when evaluating LT patients with ALD because these patients commonly have a high prevalence of multisystem alcohol-related changes. Risk factors for relapse include the presence of anxiety or depressive disorders, short pre-LT duration of sobriety, and lack of social support. Identification of risk factors and strengthening of the social support system may decrease relapse among these patients. Family counseling for LT candidates is highly encouraged to prevent alcohol consumption relapse. Relapse has been associated with unique histopathological changes, graft damage, graft loss, and even decreased survival in some studies. Research has demonstrated the importance of a multidisciplinary evaluation of LT candidates. Complete abstinence should be attempted to overcome addiction issues and to allow spontaneous liver recovery. Abstinence is the cornerstone of ALD therapy. Psychotherapies, including 12-step facilitation therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement therapy, help support abstinence. Nutritional therapy helps to reverse muscle wasting, weight loss, vitamin deficiencies, and trace element deficiencies associated with ALD. For muscular recovery, supervised physical activity has been shown to lead to a gain in muscle mass and improvement of functional activity. Early LT for acute alcoholic hepatitis has been the subject of recent clinical studies, with encouraging results in highly selected patients. The survival rates after LT for ALD are comparable to those of patients who underwent LT for other indications. Patients that undergo LT for ALD and survive over 5 years have a higher risk of cardiorespiratory disease, cerebrovascular events, and de novo malignancy. | Claudio Augusto Marroni Alfeu de Medeiros Fleck Jr Sabrina Alves Fernandes Lucas Homercher Galant Marcos Mucenic Mario Henrique de Mattos Meine Guilherme Mariante-Neto Ajacio Bandeira de Mello Brandao | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，26： | 7 |
| 20 | Colorectal cancer risk in hamartomatous polyposis syndromes显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world, and approximately 5% of them develop in a context of inherited mutations leading to some form of familial colon cancer syndromes. Recognition and characterization of these patients have contributed to elucidate the genetic basis of CRC. Polyposis Syndromes may be categorized by the predominant histological structure found within the polyps. The aim of the present paper is to review the most important clinical features of the Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes, a rare group of genetic disorders formed by the peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenil polyposis syndrome and PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome(Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalacaba and Cowden Syndromes). A literature search was performed in order to retrieve the most recent and important papers(articles, reviews, clinical cases and clinical guidelines) regarding the studied subject. We searched for terms such as 'hamartomatous polyposis syndromes', 'Peutz-Jeghers syndrome', 'juvenile polyposis syndrome', 'juvenile polyp', and 'PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome'(Cowden syndrome, Bananyan-Riley-Ruvalcaba). The present article reports the wide spectrum of disease severity and extraintestinal manifestations, with a special focus on their potential to develop colorectal and other neoplasia. In the literature, the reported colorectal cancer risk for Juvenile Polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers and PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndromes are 39%-68%, 39%-57% and 18%, respectively. A review regarding cancer surveillance recommendations is also presented. | Fábio Guilherme Campos Marleny Novaes Figueiredo Carlos Augusto Real Martinez | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，3： | 7 |
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