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| 1 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Preoperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing liver resection:A prospective randomized trial显示文摘BACKGROUND Preoperative supplementation with immunonutrients, including arginine and n-3 fatty acids, has been shown in a number of systematic reviews to reduce infectious complications in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Limited information, however, is available on the benefits of nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids in patients undergoing liver resection.AIM To evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and immunologic markers and clinical outcome in patients undergoing liver resection.METHODS Thirty-four patients undergoing liver resection were randomized to either five days of preoperative Impact? [1020 kcal/d, immunonutrition(IMN) group], or standard care [no supplementation, standard care(STD) group]. Nutritional status was measured at study entry by subjective global assessment(SGA).Functional assessments(grip strength, fatigue and performance status) were carried out at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and on postoperative day(POD) 7 and 30. Inflammatory and immune markers were measured at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and POD 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 30. Postoperative complications were recorded prospectively until POD30.RESULTS A total of 32 patients(17 IMN and 15 STD) were analysed. All except four patients were SGA class A. The plasma ratio of(eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid) to arachidonic acid was higher in IMN patients on the day prior to surgery and POD 1, 3, 5 and 7(P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin(IL)-6 concentrations were elevated in the IMN group(P = 0.017 for POD7). No treatment effect was detected for functional measures, immune response(white cell count and total lymphocytes) or markers of inflammation(C-reactive protein,tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-10). There were 10 patients with infectious complications in the IMN group and 4 in the STD group(P = 0.087). Median hospital stay was 9(range 4–49) d in the IMN group and 8(3-34) d in the STD group(P = 0.476).CONCLUSION In well-nourished patients undergoing elective liver resection, this study failed to show any benefit of preoperative immunonutrition. | Kylie Russell Han-Guang Zhang Lyn K GillANDers Adam SJR Bartlett Helena L Fisk Philip C Calder Peter J Swan Lindsay D Plank | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in patients with moderate to severe erosive esophagitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the proportion of patients with moderate-severe erosive esophagitis (EE) who will have Barrett's esophagus (BE) after healing of inflammation. METHODS: Patients with EE of Los Angeles (LA) class B, C and D who underwent follow-up endoscopy documenting complete mucosal healing. RESULTS: A total of 86/169 patients were suspected of having BE (38 before healing and 48 after healing of EE) and, 46/86 eventually had the histological confirmation. At index esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD), BE was suspected in 38/169 (22%), and ultimately, histologically confirmed in 20 of these. In 11 patients where biopsies were performed in the presence of inflammation, BE was detected in 2 and missed in 5 (including 2 dysplasias). In 131/169 patients (77.5%), BE was not suspected at index EGD. After healing of EE though, 48 patients had suspicion of BE who underwent biopsies, and in 26 of these histology was positive for BE. The length of inflammation had a linear correlation with the length of BE (P = 0.01). Out of multiple variables to predict BE, only the suspicion at index endoscopy was statistically significant (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: BE was seen in 46/169 (27%) patients with EE of LA class B, C and D. The length of EE can predict the length of underlying BE segment.Even when suspected, BE and associated dysplasia can be missed in the presence of inflammation; therefore, repeat evaluation should be considered after complete healing of esophagitis. | Nooman Gilani Richard D Gerkin Francisco C Ramirez Shahina Hakim Adam C Randolph | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，22： | 2 |
| 4 | Principal component analysis of dissolution data with missing elements显示文摘 | Adams E Walczak B Vervaet C Risha P G Massart D L | 1997 | Chemometrics and intelligent aboratory systems1997，，32： | 2 |
| 5 | Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity显示文摘 | Gabrielsen J Scott Gao Yan Simcox Judith A Huang Jingyu Thorup David Jones Deborah Cooksey Robert C Gabrielsen David Adams Ted D Hunt Steven C Hopkins Paul N Cefalu William T McClain Donald A | 2012 | EN2012，，10： | 2 |
| 6 | The sequence of the human genome显示文摘 | Venter J C Adams M D Myers E W | 2001 | Science2001，291，： | 1 |
| 7 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters: a literature review显示文摘 | Stales C A Peterson D R Parkerton T F Adams W J | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 8 | A Vibration Technique for Non-Destructively Assessing the Integrity of Structures显示文摘 | Adams R D Cawley P Pye C J | 1978 | Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science1978，，20： | 1 |
| 9 | Transient homodynamic effect of recruitment maneuvers in three experimental models of acute lung injury显示文摘 | Lin S C Adams A B Sinonson D A | 2004 | Crit Care Med2004，32，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Short - channel effects and drain - induced barrier lowering in nanometerscale GaAs MESFET's 显示文摘 | James A Adams Thayne I G Wilkinson C D W | 1993 | IEEE Trans Electron Devices1993，40，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Hydroch|orina tion of acetylene using carbon-supported gold cata- lysts:A study of catalyst reactivation显示文摘 | Bongani N Adams M D Neil ] C | 1991 | Journal of Catalysis1991，，37： | 1 |
| 12 | Chromosome 4q25 variants and atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation 显示文摘 | Husser D Adams V Piorkowski C | 2010 | J Am Coll Cardiol2010，55，8： | 1 |
| 13 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters: a literature review 显示文摘 | Stales C A Peterson D R Parkerton T F Adams W J | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of fibre orientation and laminate geometry on the dynamic properties of CFRP显示文摘 | Adams R D Bacon D G C | 1973 | Journal of composite naaterials1973，7，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Analytical models of adhesively bonded joints-Part I:literature survey显示文摘 | da Silva L F M das Neves P J C Adams R D | 2009 | International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives2009，29，3： | 1 |
| 16 | A vibration technique for non - destructive assessing the integrity of structures显示文摘 | Cawley P Pye C J Stone B J | 1978 | Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science1978，20，： | 1 |
| 17 | The sequence of human genome显示文摘 | Venter J C Adams M D Myers E W | 2001 | Science2001，291，5507： | 1 |
| 18 | Genetic transformation and regenera- tion of transgenic buds in Eucalyptus gunnii 显示文摘 | Adam S Chriqui D Caissard J C | 1992 | Biotechnologies ap- pliqaees Aax Arbres Forestiers1992，，53： | 1 |
| 19 | Sediment green- house gases (methane and carbon dioxide) in the Lobo-Broa Reservoir 显示文摘 | Abe D S Adams D D Galli C V S | 2005 | Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Man- agement2005，10，4： | 1 |
| 20 | A vibration technique for non-destructively assessing the integrity of structures显示文摘 | ADAMS R D CAWLEY P PYE C J | | 0，，2： | 1 |
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