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| 1 | Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy,diabetic macular edema and related vision loss显示文摘Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a leading cause of vision-loss globally.Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide,approximately one third have signs of DR and of these,a further one third of DR is vision-threatening DR,including diabetic macular edema(DME).The identification of established modifiable risk factors for DR such as hyperglycemia and hypertension has provided the basis for risk factor control in preventing onset and progression of DR.Additional research investigating novel risk factors has improved our understanding of multiple biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DR and DME,especially those involved in inflammation and oxidative stress.Variations in DR prevalence between populations have also sparked interest in genetic studies to identify loci associated with disease susceptibility.In this review,major trends in the prevalence,incidence,progression and regression of DR and DME are explored,and gaps in literature identified.Established and novel risk factors are also extensively reviewed with a focus on landmark studies and updates from the recent literature. | Ryan Lee Tien YWong Charumathi Sabanayagam | 2015 | Eye and Vision2015，2，1： | 75 |
| 2 | Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints显示文摘 | David G. Lowe | 2004 | International Journal of Computer Vision2004，，2： | 42 |
| 3 | Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors显示文摘Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 years old.Genetic,epidemiological,and molecular studies are beginning to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying this complex disease,which implicate the lipid-cholesterol pathway in the pathophysiology of disease development and progression.Many of the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with AMD are also associated with other complex degenerative diseases of advanced age,including cardiovascular disease(CVD).In this review,we present epidemiological findings associating AMD with a variety of lipid pathway genes,cardiovascular phenotypes,and relevant environmental exposures.Despite a number of studies showing significant associations between AMD and these lipid/cardiovascular factors,results have been mixed and as such the relationships among these factors and AMD remain controversial.It is imperative that researchers not only tease out the various contributions of such factors to AMD development but also the connections between AMD and CVD to develop optimal precision medical care for aging adults. | Katie L.Pennington Margaret M.DeAngelis | 2016 | Eye and Vision2016，3，1： | 22 |
| 4 | Efficacy,predictability and safety of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)显示文摘Background:The purpose of this case series is to report the one-year outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)using the VisuMax®femtosecond laser.Methods:Two hundred and six patients were recruited for this retrospective,single center study at TRSC International LASIK Center in Bangkok,Thailand.Patients underwent SMILE,whereby an intrastromal lenticule was cut using a femtosecond laser and then manually extracted without the need for flap creation.Outcome measures included refraction,visual acuity and contrast sensitivity evaluation.Patients were treated and followed for one year.Results:SMILE for the correction of low to high myopia was performed on 347 eyes of 206 patients.The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was−4.96±1.88 diopters(D).On the first day following surgery,for eyes with a plano target refraction(99.14%of all eyes),uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)was 20/20 or better in 90%of eyes.At the one week postoperative exam,the mean spherical equivalent was 0.01±0.36 D and UDVA was 20/20 or better in 84%of eyes.After one year follow-up,no eyes showed loss of 2 or more lines of visual acuity and 31%of eyes gained one or more lines.The photopic contrast sensitivity of SMILE treated eyes at 12 and 18 cycles per degree(cpd)improved from 1.59 and 0.94 preoperatively to 1.6 and 0.98,respectively,after one year.Conclusions:In this series,SMILE using the VisuMax®femtosecond laser demonstrated that after one year it is an effective,predictable and safe minimally invasive corneal refractive procedure. | Ekktet Chansue Morakot Tanehsakdi Sukanda Swasdibutra Colm McAlinden | 2015 | Eye and Vision2015，2，1： | 16 |
| 5 | Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF)显示文摘 | Herbert Bay Andreas Ess Tinne Tuytelaars Luc Van Gool | 2007 | Computer Vision and Image Understanding2007，，3： | 14 |
| 6 | Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints显示文摘 | David G. Lowe | 2004 | International Journal of Computer Vision2004，，2： | 13 |
| 7 | Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) history, fundamentals of a new refractive surgery technique and clinical outcomes显示文摘This review summarizes the current status of the small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)procedure.Following the early work by Sekundo et al.and Shah et al.,SMILE has become increasingly popular.The accuracy of the creation of the lenticule with the VisuMax femtosecond laser(Carl Zeiss Meditec)has been verified using very high-frequency(VHF)digital ultrasound and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Visual and refractive outcomes have been shown to be similar to those achieved with laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),notably in a large population reported by Hjortdal,Vestergaard et al.Safety in terms of the change in corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)has also been shown to be similar to LASIK.It was expected that there would be less postoperative dry eye after SMILE compared to LASIK because the anterior stroma is disturbed only by the small incision,meaning that the anterior corneal nerves should be less affected.A number of studies have demonstrated a lower reduction and faster recovery of corneal sensation after SMILE than LASIK.Some studies have also used confocal microscopy to demonstrate a lower decrease in subbasal nerve fiber density after SMILE than LASIK.The potential biomechanical advantages of SMILE have been modeled by Reinstein et al.based on the non-linearity of tensile strength through the stroma.Studies have reported a similar change in Ocular Response Analyzer(Reichert)parameters after SMILE and LASIK,however,these have previously been shown to be unreliable as a representation of corneal biomechanics.Retreatment options after SMILE are discussed.Tissue addition applications of the SMILE procedure are also discussed including the potential for cryo-preservation of the lenticule for later reimplantation(Mohamed-Noriega,Angunawela,Lim et al.),and a new procedure referred to as endokeratophakia in which a myopic SMILE lenticule is implanted into a hyperopic patient(Pradhan et al.).Finally,studies reporting microdistortions in Bowman’s layer and corneal wound healing responses are also described. | Dan Z Reinstein Timothy J Archer Marine Gobbe | 2014 | Eye and Vision2014，1，1： | 12 |
| 8 | Effect of IOP based infusion system with and without balanced phaco tip on cumulative dissipated energy and estimated fluid usage in comparison to gravity fed infusion in torsional phacoemulsification显示文摘Background:To evaluate the effect of three different combinations of tip designs and infusion systems in torsional phacoemulsification(INFINITI and CENTURION)in patients with cataract.According to the manufacturer,two unique improvements in the Centurion are:active fluid dynamic management system and use of an intrepid balanced tip.The study specifically aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects,if any,of change in tip design and infusion system individually and in combination on both per-operative parameters as well as endothelial health over 6 months.Methods:One hundred and twenty six consenting patients of grade 4.0-6.9 senile cataract were randomized into three groups for phacoemulsification:Group A(n=42):Gravity fed infusion system and 45° Kelman miniflared ABS phaco tip;Group B(n=42):intraocular pressure(IOP)based infusion system and 45° Kelman miniflared ABS phaco tip;Group C(n=42):IOP based infusion system and 45° Intrepid balanced phaco tip.The cumulative dissipated energy(CDE),estimated fluid usage(EFU)and total aspiration time(TAT)were compared peroperatively.The endothelial parameters were followed up postoperatively for six months.Results:The three arms were matched for age(p=0.525),gender(p=0.96)and grade of cataract(p=0.177).Group C was associated with significant reductions in CDE(p=0.001),EFU(p<0.0005)as well as TAT(p=0.001)in comparison to the other groups.All three groups had comparable baseline endothelial cell density(p=0.876)and central corneal thickness(p=0.561).On post-operative evaluation,although all groups were comparable till 3 months,by 6 months,the percentage losses in endothelial cell density were significantly lower in group C as compared to the other groups.Conclusions:Use of an IOP based phacoemulsification system in association with use of the Intrepid balanced tip reduces the CDE,EFU and TAT in comparison to a gravity fed system with a mini flared tip or IOP based system with a mini flared tip while also providing better endothelial preservation thus favouring the use of an IOP fed system with a balanced tip. | Praveen K.Malik Taru Dewan Arun Kr Patidar Ekta Sain | 2017 | Eye and Vision2017，4，1： | 11 |
| 9 | Comparison of clinical outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted versus conventional phacoemulsification显示文摘Background:To compare femtosecond laser-assisted versus conventional phacoemulsification in terms of visual and refractive outcomes,cumulative dissipated energy,anterior chamber inflammation and endothelial cell loss.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,records of eyes that underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)or conventional phacoemulsification(CP)were reviewed.The Victus femtosecond laser(Bausch and Lomb,Germany)was used to carry out corneal incisions,anterior capsulotomy,and lens fragmentation in FLACS procedures.Manifest refraction spherical equivalence(MRSE),uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),cumulative dissipated energy(CDE),postoperative cells and flare and endothelial cell count data were collected.Subgroup analysis of the visual acuity tests was performed based on the type of intraocular lens implanted(monofocal,monofocal toric,multifocal,multifocal toric,accommodating).Results:A total of 735 eyes were included in the study(296 eyes for the FLACS group and 439 eyes for the CP group).At one year follow-up,120 eyes comprised the FLACS group and 265 eyes for the CP group.MRSE in the FLACS group was−0.16±0.58 D and−0.20±0.52 D in the CP group(P=0.50).UDVA in the FLACS group was 20/25(mean logMAR 0.12±0.13)and 20/25(mean logMAR 0.11±0.13)in the CP group(P=0.48).CDVA was 20/20(mean logMAR 0.03±0.07)in the FLACS group and 20/20(mean logMAR 0.02±0.06)in the CP group(P=0.15).No statistically significant trend was seen for FLACS versus CP by intraocular type for visual acuity.CDE for the different cataract grades ranged from 6.97±5.74 to 29.02±16.07 in the FLACS group and 7.59±6.42 to 35.69±18.30 in the CP group.The FLACS group was significantly lower for post-operative central corneal edema(P=0.05),cells and flare(P=0.01),and endothelial cell loss(P=0.04).Conclusions:Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification had similar refractive and visual outcomes.Phacoemulsification energy,anterior chamber inflammation and corneal endothelial cell loss were less in the femtosecond laser group. | Robert Edward Ty Ang Michelle Marie Salcedo Quinto Emerson Marquez Cruz Mark Christian Reyes Rivera Gladness Henna Austria Martinez | 2018 | Eye and Vision2018，5，1： | 10 |
| 10 | Intraocular lens power calculation in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery显示文摘Background:This review aims to explain the reasons why intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation is challenging in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery and what solutions are currently available to obtain more accurate results.Review:After IOL implantation in eyes with previous LASIK,PRK or RK,a refractive surprise can occur because (i)the altered ratio between the anterior and posterior corneal surface makes the keratometric index invalid;(ii)the corneal curvature radius is measured out of the optical zone;and (iii)the effective lens position is erroneously predicted if such a prediction is based on the post-refractive surgery corneal curvature.Different methods are currently available to obtain the best refractive outcomes in these eyes,even when the perioperative data(i.e.preoperative corneal power and surgically induced refractive change)are not known.In this review,we describe the most accurate methods based on our clinical studies.Conclusions:IOL power calculation after myopic corneal refractive surgery can be calculated with a variety of methods that lead to relatively accurate outcomes,with 60 to 70%of eyes showing a prediction error within 0.50 diopters. | Giacomo Savini Kenneth J.Hoffer | 2018 | Eye and Vision2018，5，1： | 10 |
| 11 | Optical coherence tomography angiography for the anterior segment显示文摘Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is a rapid and non-invasive technique for imaging vasculature in the eye.As OCTA can produce high-resolution cross-sectional images and allow depth-resolved analysis for accurate localization of pathology of interest,it has become a promising method for anterior segment imaging.Furthermore,OCTA offers a more patient-friendly alternative to the conventional invasive dye-based fluorescent angiography.However,conventional OCTA systems are typically designed and optimized for the posterior segment of the eye,and thus using OCTA for anterior segment imaging can present several difficulties and limitations.In this review,we summarized the recent developments and clinical applications in anterior segment OCTA(AS-OCTA)imaging,such as for the cornea,iris,sclera and conjunctiva.We also compared commercially available OCTA systems,discussed the limitations of adapting current OCTA technology for the anterior segment imaging,and proposed possible future directions for AS-OCTA systems.AS-OCTA provides potential for future clinical applications such as diagnosis of corneal and iris pathologies,pre-operative surgical planning,assessment of new antiangiogenic therapeutics or evaluation of limbal stem cell deficiency.With further development,OCTA for anterior segment imaging in the clinics may become common in the near future. | Wen Di Lee Kavya Devarajan Jacqueline Chua Leopold Schmetterer Jodhbir S.Mehta Marcus Ang | 2019 | Eye and Vision2019，6，1： | 9 |
| 12 | The evolution of corneal and refractive surgery with the femtosecond laser显示文摘The use of femtosecond lasers has created an evolution in modern corneal and refractive surgery.With accuracy,safety,and repeatability,eye surgeons can utilize the femtosecond laser in almost all anterior refractive procedures;laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE),penetrating keratoplasty(PKP),insertion of intracorneal ring segments,anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty(Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)and Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty(DSEK)),insertion of corneal inlays and cataract surgery.As the technology matures,it will push surgical limits and open new avenues for ophthalmic intervention in areas not yet explored.As we witness the transition from femto-LASIK to femto-cataract surgery it becomes obvious that this innovation is here to stay.This article presents some of the most relevant advances of femtosecond lasers to modern corneal and refractive surgery. | Antonis Aristeidou Elise V.Taniguchi Michael Tsatsos Rodrigo Muller Colm McAlinden Roberto Pineda Eleftherios I.Paschalis | 2015 | Eye and Vision2015，2，1： | 9 |
| 13 | Snakes: Active contour models显示文摘 | Michael Kass Andrew Witkin Demetri Terzopoulos | 1988 | International Journal of Computer Vision1988，，4： | 9 |
| 14 | Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy:pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets显示文摘Diabetic retinopathy(DR),one of the common complications of diabetes,is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age individuals in many industrialized countries.It has been traditionally regarded as a purely microvascular disease in the retina.However,an increasing number of studies have shown that DR is a complex neurovascular disorder that affects not only vascular structure but also neural tissue of the retina.Deterioration of neural retina could precede microvascular abnormalities in the DR,leading to microvascular changes.Furthermore,disruption of interactions among neurons,vascular cells,glia and local immune cells,which collectively form the neurovascular unit,is considered to be associated with the progression of DR early on in the disease.Therefore,it makes sense to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse retinal neurodegeneration,neuroinflammation and impaired cell-cell interactions of the neurovascular unit in early stage DR.Here,we present current perspectives on the pathophysiology of DR as a neurovascular disease,especially at the early stage.Potential novel treatments for preventing or reversing neurovascular injuries in DR are discussed as well. | Shen Nian Amy C.Y.Lo Yajing Mi Kai Ren Di Yang | 2021 | Eye and Vision2021，8，1： | 9 |
| 15 | Small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in the correction of myopic astigmatism:outcomes and limitations-an update显示文摘Small Incision Lenticule Extraction(SMILE)is a flap-free intrastromal technique for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism.To date,this technique lacks automated centration and cyclotorsion control,so several concerns have been raised regarding its capability to correct moderate or high levels of astigmatism.The objective of this paper is to review the reported SMILE outcomes for the correction of myopic astigmatism associated with a cylinder over 0.75 D,and its comparison with the outcomes reported with the excimer laser-based corneal refractive surgery techniques.A total of five studies clearly reporting SMILE astigmatic outcomes were identified.SMILE shows acceptable outcomes for the correction of myopic astigmatism,although a general agreement exists about the superiority of the excimer laser-based techniques for low to moderate levels of astigmatism.Manual correction of the static cyclotorsion should be adopted for any SMILE astigmatic correction over 0.75 D. | Jorge L.Aliódel Barrio Verónica Vargas Olena Al-Shymali Jorge L.Alió | 2017 | Eye and Vision2017，4，1： | 8 |
| 16 | Efficient Graph-Based Image Segmentation显示文摘 | Pedro F. Felzenszwalb Daniel P. Huttenlocher | 2004 | International Journal of Computer Vision2004，，2： | 8 |
| 17 | Femtosecond laser cataract surgery显示文摘Femtosecond laser(FSL)cataract surgery is in its infancy but is rapidly gaining popularity due to the improved consistency and predictability for corneal incisions and anterior capsulorhexis.It enables subsequently less phacoemulsification energy and time to be employed,which has gains in terms of reduced corneal oedema.In addition,the FSL allows better circularity of the anterior capsulotomy,capsule overlap,intraocular lens(IOL)placement and centration of the IOL.These advantages have resulted in improved visual and refractive outcomes in the short term.Complication rates are low which reduce with surgeon experience.This review article focuses on the Alcon LenSx system. | Zoltan Z.Nagy Colm McAlinden | 2015 | Eye and Vision2015，2，1： | 8 |
| 18 | Relative peripheral refraction across 4 meridians after orthokeratology and LASIK surgery显示文摘Background:To characterize the axial and off-axis refraction across four meridians of the retina in myopic eyes before and after Orthokeratology(OK)and LASIK surgery.Methods:Sixty right eyes with a spherical equivalent(M)between−0.75 to−5.25 D(cylinder<−1.00 D)underwent LASIK(n=26)or OK(n=34)to treat myopia.Axial and off-axis refraction were measured with an open-field autorefractometer before and after stabilized treatments.Off-axis measurements were obtained for the horizontal(35°nasal and temporal retina)and vertical(15°superior and inferior retina)meridians,and for two oblique directions(45–225°and 135–315°)up to 20°of eccentricity.The refractive profile was addressed as relative peripheral refractive error(RPRE).Results:OK and LASIK post-treatment results showed an increase of myopic relative refraction at several eccentric locations.At the four meridians evaluated,the M component of the pre-treatment RPRE values was not statistically different(p>0.05)from the post-treatment RPRE within 30°and 20°of the central visual field after LASIK and OK,respectively.These results demonstrated that the treatment zone warrants an optimal central field of vision.Conclusions:The present study gives an overview of RPRE after refractive corneal reshaping treatments(OK and LASIK)across vertical,horizontal and two oblique meridians together.This allows a 3D representation of RPRE at the retina and shows that the myopic shift induced by both treatments is more relevant in horizontal directions. | António Queirós Ana Amorim-de-Sousa Daniela Lopes-Ferreira César Villa-Collar Ángel Ramón Gutiérrez JoséManuel González-Méijome | 2018 | Eye and Vision2018，5，1： | 8 |
| 19 | Assessing progression of keratoconus: novel tomographic determinants显示文摘Several methods have been described in the literature to both evaluate and document progression in keratoconus,but there is no consistent or clear definition of ectasia progression.The authors describe how modern corneal tomography,including both anterior and posterior elevation and pachymetric data can be used to screen for ectatic progression,and how software programs such as the Enhanced Reference Surface and the Belin-Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display(BAD)can be employed to detect earlier changes.Additionally,in order to describe specific quantitative values that can be used as progression determinants,the normal noise measurement of the three parameters(corneal thickness at the thinnest point,anterior and posterior radius of curvature(ARC,PRC)taken from the 3.0 mm optical zone centered on the thinnest point),was assessed.These values were obtained by imaging five normal patients using three different technicians on three separate days.The 95%and 80%one-sided confidence intervals for all three parameters were surprisingly small(7.88/4.03μm for corneal thickness,0.024/0.012 mm for ARC,and 0.083/0.042 mm for PRC),suggesting that they may perform well as progression determinants. | Joshua K.Duncan Michael W.Belin Mark Borgstrom | 2016 | Eye and Vision2016，3，1： | 8 |
| 20 | Consideration of corneal biomechanics in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus: is it important?显示文摘Keratoconus is a bilateral,non-inflammatory,degenerative corneal disease.The occurrence and development of keratoconus is associated with corneal thinning and conical protrusion,which causes irregular astigmatism.With the disruption of the collagen organization,the cornea loses its shape and function resulting in progressive visual degradation.Currently,corneal topography is the most important tool for the diagnosis of keratoconus,which may lead to false negatives among the patient population in the subclinical phase.However,it is now hypothesised that biomechanical destabilisation of the cornea may take place ahead of the topographic evidence of keratoconus,hence possibly assisting with disease diagnosis and management.This article provides a review of the definition,diagnosis,and management strategies for keratoconus based on corneal biomechanics. | FangJun Bao Brendan Geraghty QinMei Wang Ahmed Elsheikh | 2016 | Eye and Vision2016，3，1： | 8 |
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