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| 1 | Autophagy and tight junction proteins in the intestine and intestinal diseases显示文摘The intestinal epithelium(IE) forms an indispensible barrier and interface between the intestinal interstitium and the luminal environment. The IE regulates water, ion and nutrient transport while providing a barrier against toxins, pathogens(bacteria, fungi and virus) and antigens. The apical intercellular tight junctions(TJ) are responsible for the paracellular barrier function and regulate transepithelial flux of ions and solutes between adjacent cells. Increased intestinal permeability caused by defects in the IE TJ barrier is considered an important pathogenic factor for the development of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea and malnutrition in humans and animals. In fact, defects in the IE TJ barrier allow increased antigenic penetration, resulting in an amplified inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conversely, the beneficial enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier has been shown to resolve intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in both animal models of IBD and human IBD. Autophagy(self-eating mechanism) is an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling pathway essential for cell survival and homeostasis.Dysregulated autophagy has been shown to be directly associated with many pathological processes,including IBD. Importantly, the crosstalk between IE TJ and autophagy has been revealed recently. We showed that autophagy enhanced IE TJ barrier function by increasing transepithelial resistance and reducing the paracellular permeability of small solutes and ions, which is, in part, by targeting claudin-2,a cation-selective, pore-forming, transmembrane TJ protein, for lysosome(autophagy)-mediated degradation. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that the inflamed intestinal mucosa in patients with active IBD has increased claudin-2 expression. In addition, inflammatory cytokines(for example,tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-13, and interleukin-17) whose levels are increased in IBD patients cause an increase in claudin-2 expression and a claudin-2-dependent increase in TJ permeability. Thus, the role of claudin-2 in intestinal pathological processes has been attributed, in part, to the increase of intestinal TJ permeability. Claudin-2 represents a new therapeutic target in treating IBD,diarrhea and malnutrition in animals and humans. | Chien-An A.Hu Yongqing Hou Dan Yi Yinsheng Qiu Guoyao Wu Xiangfeng Kong Yulong Yin | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，3： | 14 |
| 2 | Nano Brazing of Pt-Ag Nanoparticles under Femtosecond Laser Irradiation显示文摘Nano brazing of Pt-Ag nanoparticles with nano Ag filler metal is reported in this letter, which presents an effective way to join nanoobjects by femtosecond laser irradiation. The nano brazed interface between Pt-Ag and Ag showed good lattice matching along(111)_(Ag) //(111)_(Ag-Pt). Lattice mismatch can hardly be observed at the interface between the filler metal and Pt-Ag nanoparticle, which is important for the joint strength and normally does not occur during joining. The very low mismatch also suggested that melting and solidification occurred during nano brazing by femtosecond laser. The role of Brownian motion on the nano joining process is also discussed in this paper. | L.Liu H.Huang A.Hu G.Zou L.Quintino Y.Zhou | 2013 | Nano-Micro Letters2013，5，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Melanoma:Molecular genetics,metastasis,targeted therapies,immunotherapies,and therapeutic resistance显示文摘Cutaneous melanoma is a common cancer and cases have steadily increased since the mid 70s.For some patients,early diagnosis and surgical removal of melanomas is lifesaving,while other patients typically turn to molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies as treatment options.Easy sampling of melanomas allows the scientific community to identify the most prevalent mutations that initiate melanoma such as the BRAF,NRAS,and TERT genes,some of which can be therapeutically targeted.Though initially effective,many tumors acquire resistance to the targeted therapies demonstrating the need to investigate compensatory pathways.Immunotherapies represent an alternative to molecular targeted therapies.However,inter-tumoral immune cell populations dictate initial therapeutic response and even tumors that responded to treatment develop resistance in the long term.As the protocol for combination therapies develop,so will our scientific understanding of the many pathways at play in the progression of melanoma.The future direction of the field may be to find a molecule that connects all of the pathways.Meanwhile,noncoding RNAs have been shown to play important roles in melanoma development and progression.Studying noncoding RNAs may help us to understand how resistance e both primary and acquired e develops;ultimately allow us to harness the true potential of current therapies.This review will cover the basic structure of the skin,the mutations and pathways responsible for transforming melanocytes into melanomas,the process by which melanomas metastasize,targeted therapeutics,and the potential that noncoding RNAs have as a prognostic and treatment tool. | William Wagstaff Rimel N.Mwamba Karina Grullon Mikhayla Armstrong Piao Zhao Bryce Hendren-Santiago Kevin H.Qin Alexander J.Li Daniel A.Hu Andrew Youssef Russell R.Reid Hue H.Luu Le Shen Tong-Chuan He Rex C.Haydon | 2022 | Genes & Diseases2022，9，6： | 2 |
| 4 | Owner-ship,Performance,and Innovation in China's Large-and-Medium-size Industrial Enterprise Sector显示文摘 | Jefferson G A.Hu X.Guan X.Yu | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 5 | R&D and technology transfer:Firm-level Evidence form Chinese Industry显示文摘 | A.Hu G. Jefferson Guan X Qian J | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 6 | SATB2:A versatile transcriptional regulator of craniofacial and skeleton development,neurogenesis and tumorigenesis,and its applications in regenerative medicine显示文摘SATB2(special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2)is a member of the special AT-rich binding protein family.As a transcription regulator,SATB2 mainly integrates higher-order chromatin organization.SATB2 expression appears to be tissue-and stage-specific,and is governed by several cellular signaling molecules and mediators.Expressed in branchial arches and osteoblast-lineage cells,SATB2 plays a significant role in craniofacial pattern and skeleton development.In addition to regulating osteogenic differentiation,SATB2 also displays versatile functions in neural development and cancer progression.As an osteoinductive factor,SATB2 holds great promise in improving bone regeneration toward bone defect repair.In this review,we have summarized our current understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of SATB2 in craniofacial and skeleton development,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis and regenerative medicine. | Xia Huang Qiuman Chen Wenping Luo Mikhail Pakvasa Yuxin Zhang Liwen Zheng Shuang Li Zhuohui Yang Huan Zeng Fang Liang Fugui Zhang Daniel A.Hu Kevin H.Qin Eric J.Wang David S.Qin Russell R.Reid Tong-Chuan He Aravind Athiviraham Mostafa El Dafrawy Hongmei Zhang | 2022 | Genes & Diseases2022，9，1： | 0 |
| 7 | Different conformational responses of theβ_(2)-adrenergic receptor-Gs complex upon binding of the partial agonist salbutamol or the full agonist isoprenaline显示文摘G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are responsible for most cytoplasmic signaling in response to extracellular ligands with different efficacy profiles.Various spectroscopic techniques have identified that agonists exhibiting varying efficacies can selectively stabilize a specific conformation of the receptor.However,the structural basis for activation of the GPCR-G protein complex by ligands with different efficacies is incompletely understood.To better understand the structural basis underlying the mechanisms by which ligands with varying efficacies differentially regulate the conformations of receptors and G proteins,we determined the structures ofβ_(2)AR-Gαsβγbound with partial agonist salbutamol or bound with full agonist isoprenaline using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy at resolutions of 3.26?A and3.80?A,respectively.Structural comparisons between theβ_(2)AR-Gs-salbutamol andβ_(2)AR-Gs-isoprenaline complexes demonstrated that the decreased binding affinity and efficacy of salbutamol compared with those of isoprenaline might be attributed to weakened hydrogen bonding interactions,attenuated hydrophobic interactions in the orthosteric binding pocket and different conformational changes in the rotamer toggle switch in TM6.Moreover,the observed stronger interactions between the intracellular loop 2 or 3(ICL2 or ICL3)ofβ_(2)AR and Gαswith binding of salbutamol versus isoprenaline might decrease phosphorylation in the salbutamol-activatedβ_(2)AR-Gs complex.From the observed structural differences between these complexes ofβ_(2)AR,a mechanism ofβ_(2)AR activation by partial and full agonists is proposed to provide structural insights intoβ_(2)AR desensitization. | Fan Yang Shenglong Ling Yingxin Zhou Yanan Zhang Pei Lv Sanling Liu Wei Fang Wenjing Sun Liaoyuan A.Hu Longhua Zhang Pan Shi Changlin Tian | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，9： | 0 |
| 8 | Formation,characteristics and control of sludge in Al-containing magnesium alloys:An overview显示文摘Sludge consisting of heavy element phases and oxides is often generated during the casting operation of aluminum(Al)and magnesium(Mg)alloys.With the help of the well-established Sludge Factor(SF)formula,it is relatively easy to control the sludge generation in aluminum alloys.But formation mechanisms and characteristics of sludge in die casting magnesium alloys are still unclear.To ensure the production of high quality die cast components at a low cost,a full understanding of sludge in die casting Mg alloys and its proper control measures need to be developed,since excessive sludge formation affects deleteriously material and operation cost,and casting performance.In the present report,the formation,characteristics and control of Mg die-casting sludge,based on the established knowledge of sludge formation and sludge factor in Al die casting alloys,are reviewed.Previous work on characterization and assessment of sludge in die cast Mg alloys are reviewed.Metallurgical principles for control of sludge in ingot production in association with die casting of Mg alloys are discussed.Rapid assessment of Mg oxide and intermetallics relevant to sludge formation in Mg alloys are highlighted. | Y.Fu G.G.Wang A.Hu Y.Li K.B.Thacker J.P.Weiler H.Hu | 2022 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2022，10，3： | 0 |
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