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| 1 | Computer vision-based apple grading for golden delicious apples based on surface features显示文摘In this paper,a computer vision-based algorithm for golden delicious apple grading is proposed which works in six steps.Non-apple pixels as background are firstly removed from input images.Then,stem end is detected by combination of morphological methods and Mahalanobis distant classifier.Calyx region is also detected by applying K-means clustering on the Cb component in YCbCr color space.After that,defects segmentation is achieved using Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.In the next step,stem end and calyx regions are removed from defected regions to refine and improve apple grading process.Then,statistical,textural and geometric features from refined defected regions are extracted.Finally,for apple grading,a comparison between performance of Support Vector Machine(SVM),MLP and K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)classifiers is done.Classification is done in two manners which in the first one,an input apple is classified into two categories of healthy and defected.In the second manner,the input apple is classified into three categories of first rank,second rank and rejected ones.In both grading steps,SVM classifier works as the best one with recognition rate of 92.5%and 89.2%for two categories(healthy and defected)and three quality categories(first rank,second rank and rejected ones),among 120 different golden delicious apple images,respectively,considering K-folding with K=5.Moreover,the accuracy of the proposed segmentation algorithms including stem end detection and calyx detection are evaluated for two different apple image databases. | Payman Moallem Alireza Serajoddin Hossein Pourghassem | 2017 | Information Processing in Agriculture2017，4，1： | 28 |
| 2 | Detection of plant leaf diseases using image segmentation and soft computing techniques显示文摘Agricultural productivity is something on which economy highly depends.This is the one of the reasons that disease detection in plants plays an important role in agriculture field,as having disease in plants are quite natural.If proper care is not taken in this area then it causes serious effects on plants and due to which respective product quality,quantity or productivity is affected.For instance a disease named little leaf disease is a hazardous disease found in pine trees in United States.Detection of plant disease through some automatic technique is beneficial as it reduces a large work of monitoring in big farms of crops,and at very early stage itself it detects the symptoms of diseases i.e.when they appear on plant leaves.This paper presents an algorithm for image segmentation technique which is used for automatic detection and classification of plant leaf diseases.It also covers survey on different diseases classification techniques that can be used for plant leaf disease detection.Image segmentation,which is an important aspect for disease detection in plant leaf disease,is done by using genetic algorithm. | Vijai Singh A.K.Misra | 2017 | Information Processing in Agriculture2017，4，1： | 28 |
| 3 | Defining the effect of sweep tillage tool cutting edge geometry on tillage forces using 3D discrete element modelling显示文摘The energy required for tillage processes accounts for a significant proportion of total energy used in crop production.In many tillage processes decreasing the draft and upward vertical forces is often desired for reduced fuel use and improved penetration,respectively.Recent studies have proved that the discrete element modelling(DEM)can effectively be used to model the soil–tool interaction.In his study,Fielke(1994)[1]examined the effect of the various tool cutting edge geometries,namely;cutting edge height,length of underside rub,angle of underside clearance,on draft and vertical forces.In this paper the experimental parameters of Fielke(1994)[1]were simulated using 3D discrete element modelling techniques.In the simulations a hysteretic spring contact model integrated with a linear cohesion model that considers the plastic deformation behaviour of the soil hence provides better vertical force prediction was employed.DEM parameters were determined by comparing the experimental and simulation results of angle of repose and penetration tests.The results of the study showed that the simulation results of the soil-various tool cutting edge geometries agreed well with the experimental results of Fielke(1994)[1].The modelling was then used to simulate a further range of cutting edge geometries to better define the effect of sweep tool cutting edge geometry parameters on tillage forces.The extra simulations were able to show that by using a sharper cutting edge with zero vertical cutting edge height the draft and upward vertical force were further reduced indicating there is benefit from having a really sharp cutting edge.The extra simulations also confirmed that the interpolated trends for angle of underside clearance as suggested by Fielke(1994)[1]where correct with a linear reduction in draft and upward vertical force for angle of underside clearance between the ranges of-25 and-5°,and between-5 and 0°.The good correlations give confidence to recommend further investigation of the use of DEM to model the different types of tillage tools. | Mustafa Ucgul John M.Fielke Chris Saunders | 2015 | Information Processing in Agriculture2015，2，2： | 24 |
| 4 | Recent developments and trends in thermal blanching-A comprehensive review显示文摘Thermal blanching is an essential operation for many fruits and vegetables processing.It not only contributes to the inactivation of polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),but also affects other quality attributes of products.Herein we review the current status of thermal blanching.Firstly,the purposes of blanching,which include inactivating enzymes,enhancing drying rate and product quality,removing pesticide residues and toxic constituents,expelling air in plant tissues,decreasing microbial load,are examined.Then,the reason to why indicators such as POD and PPO,ascorbic acid,color,and texture are frequently used to evaluate blanching process is summarized.After that,the principles,applications and limitations of current thermal blanching methods,which include conventional hot water blanching,steam blanching,microwave blanching,ohmic blanching,and infrared blanching are outlined.Finally,future trends are identified and discussed. | Hong-Wei Xiao Zhongli Pan Li-Zhen Deng Hamed M.El-Mashad Xu-Hai Yang Arun S.Mujumdar Zhen-Jiang Gao Qian Zhang | 2017 | Information Processing in Agriculture2017，4，2： | 23 |
| 5 | C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces显示文摘Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial biomass.Natural cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient supply.Methods:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and potassium.Soil and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced respiration.Linear regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient limitation.Results:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with P.The molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient ratios.Microbial growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added P.Conclusions:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary production.Our results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(i.e.homeostatic)under near optimum soil conditions.Soils with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with P.Relative changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site. | Bryan S Griffiths Annette Spilles Michael Bonkowski | 2012 | Ecological Processes2012，1，1： | 23 |
| 6 | Study on Relationship between Microstructure of Active Phase and HDS Performance of Sulfided Ni-Mo Catalysts: Effect of Metal Loading显示文摘Six Ni-Mo catalysts with different metal contents were prepared and characterized by N2 adsorption and X-ray diffractometry. The active phase microstructure of these catalysts was examined by the Raman spectroscopy, temperatureprogrammed reduction(TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Hydrodesulfurization(HDS) activity of catalyst samples were analyzed in a flow fixed-bed microreactor. The sulfidation degree of Mo and the length of the MoS2 slab slightly increased with the amount of metal loaded following sulfidation. This small change is attributed to polymolybdate species observed in all the oxidized catalysts. Weak metal-support interactions, as determined by the TPR technique, increased the NiSx sulfidation phase and MoS2 slab stacking. The HDS activity of the catalyst samples increased with the number of active sites. For high metal loading catalysts, their HDS activity was nearly identical because the sulfur atoms cannot easily approach active sites. This change is caused by the large number of stacked layers in the MoS2 slabs as well as the decrease in the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalyst samples with an increasing metal loading. | Guo Rong Shen Benxian Fang Xiangchen Sun Jin Peng Chong Cui Xiaoli | 2014 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2014，16，2： | 21 |
| 7 | Wall Sticking of High Water-Cut, Highly Viscous and High Gel-Point Crude Oil Transported at Low Temperatures显示文摘Some crude oils with high water cut have the capability to flow below the oil gel point, while the oil particles adhere to the pipe wall in the form of paste, also called 'wall sticking'. Wall sticking is a serious problem during the pipeline transportation, leading to partial or total blockage of the pipeline and energy wastage. In this paper, a series of laboratory flow loop experiments were conducted to observe the wall sticking characteristics of crude oil with high water cut, high viscosity and high gel point at low transportation temperatures. The effects of shear stress and water cut on the wall sticking rate and occurrence temperature were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the wall sticking rate and occurrence temperature were lower under stronger shear stress and higher water cut conditions. A criterion of wall sticking occurrence temperature(WSOT) and a regression model of wall sticking rate were then established. Finally, the software was developed to calculate the pressure drop along the pipelines of crude oils with high water-cut. It was able to predict the wall sticking thickness of gelled oil and then calculate the pressure drop along the pipelines. A typical case study indicated that the prediction results obtained from the software were in agreement with actual measured values. | Zheng Haimin Huang Qiyu Wang Changhui Wang Xi | 2015 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2015，17，4： | 17 |
| 8 | Degradation of Nitrobenzene-Containing Wastewater with O_3 and H_2O_2 by High Gravity Technology显示文摘Nitrobenzene-containing industrial wastewater was degraded in the presence of ozonecoupled with H2O2 by high gravity technology. The effect of high gravity factor, H2O2 concentration, pH value, liquid flow-rate, and reaction time on the efficiency for removal of nitrobenzene was investigated. The experimental results show that the high gravity technology enhances the ozone utilization efficiency with O3 /H2O2 showing synergistic effect. The degradation efficiency in terms of the COD removal rate and nitrobenzene removal rate reached 45.8% and 50.4%, respectively, under the following reaction conditions, viz.: a high gravity factor of 66.54, a pH value of 9, a H2O2 /O3 molar ratio of 1:1, a liquid flow rate of 140L/h, an ozone concentration of 40mg/L, a H2O2 multiple dosing mode of 6mL/h, and a reaction time of 4h. Compared with the performance of conventional stirred aeration mixers, the high gravity technology could increase the COD and nitrobenzene removal rate related with the nitrobenzene-containing wastewater by 22.9% and 23.3%, respectively. | Jiao Weizhou Liu Youzhi Liu Wenli Li Jing Shao Fan Wang Chaoran | 2013 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2013，15，1： | 16 |
| 9 | Ni-_2P-MoS_2/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalyst for Deep Hydrodesulfurization via the Hydrogenation Reaction Pathway显示文摘A series of highly active Ni2P-Mo S2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and characterized, the catalytic performance of which was evaluated through hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene. The result indicated that when the amount of Ni2 P was 4%, the catalyst showed a relatively high activity to provide a reliable reference for the hydrodesulfurization pathway in comparison with the conventional Ni Mo and Ni Mo P catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were correlated with their catalytic activity and selectivity on hydrodesulfurization. The stacking number of active Mo S2 phases was important for influencing the hydrogenation activity. | Liu Lihua Liu Shuqun | 2014 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2014，16，4： | 13 |
| 10 | Estimating farmers’stated willingness to accept pay for ecosystem services:case of Lake Naivasha watershed Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme-Kenya显示文摘Introduction:Lake Naivasha watershed is recognized for its contribution to Kenya’s national gross domestic product from the export of horticultural products.Commercial horticultural investment downstream depends mainly on the Lake’s water.The fresh water lake lacks surface outflow,and its recharge depends on river Malewa flowing from upper catchment in Aberdare ranges.However,unsustainable land use practices in the upper catchment has led to increasing sediment loading and pollution in river Malewa which affects water quality in the Lake downstream.Payment for Environmental Services(PES)scheme has been initiated as an alternative incentive approach to motivate upstream smallholder farmers adopt sustainable land use practices for conservation of watershed services.This paper analyzes willingness to accept pay(WTA)as proxy economic measure of environmental service(ES)value and determines socio-economic factors influencing farmers WTA for watershed conservation.We analyzed the WTA and characterized WTA underlying socio-economic determinants in two PES intervention sites in Kenya.Methods:The objective of this study was to estimate WTA and determine socio-economic factors influencing WTA.Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 PES farmers through face-to-face interview.We applied contingent valuation(CV)and logistic regression for data analyses to elicit farmer’s WTA estimates to implement PES farm practices and determine socio-economic factors influencing WTA,respectively.Results:Results revealed over 90% of respondents were farmers and 60% had primary level of education.Average household farm size was 2.305 acres and family size was six members on average.We recorded a monthly marginal household increase in gross income from Kshs.6891.969(US$68.92)before PES to Kshs.11,011.48(US$110.12)with PES interventions.The estimated annual lowest and highest WTA for PES farm practices were at Kshs.8835(US$88.35)for grass strip and Kshs.21,847.500(US$218.48)for fallowing.Household socio-economic characteristics had significant influence on WTA among farmers.Conclusions:The study revealed heterogeneity in WTA estimates among PES implementing farmers.The WTA reflects opportunity cost to farmers.We recommend PES mechanism as a policy tool to internalize negative watershed externalities to provide ecosystem services. | J.M.Nyongesa H.K.Bett J.K.Lagat O.I.Ayuya | 2016 | Ecological Processes2016，5，1： | 13 |
| 11 | Recent advances in image processing techniques for automated leaf pest and disease recognition – A review显示文摘Fast and accurate plant disease detection is critical to increasing agricultural productivity in a sustainable way.Traditionally,human experts have been relied upon to diagnose anomalies in plants caused by diseases,pests,nutritional deficiencies or extreme weather.However,this is expensive,time consuming and in some cases impractical.To counter these challenges,research into the use of image processing techniques for plant disease recognition has become a hot research topic.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of recent studies carried out in the area of crop pest and disease recognition using image processing and machine learning techniques.We hope that this work will be a valuable resource for researchers in this area of crop pest and disease recognition using image processing techniques.In particular,we concentrate on the use of RGB images owing to the low cost and high availability of digital RGB cameras.We report that recent efforts have focused on the use of deep learning instead of training shallow classifiers using handcrafted features.Researchers have reported high recognition accuracies on particular datasets but in many cases,the performance of those systems deteriorated significantly when tested on different datasets or in field conditions.Nevertheless,progress made so far has been encouraging.Experimental results showing the leaf disease recognition performance of ten CNN architectures in terms of recognition accuracy,recall,precision,specificity,F1-score,training duration and storage requirements are also presented.Subsequently,recommendations are made on the most suitable architectures to deploy in conventional as well as mobile/embedded computing environments.We also discuss some of the unresolved challenges that need to be addressed in order to develop practical automatic plant disease recognition systems for use in field conditions. | Lawrence C.Ngugi Moataz Abelwahab Mohammed Abo-Zahhad | 2021 | Information Processing in Agriculture2021，8，1： | 13 |
| 12 | Design, development and field assessment of a controlled seed metering unit to be used in grain drills for direct seeding of wheat显示文摘A newcontrolled seed metering unit was designed and mounted on a common grain drill for direct seeding of wheat(DSW).It comprised the following main parts:(a)a variable-rate controlled direct current motor(DCM)as seed metering shaft driver,(b)two digital encoders for sensing the rotational speed of supplemental ground wheel(SGW)and seed metering shaft and(c)a control box to handle and process the data of the unit.According to the considered closed-loop control system,the designed control box regularly checked the revolution per minute(RPM)of seed metering shaft,as operation feedback,using its digital encoder output.The seeding ratewas determined based on the calculated error signal and output signal of the digital encoder of the SGW.A field with four different levels of wheat stubble coverage(10%,30%,40%and 50%)was selected for evaluation of the fabricated seed metering unit(FSMU).The dynamic tests were conducted to compare the performance of installed FSMU on the grain drill and equipped grain drill with common seed metering unit(CSMU)at three forward speeds of 4,6 and 8(Km/h)for DSW.Results of the FSMU assessment demonstrated that an increase in forwardspeed of grain drill(FSGD)and stubble coverage did not significantly affect the seeding rate in the grain drill forDSW.Using theFSMU reduced the coefficient of variation(CV)by approximately 50%.Consequently,applying the FSMU on the common grain drill led to a desirable seeding rate at different forward speeds of the grain drill and stubble existence. | S.Kamgar F.Noei-Khodabadi S.M.Shafaei | 2015 | Information Processing in Agriculture2015，2，3： | 12 |
| 13 | Effect of Magnetic Field on Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oils with and without Tricresyl Phosphate显示文摘Tribological properties of neat 150 SN mineral base oil and the oils doped with different contents of tricresyl phosphate(TCP) under magnetic field or non-magnetic field were evaluated on a four-ball tribotester, on which an external magnetic field was applied. Furthermore, the morphology and the tribochemical characteristics of the worn surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and an X-ray photoelectron spectrograph(XPS). The tribological test results showed that the magnetic field improved anti-wear properties but impaired the friction-reducing properties of neat base oil and the TCP-doped oils. The worn surfaces tested in magnetic field were characterized by a slighter wear than those tested in normal condition, especially for the surfaces lubricated with the TCP-doped oils. Furthermore, the results of XPS analysis indicated that tribochemical films on the surfaces tested with TCP-doped oils were mainly composed of ferriccontaining compounds such as Fe_2O_3, Fe_3O_4 and FePO_4. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the atomic concentrations of oxygen and phosphorous in the frictional sub-surfaces were higher than those without magnetic impact. Thus it can be inferred that the improved anti-wear properties and impaired friction-reducing capabilities of lubricating oils with TCP under a magnetic field were related to the diffusion of phosphorus and oxygen into the substrate induced by magnetism. | Jiang Zeqi Fang Jianhua Chen Boshui Zheng Zhe Li Hao Xu Lai | 2016 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2016，18，3： | 12 |
| 14 | Development of an intelligent system based on ANFIS for predicting wheat grain yield on the basis of energy inputs显示文摘Energy is regarded as one of the most important elements in agricultural sector.During the last decades energy consumption in agriculture has increased,so finding the relationship between energy consumption and crop yields in agricultural production can help to achieve sustainable agriculture.In this study several adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)models were evaluated to predict wheat grain yield on the basis of energy inputs.Moreover,artificial neural networks(ANNs)were developed and the obtained results were compared with ANFIS models.For the best ANFIS structure gained in this study,R,RMSE and MAPE were calculated as 0.976,0.046 and 0.4,respectively.The developed ANN was a multilayer perceptron(MLP)with eleven neurons in the input layer,two hidden layers with 32 and 10 neurons and one neuron(wheat grain yield)in the output layer.For the best ANN model,R,RMSE and MAPE were computed as 0.92,0.9 and 0.1,respectively.The results illustrated that ANFIS model can predict the yield more precisely than ANN. | Benyamin Khoshnevisan Shahin Rafiee Mahmoud Omid Hossein Mousazadeh | 2014 | Information Processing in Agriculture2014，1，1： | 12 |
| 15 | Analyzing drying characteristics and modeling of thin layers of peppermint leaves under hot-air and infrared treatments显示文摘The drying kinetics of peppermint leaves was studied to determine the best drying method for them.Two drying methods include hot-air and infrared techniques,were employed.Three different temperatures(30,40,50℃)and air velocities(0.5,1,1.5 m/s)were selected for the hot-air drying process.Three levels of infrared intensity(1500,3000,4500 W/m^2),emitter-sample distance(10,15,20 cm)and air speed(0.5,1,1.5 m/s)were used for the infrared drying technique.According to the results,drying had a falling rate over time.Drying kinetics of peppermint leaves was explained and compared using three mathematical models.To determine coefficients of these models,non-linear regression analysis was used.The models were evaluated in terms of reduced chi-square(χ^2),root mean square error(RMSE)and coefficient of determination(R^2)values of experimental and predicted moisture ratios.Statistical analyses indicated that the model with the best fitness in explaining the drying behavior of peppermint samples was the Logarithmic model for hot-air drying and Midilli model for infrared drying.Moisture transfer in peppermint leaves was also described using Fick’s diffusion model.The lowest effective moisture diffusivity(1.096×10^-11m^2/s)occurred during hot-air drying at 30℃ using 0.5 m/s,whereas its highest value(5.928×10^-11m^2/s)belonged to infrared drying using 4500 W/m^2 infrared intensity,0.5 m/s airflow velocity and 10 cm emitter-sample distance.The activation energy for infrared and hot-air drying were ranged from 0.206 to 0.439 W/g,and from 21.476 to 27.784 kJ/mol,respectively. | Seyed-Hassan Miraei Ashtiani Alireza Salarikia Mahmood Reza Golzarian | 2017 | Information Processing in Agriculture2017，4，2： | 12 |
| 16 | Agricultural information dissemination using ICTs:A review and analysis of information dissemination models in China显示文摘Over the last three decades,China’s agriculture sector has been transformed from the traditional to modern practice through the effective deployment of Information and Communication Technologies(ICTs).Information processing and dissemination have played a critical role in this transformation process.Many studies in relation to agriculture information services have been conducted in China,but few of them have attempted to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of different information dissemination models and their applications.This paper aims to review and identify the ICT based information dissemination models in China and to share the knowledge and experience in applying emerging ICTs in disseminating agriculture information to farmers and farm communities to improve productivity and economic,social and environmental sustainability.The paper reviews and analyzes the development stages of China’s agricultural information dissemination systems and different mechanisms for agricultural information service development and operations.Seven ICT-based information dissemination models are identified and discussed.Success cases are presented.The findings provide a useful direction for researchers and practitioners in developing future ICT based information dissemination systems.It is hoped that this paper will also help other developing countries to learn from China’s experience and best practice in their endeavor of applying emerging ICTs in agriculture information dissemination and knowledge transfer. | Yun Zhang Lei Wang Yanqing Duan | 2016 | Information Processing in Agriculture2016，3，1： | 12 |
| 17 | Distribution of organic carbon fractions in soil aggregates in Chinese fir plantations with different stand ages显示文摘Background:Revealing the variations in soil aggregate-related organic carbon(OC)and labile organic carbon(LOC)fractions in a chronosequence of Chinese fir plantations plays an important role in better understanding the impact of soil carbon sink or source on the Chinese fir plantation ecosystem.In this study,soil samples in a depth of 0–20 cm were collected from Chinese fir plantations at different stand ages(0,9,17,and 26 years old)in Guangxi,China.With the optimal moisture sieving method adopted,the soil aggregates of 4 different sizes were obtained,including>2-mm,2–1-mm,1–0.25-mm,and<0.25-mm aggregates.Soil OC and LOC fractions were measured in the aggregates of different sizes.The LOC fractions included readily oxidizable carbon(ROC),particulate organic carbon(POC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),water-soluble organic carbon(WOC),and mineralized organic carbon(MOC).Results:Soil aggregate stability,as indicated by the mean weight diameter(MWD),was the highest in the 17-yearold Chinese fir plantations and was significantly positively related(p<0.05)to the concentrations of OC and LOC fractions(except for the ROC and MOC),with the POC in particular.As for all stand ages of Chinese fir plantations,the concentrations of soil OC and LOC fractions were significantly increased as the aggregate size decreased.Consequently,there were more OC and LOC fractions distributed in the<0.25-mm aggregates.During the stand development,the concentrations of soil OC and LOC fractions first increased and then decreased,with the highest levels detected in the 17-year-old Chinese fir plantations,indicating that the 17-year-old Chinese fir plantations were conducive to the accumulation of soil OC and LOC fractions.Conclusion:After 17 years of planting,promoted soil carbon(especially for the POC)accumulation contributes significantly to enhancing soil aggregate stability for the Chinese fir plantations in Guangxi,China. | Xinxin He Yongzhen Huang Qianchun Zhang Shaoming Ye Shengqiang Wang | 2021 | Ecological Processes2021，10，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Effect of Strontium Addition to Platinum Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation显示文摘PtSnSr/HZSM-5 catalysts with different amounts of strontium were prepared by sequential impregnation method,and characterized by BET analysis,TEM,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,TPO and TG techniques.The results showed that the addition of strontium could modify the characteristics and properties of both acid function and metal function of Pt-Sn-based catalysts.In this case,PtSnSr/HZSM-5 catalyst with an appropriate amount of Sr(1.2%) showed higher catalytic activity and lower amount of coke deposits than PtSn/HZSM-5 catalyst.However,excessive loading of Sr could facilitate the reduction of Sn,which was unfavorable to the reaction.Afterwards,1.0 m% of Na was added into the PtSnSr(1.2%)/HZSM-5 catalyst to improve the catalytic performance in propane dehydrogenation,and this catalyst displayed the best catalytic performance during our experiments.After having been subjected to reaction for 5h,the PtSnNa(1.0%)Sr(1.2%)/HZSM-5 catalyst had achieved a higher than 95% selectivity towards propene along with a corresponding propane conversion rate of 32.2%. | Huang Li Zhou Shijian Zhou Yuming Zhang Yiwei Zhang Shaobo Xu Jun | 2012 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2012，14，3： | 11 |
| 19 | Commercial Application of the Second Generation RHT Catalysts for Hydroprocessing the Residue with Low Sulfur and High Nitrogen Contents显示文摘The RHT technology and the second generation RHT catalysts were applied in design of an 1.7Mt/a VRDS unit at the SINOPEC Changling Branch Co. The commercial application result demonstrated that the RHT catalysts showed good activity and stability in processing low-sulfur and high-nitrogen residue. The first long period run of unit for processing high Fe and high Ca content residue was achieved. The reasons for excessive pressure drop of R-101 were ascribed to Fe and Ca deposition as well as coke formation. | Shao Zhicai Zhao Xinqiang Liu Tao Dai Lishun Nie Hong | 2014 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2014，16，1： | 11 |
| 20 | Improvement of Magnetic Field on Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oils with Zinc Butyloctyldithiophosphate显示文摘Tribological properties of 150 SN mineral oil and the oils doped with different contents of zinc butyloctyldithiophosphate(T202) under magnetic field or non-magnetic field were evaluated on a four-ball tribotester by applying an external magnetic field around the friction region. Moreover, the morphology and the tribochemical characteristics of worn surfaces were examined by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS). Then the lubrication mechanisms were discussed. The tribological test results indicated that the wear scar diameters(WSDs) of steel balls lubricated by the T202-containing lubricating oils and the friction coefficients of the corresponding oil under magnetic field were smaller than those without magnetic affection. The worn surface lubricated with the T202-formulated oils in a magnetic field was smoother than that obtained under the normal condition. Furthermore, the results of XPS analysis indicated that tribochemical films on the surfaces lubricated with T202-doped oils were mainly composed of compounds such as FeSO_4, FeS and ZnS. The atomic concentrations of oxygen, sulfur, iron, zinc and phosphorus species identified in T202 under magnetic field were higher than those without magnetic impact. It can be inferred that the improved anti-wear and friction-reducing ability of T202-doped oils was attributed to the promoted tribochemical reactions and the modification of the worn surfaces induced by magnetic field. | Jiang Zeqi Fang Jianhua Chen Boshui Wu Jiang Wang Jiu Zheng Zhe | 2016 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2016，18，4： | 11 |
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