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| 1 | 面向21世纪的卒中新定义:美国心脏病学会和美国卒中学会声明显示文摘尽管脑血管病有着全球性影响且对其病理生理学的认识有了很多进步,但是'卒中'这一术语在临床实践、临床研究或公共卫生评估中的定义却不一致。传统的定义依据于临床,却没有考虑到科学技术的进步。美国心脏协会(AHA)和美国卒中协会(ASA)卒中分会组织了写作小组,为21世纪卒中新定义撰写专家共识性声明。中枢神经系统(CNS)梗死,指由缺血所导致的脑、脊髓或视网膜的细胞死亡,是基于持续性损害的神经病理学、神经影像学和(或)临床证据。CNS梗死表现为一个临床谱:缺血性卒中特指伴有明显症状的CNS梗死,而静息性梗死根据定义指未引起已知的症状的梗死。卒中也还包括脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血。新定义的卒中结合了临床和组织学标准,可被用于实践、研究和公共卫生评估。 | 俞羚 董荃 宋叶平 江静雯 李卉 刘亮贤 苏爱萍 李焰生 Sacco RL Kasner SE Broderick JP Caplan LR Connors JJ Culebras A Elkind MS George MG Hamdan AD Higashida RT Hoh BL Janis LS Kase CS Kleindorfer DO Lee JM Moseley ME Peterson ED Turan TN Valderrama AL Vinters HV | 2013 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2013，10，2： | 188 |
| 2 | The role of whole brain radiation therapy in the management of newly diagnosed brain metastases: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline显示文摘 | Gaspar LE Mehta MP Patchell RA Burri SH Robinson PD Morris RE Ammirati M Andrews DW Asher AL Cobbs CS Kondziolka D Linskey ME Loeffler JS McDermott M Mikkelsen T Olson JJ Paleologos NA Ryken TC Kalkanis SN. | 2010 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2010，8，1： | 98 |
| 3 | 晚新生代岷江下蚀速率及其对青藏高原东缘山脉隆升机制和形成时限的定量约束显示文摘青藏高原东缘具有青藏高原地貌、龙门山高山地貌和山前冲积平原三个一级地貌单元 ,本文以岷江作为切入点 ,研究了该地区河流下蚀速率与山脉的隆升作用之间的相互关系。在建立岷江阶地序列的基础上 ,利用阶地高程和热释光年代学测年资料分别定量计算了岷江在川西高原、龙门山和成都盆地的下蚀速率 ,结果表明岷江各河段的下蚀速率明显不同 ,分别为 1.0 7~ 1.6 1mm / a、1.81m m/ a和 0 .5 9mm / a;在龙门山地区岷江的下蚀速率最高 ,约为川西高原地区的 1.5倍 ,约为成都平原地区的 3倍 ;而同一河段不同时期岷江的下蚀速率基本是连续的 ,具有很好的线性关系 ,可作为该河段整个河谷的下蚀速率。基于龙门山的表面隆升速率 (0 .3~ 0 .4 mm / a) ,在约束局部侵蚀基准面和气候变化对阶地形成的控制作用的基础上 ,本文建立了青藏高原东缘岷江下蚀速率与龙门山表面隆升速率之间的线性关系 ,结果表明河流下蚀速率约为山脉表面隆升速率的 5倍。根据龙门山表面在隆升速率和下切速率等方面均大于川西高原 ,并结合龙门山活动构造以走滑作用为主 ,笔者认为青藏高原东缘的边缘山脉以剥蚀隆升为主 ,兼有构造隆升作用。最后 ,根据岷江最大切割深度所需的时间 (3.4 8Ma)和成都盆地最古老的岷江冲积扇大邑砾岩的时间 (3.6 | 李勇 曹叔尤 周荣军 AL DENSMORE M A ELLIS | 2005 | 地质学报2005，79，1： | 70 |
| 4 | Severe acute pancreatitis: Pathogenetic aspects and prognostic factors显示文摘Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop a severe disease associated with complications and high risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to review pathogenesis and prognostic factors of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). An extensive medline search was undertaken with focusing on pathogenesis, complications and prognostic evaluation of SAP. Cytokines and other inflammatory markers play a major role in the pathogenesis and course of SAP and can be used as prognostic markers in its early phase. Other markers such as simple prognostic scores have been found to be as effective as multifactorial scoring systems (MFSS) at 48 h with the advantage of simplicity, efficacy, low cost, accuracy and early prediction of SAP. Recently, several laboratory markers including hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and serum amyloid A (SAA) have been used as early predictors of severity within the first 24 h. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis and predicting the outcome of SAP. In this review we classified the prognostic markers into predictors of severity, pancreatic necrosis (PN), infected PN (IPN) and mortality. | Ibrahim A Al Mofleh | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，5： | 67 |
| 5 | 头颈癌化疗的Meta分析——93组17346例患者随机实验最新资料显示文摘Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): An update on 93 randomised trials and 17,346 patients. Pignon JP, Maitre AL, Maillard E, et al. Radiother Oncol, 2009 May 14. | Pignon JP Matre AL Maillard E | 2009 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2009，7，4： | 79 |
| 6 | Programmable time-domain digital-coding metasurface for non-linear harmonic manipulation and new wireless communication systems显示文摘Optical non-linear phenomena are typically observed in natural materials interacting with light at high intensities, and they benefit a diverse range of applications from communication to sensing. However,controlling harmonic conversion with high efficiency and flexibility remains a major issue in modern optical and radio-frequency systems. Here, we introduce a dynamic time-domain digital-coding metasurface that enables efficient manipulation of spectral harmonic distribution. By dynamically modulating the local phase of the surface reflectivity, we achieve accurate control of different harmonics in a highly programmable and dynamic fashion, enabling unusual responses, such as velocity illusion. As a relevant application, we propose and realize a novel architecture for wireless communication systems based on the time-domain digital-coding metasurface, which largely simplifies the architecture of modern communication systems, at the same time yielding excellent performance for real-time signal transmission. The presented work, from new concept to new system, opens new pathways in the application of metamaterials to practical technology. | Jie Zhao Xi Yang Jun Yan Dai Qiang Cheng Xiang Li Ning Hua Qi Jun Chen Ke Guo Dong Bai Shuo Liu Shi Jin Andrea Alù Tie Jun Cui | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，2： | 46 |
| 7 | 改进Faster R-CNN的田间苦瓜叶部病害检测显示文摘为实现在自然环境条件下对苦瓜叶部病害的目标检测,该研究提出了一种基于改进的更快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster Region with Convolutional Neural Network Features,Faster R-CNN)的苦瓜叶部病害目标检测方法。Faster R-CNN以残差结构卷积神经网络ResNet-50作为该次试验的特征提取网络,将其所得特征图输入到区域建议网络提取区域建议框,并且结合苦瓜叶部病害尺寸小的特点,对原始的Faster R-CNN进行修改,增加区域建议框的尺寸个数,并在ResNet-50的基础下融入了特征金字塔网络(Feature Pyramid Networks,FPN)。结果表明,该方法训练所得的深度学习网络模型具有良好的鲁棒性,平均精度均值(Mean Average Precision,MAP)值为78.85%;融入特征金字塔网络后,所得模型的平均精度均值为86.39%,提高了7.54%,苦瓜健康叶片、白粉病、灰斑病、蔓枯病、斑点病的平均精确率(Average Precision,AP)分别为89.24%、81.48%、83.31%、88.62%和89.28%,在灰斑病检测精度上比之前可提高了16.56%,每幅图像的检测时间达0.322 s,保证检测的实时性。该方法对复杂的自然环境下的苦瓜叶部病害检测具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的精度,对瓜果类疾病预防有重要的研究意义。 | 李就好 林乐坚 田凯 Al Aasmi Alaa | 2020 | 农业工程学报2020，36，12： | 47 |
| 8 | Effects of heat shock on change of HSC70/HSP68,acid and alkaline phosphatases before and after rat partial hepatectomy显示文摘INTRODUCTIONOnly the liver has the great capability ofregeneration in mammal.Few hepatocytes are inthe phase of division in the normal liver of an adultmammal (including human beings),but theremaining hepatocytes can be induced to proliferatequickly by partial hepatectomy (PH),and,to somedegree,they stop dividing and re-differentiate intocells functioning as hepatocytes.This shows | Lu AL Xu CS | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，5： | 27 |
| 9 | Bartter and Gitelman syndromes:Spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by different mutations显示文摘Bartter and Gitelman syndromes(BS and GS) are inherited disorders resulting in defects in renal tubularhandling of sodium,potassium and chloride.Previously considered as genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneous diseases,recent evidence suggests that they constitute a spectrum of disease caused by different genetic mutations with the molecular defects of chloride reabsorption originating at different sites of the nephron in each condition.Although they share some characteristic metabolic abnormalities such as hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis,hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus with hyperreninemia,hyperaldosteronism,the clinical and laboratory manifestations may not always allow distinction between them.Diuretics tests,measuring the changes in urinary fractional excretion of chloride from baseline after administration of either hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide show very little change(< 2.3%) in the fractional excretion of chloride from baseline in GS when compared with BS,except when BS is associated with KCNJ1 mutations where a good response to both diuretics exists.The diuretic test is not recommended for infants or young children with suspected BS because of a higher risk of volume depletion in such children.Clinical symptoms and biochemical markers of GS and classic form of BS(type III) may overlap and thus genetic analysis may specify the real cause of symptoms.However,although genetic analysis is available,its use remains limited because of limited availability,large gene dimensions,lack of hot-spot mutations,heavy workup time and costs involved.Furthermore,considerable overlap exists between the different genotypes and phenotypes.Although BS and GS usually have distinct presentations and are associated with specific gene mutations,there remains considerable overlap between their phenotypes and genotypes.Thus,they are better described as a spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by different gene mutations. | Amar Al Shibli Hassib Narchi | 2015 | World Journal of Methodology2015，5，2： | 25 |
| 10 | 481例急性早幼粒细胞白血病完全缓解后随访报告显示文摘481例急性早幼粒细胞白血病经全反式维甲酸诱导达完全缓解后,分别接受4种不同的缓解后治疗方案,经随访2~87(中位数25)个月,从Kaplan-Meier生存曲线与生存概率比较,以化疗与维甲酸交替治疗组疗效较好。3年生存概率为0.768±0.062。持续单用维甲酸维持组疗效最差。 | Sun Guanlin Zhou Rongfu Wu Wen et al(The National Cooperarive Group of Leukemia Treatment with ATRA, 200025) | 1994 | 中华血液学杂志1994，15，8： | 24 |
| 11 | 中日竞走运动员高原训练的生理机能及运动能力的研究显示文摘10名世居高原(2260米)的中国竞走运动员和10名居平原(10m)的日本竞走运动员在多巴(2366米),作4周高原训练。高原训练后期与前期、高原与平原相比,观察到有益的代偿性改变。如运动后的恢复心率(1分至1分10秒)下降加快(13次/分降至105次/分);在负荷心率相近条件下,步速加快(3.61m/s增至3.80m/s),无氧阈速度加快(中方,3.01增至3.22;日方,2.78增至3.30m/s);左室功能有改善(SV:日男由85.4→98.1ml;C1:中男由3.10→3.28L/m^2·min);乳酸—速度曲线右移(日男由7.2→5.4mM,中男由6.2→5.6mM);缓冲系统的能力有改善(女子:BE,—4.7→0.2mM;HCO_3,18.6→25.2mM);肺通气功能有所加强(MVV:中方,108.6→113.5L/min,日方,139.8→146.6L/min)。高原训练后,下平原比赛,中日各有8名队员提高了本人最好成绩。 | Li Hua, et al. (Qinghai Institute of Sports Science, Xining, China 810000)J. Aoki, et al(University of Zuntendo, Japan) Sino-Japanese Research Group for Altitude Training | 1995 | 体育科学1995，15，5： | 23 |
| 12 | Giant cavernous liver hemangiomas: is it the time to change the size categories?显示文摘BACKGROUND: Four different sizes(4, 5, 8 and 10 cm in diameter) can be found in the literature to categorize a liver hemangioma as giant. The present review aims to clarify the appropriateness of the size category 'giant' for liver hemangioma.DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the reports on the categorization of hemangioma published between 1970 and 2014. The number of hemangiomas, size criteria, mean and range of hemangioma sizes, and number of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients were investigated in patients aged over 18 years. Liver hemangiomas were divided into four groups: <5.0 cm, 5.0-9.9 cm, 10.0-14.9 cm and ≥15.0 cm in diameter. Inclusion criteria were noted in 34 articles involving 1972(43.0%) hemangiomas(>4.0 cm).RESULTS: The patients were divided into the following groups: 154 patients(30.0%) with hemangiomas less than 5.0 cm in diameter(small), 182(35.5%) between 5.0 cm and 9.9 cm(large), 75(14.6%) between 10.0 and 14.9 cm(giant), and 102(19.9%) more than 15.0 cm(enormous). There were 786(39.9%) asymptomatic patients and 791(40.1%) symptomatic patients. Indications for surgery related to symptoms were reported in only 75(3.8%) patients. Operations including 137 non-anatomical resection(12.9%) and 469 enucleation(44.1%) were unclearly related to size and symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: The term 'giant' seems to be justified for liver hemangiomas with a diameter of 10 cm. Hemangiomas categorized as 'giant' are not indicated for surgery. Surgery should be performed only when other symptoms are apparent. | isidoro di carlo renol koshy saif al mudares annalisa ardiri gaetano bertino adriana toro | 2016 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2016，15，1： | 22 |
| 13 | Toxic tau: structural origins of tau aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease显示文摘Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of the amyloidβin the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular deposition of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles.Most of the Alzheimer’s drugs targeting amyloidβhave been failed in clinical trials.Particularly,tau pathology connects greatly in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.Tau protein enhances the stabilization of microtubules that leads to the appropriate function of the neuron.Changes in the quantity or the conformation of tau protein could affect its function as a microtubules stabilizer and some of the processes wherein it is involved.The molecular mechanisms leading to the accumulation of tau are principally signified by numerous posttranslational modifications that change its conformation and structural state.Therefore,aberrant phosphorylation,as well as truncation of tau protein,has come into focus as significant mechanisms that make tau protein in a pathological entity.Furthermore,the shape-shifting nature of tau advocates to comprehend the progression of Alzheimer’s disease precisely.In this review,we emphasize the recent studies about the toxic and shape-shifting nature of tau in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. | Abdullah Al Mamun Md.Sahab Uddin Bijo Mathew Ghulam Md Ashraf | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，8： | 21 |
| 14 | 外用人α1型基因工程干扰素治疗慢性宫颈炎673例疗效观察显示文摘1988年8月至1989年1月,本协作组使用长春生研所研制成功的二种不同剂量外用人α1型基因工程干扰素1×10~5IU/ml及1×10~6IU/ml治疗慢性宫颈炎673例,在一疗程后总有效率达84.3%及86.6%,较对照组卡那霉素及妇炎灵的66.3%及62.9%为高(P<0.005)。停药6个月后,干扰素治疗组总有效率上升至90.1%及95.7%,疗效仍高于卡那霉素组的69.5%(P<0.05)。对宫颈糜烂病例宫颈局部作拭子标本197份进行HPV—16DNA分子杂交,阳性率达41.6%,其中经干扰素治疗166例,其治疗前后的阳性率分别为41.6%及17.5%,说明干扰素对HPV—16有一定的抑制作用。推测它有可能是一种阻断宫颈癌发生的方法。 | Wang Dawan, et al Beijing Obstetrics and Genecology Hospital, Beijing | 1990 | 中国免疫学杂志1990，6，1： | 17 |
| 15 | Clinical trials on corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema显示文摘Diabetic macular edema(DME)is a common cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients.It is caused by an increase in the permeability of the perifoveal capillaries and a disruption of the blood retinal-barrier.The pathogenesis of DME is multifactorial.Several therapeutic modalities have been proposed for the treatment of DME.Corticosteroid treatments have emerged as an alternative therapy for persistent DME or refractory to conventional laser photocoagulation and other modalities,due to anti-inflammatory,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti-proliferative effects.Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial therapeutic effect of corticosteroids with improvement to both retinal thickness and visual acuity in short-term on the treatment of DME.Peribulbar and intravitreal injections have been used to deliver steroids for DME with frequent injections due to the chronic and recurrent nature of the disease.Steroid-related side effects include elevated intraocular pressure,cataract,and injection related complications such as endophthalmitis,vitreous hemorrhage,and retinal detachment particularly with intravitreal steroid injections.In order to reduce the risks,complications and frequent dosing of intravitreal steroids,intravitreal implants have been developed recently to provide sustained release of corticosteroids and reduce repeated intravitreal injections for the management of DME. | Hassan A Al Dhibi J Fernando Arevalo | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，6： | 17 |
| 16 | 性别和社会发展对中国大学生男性观念的影响显示文摘 | 吴荣先 Ronald F.Levant Al Sellers | 2001 | 心理科学2001，24，3： | 17 |
| 17 | Autologous CD34^+ and CD133^+ stem cells transplantation in patients with end stage liver disease显示文摘AIM:To assess the utility of an autologous CD34 + and CD133 + stem cells infusion as a possible therapeutic modality in patients with end-stage liver diseases.METHODS:One hundred and forty patients with endstage liver diseases were randomized into two groups.Group 1,comprising 90 patients,received granulocyte colony stimulating factor for five days followed by autologous CD34 + and CD133 + stem cell infusion in the portal vein.Group 2,comprising 50 patients,received regular liver treatment only and served as a control group.RESULTS:Near normalization of liver enzymes and improvement in synthetic function were observed in 54.5% of the group 1 patients;13.6% of the patients showed stable states in the infused group.None of the patients in the control group showed improvement.No adverse effects were noted.CONCLUSION:Our data showed that a CD34 + and CD133 + stem cells infusion can be used as supportive treatment for end-stage liver disease with satisfactory tolerability. | Hosny Salama Abdel-Rahman N Zekri Abeer A Bahnassy Eman Medhat Hanan A Halim Ola S Ahmed Ghada Mohamed Sheren A Al Alim Ghada M Sherif | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，42： | 16 |
| 18 | Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau显示文摘Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden. | TANG Keli+1, ZHANG Keli 1,2 and LEI Aling 1,3 1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China 2. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3. Water Resources C | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，5： | 16 |
| 19 | 海枣核CO_2活化和磷酸活化制备活性炭及其结构、吸附性能(英文)显示文摘由于具有很大的吸附容量,多孔炭材料是优良的吸附剂。笔者试图比较海枣核分别经CO2活化和磷酸活化所制活性炭的结构和吸附性能。活化过程和工艺条件对炭的物理化学性质影响较大,根据文献报道的结果选取了优化的工艺参数。基于氮气吸附等温线、SEM、FT-IR等分析结果,评估了活性炭的结构特征,吸附性能则由亚甲蓝吸附值表示。CO2活化得到了微孔活性炭,产率为44%、BET比表面积是666 m2·g-1;磷酸活化得到了产率为14.8%的中孔活性炭,BET比表面积为725 m2·g-1。CO2活化活性炭的平均孔径是1.51 nm,磷酸活化活性炭的则为2.91 nm。活性炭的亚甲蓝吸附等温线分别用Langmuir等温线和Freundlich等温线进行了验证,在优化工艺条件下制备的CO2活化炭和磷酸活化炭的亚甲蓝w单分子吸附容量分别为110 mg·g-1和345 mg·g-1。然而,磷酸活化产生的亚甲蓝吸附值最高达455 mg·g-1。 | K. Suresh Kumar Reddy Ahmed Al Shoaibi C. Srinivasakannan | 2012 | 新型炭材料2012，27，5： | 14 |
| 20 | Accuracy and responses of genomic selection on key traits in apple breeding显示文摘The application of genomic selection in fruit tree crops is expected to enhance breeding eficiency by increasing prediction accuracy,increasing selection intensity and decreasing generation interval.The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of prediction and selection response in commercial apple breeding programmes for key traits.The training population comprised 977 individuals derived from 20 pedigreed fllsib families.Historic phenotypic data were available on 10 traits related to productivity and fruit external appearance and genotypic data for 7829 SNPs obtained with an llumina 20K SNP array.From these data,a genome-wide prediction model was built and subsequently used to calculate genomic breeding values of five application fllsib families.The application families had genotypes at 364 SNPs from a dedicated 512 SNP array,and these genotypic data were extended to the high-density level by imputation.These five families were phenotyped for 1 year and their phenotypes were compared to the predicted breeding values.Accuracy of genomic prediction across the 10 traits reached a maximum value of 0.5 and had a median value of 0.19.The accuracies were strongly affected by the phenotypic distribution and heritability of traits.In the largest family,significant selection response was observed for traits with high heritability and symmetric phenotypic distribution.Traits that showed non-significant response often had reduced and skewed phenotypic variation or low heritability.Among the five application families the accuracies were uncorrelated to the degree of relatedness to the training population.The results underline the potential of genomic prediction to accelerate breeding progress in outbred fruit tree crops that still need to overcome long generation intervals and extensive phenotyping costs. | Hélène Muranty Michela Troggio Inès Ben Sadok Mehdi Al Rifaï Annemarie Auwerkerken Elisa Banchi Riccardo Velasco Piergiorgio Stevanato W.Eric van de Weg Mario Di Guardo Satish Kumar François Laurens Marco C.A.M.Bink | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 14 |
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