| 2 | Snail Hosts of Paragonimus in Asia and the Americas显示文摘We have undertaken a comprehensive review of snail hosts of Paragonimus world-wide exclusive of Africa based on modern malacological data, where available, and with consideration of the phylogeny of the snail groups involved. This is the first comprehensive review since those made by Chen (1979) and Chen et al (1983), and there have been considerable taxonomic changes over the past decade. A number of names and concepts found in the medical malacological and parasitological literature up to the present time require revision or correction. There are vast radiations of snails of the superfamilies Cerithiacea and Rissoacea involved in the transmission of Paragonimus in China. We list 54 species world-wide of which 35(65%) occur in China. Revisions and corrections pertaining to China include: (i) The family Hydrobiidae does not occur in China or S.E. Asia,and the Pomatiopsidae should be used. (ii) The genus Bythinella is entirely European (Hydrobiidae: Amnicolinae). The so-called Bythinella of China belongs to the genus Erhaia (Pomatiopsidae). (iii) The generic name Pseudobythinella described from China is preoccupied, a junior synonym of Pseudobythinella Melville 1956, a fossil from England. All Chinese Pseudobythinella are now classified as Erhaia. (iv) Akiyoshia has been used as a generic name for some snails in Hunan transmitting Paragonimus. Akiyoshia is from Japan and biological/ecological data indicate that the Chinese taxon is not Akiyoshia. (v)The genus Tricula in recent Chinese literature is comprised of four genera determined by detailed comparative anatomical data: Tricula, Neotricula, Gammatricula, and Jinhongia.Shells cannot be used to discriminate among them. (vi) Tricula cristella has been consistently misidentified in collections in China and literature. However, genuine T cristella does transmit Paragonimus skrjabini. (vii) Tricula minutoides in the Chinese literature has been misidentified, and specimens are T. crisIella. (viii) The genus Melamia and the family Melaniidae are used in the Chinese literature. The so-called melaniid snails belong to the families Thiaridae, Pleuroceridae, and Melanopsidae. Asian Semisulcospira is pleurocerid while Melanoides and Tarebia are thiarid. (ix) Semisulcospira libertina is correctly identified for populations ranging throughout Japan to Taiwan. This species is most probably not distributed throughout all south China, and intense systematic research on Semisulcospira is needed. A modern classification is given for snails transmitting | G. M. DAVIS CHEN CUI-E KANG ZAI-BIN AND LIU YUE-YING(Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA Institute of Parasitology,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province,China | 1994 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1994，7，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Hematological Parameters in Bufo arenarum Injected With Sublethal Dose of Lead Acetate显示文摘Lead has been recognized as a high risk toxic for most organisms including human. The effects of Pb in non-mammalian vertebrates are oprly known, particularly in anuran amphibians. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of this metal on some hematological parameters of adult Bufo arenarum. It was found that all parameters remained unaltered within normal ranges, with the exception of reticulocyte counts which was significantly increased compared to the in controls (3. 7% vs. 0. 2 % ). It is suggested that the selective change found in reticulocyte count might be considered as an early response of a biomarker to sublethal exposition of Bufo arenarum to lead. | S. I. PERi N. E. FINK AND A. SALIBIAN(Catedra de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales,Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Paseo del Bosque,1900 La Plata, Argentina Chtedra de Hematologia)(Deportamento de Ciencias Bioldgices , Faculta | 1998 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1998，11，1： | 1 |
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