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| 1 | Interaction between retanning agents and wet white tanned by a novel bimetal complex tanning agent显示文摘A promising and practical chrome-free tanning system has been developed based on a novel Al–Zr bimetal complex tanning agent.However,to achieve satisfactory resultant leather,the retanning process that is compatible with this emerging tannage needs to be investigated systematically.This paper aims to explore the interaction between the bimetal complex tanned wet white and retanning agents.The isoelectric point(pI)of wet white was 7.2,which was nearly the same as wet blue.The electropositivity of wet white was even higher than that of wet blue during post-tanning processes,resulting in higher uptake rate of retanning agents.The distribution of various retanning agents in wet white was analyzed by pI measurement of layered leather and fluorescent tracing technique.The retanning agents were unevenly distributed throughout the cross-section,which might be an important restriction factor in obtaining satisfactory organoleptic properties of the crust leather.This fact is mainly due to the strong electrostatic interaction between anionic retanning agents and wet white.Applying a high dosage of multiple retanning agents in a proper sequence of addition benefited the full penetration of retanning agents in leather matrix and thus improved the organoleptic properties of crust leather.This work provides guidance for optimizing retanning process of the wet white leather. | Wanli Huang Ying Song Yue Yu Ya-nan Wang Bi Shi | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 7 |
| 2 | Fractionational and structural characterization of lignin and its modification as biosorbents for efficient removal of chromium from wastewater:a review显示文摘The removal of chromium(Cr)from wastewater by various adsorbents has been investigated.As compared with the commercial activated carbon,the biosorbents with inexpensive and high adsorption capacities are developed from lignocellulosic wastes.Lignin,existing in lignocellulosic biomass,is the second most abundant resource in nature.Recently,lignin-based bio-sorbents were served as an advanced novel material for the metal ions and dye adsorption from wastewater.It has showed several advantages in the wastewater treatments because of the lowcost,high adsorption capacity,easy recover,and possibility of metal recovery.In this review,the isolation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass was summarized,and the structural characteristics of lignin were comparably analyzed.The modification of lignin was performed to obtain a large surface area,strong binding-site,and high and quick adsorption properties of lignin-based adsorption materials.The adsorption efficiency of Cr ions was found to be strongly dependent on the pH of the wastewater.To further illustrate the adsorption process,the structural changes and the interactions between the metal ions and the functional groups of the lignin-based biosorbents in the adsorption process should be further investigated.Once the cost-effective and high-efficiency modification techniques are developed,lignin-based adsorbents can be expected to be the most suitable alternatives for Cr ions removal from wastewater in industry. | Bing Wang Yong-Chang Sun Run-Cang Sun | 2019 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2019，1，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Sustainable and invisible anti-counterfeiting inks based on waterborne polyurethane and upconversion nanoparticles for leather products显示文摘Counterfeit leather products infringe the intellectual property rights of the business,cause enormous economic loss,and negatively influence the business enthusiasm for innovation.However,traditional anti-counterfeiting materials for leather products suffer from complicated fabrication procedures,photobleaching,and high volatile organic com-pound(VOC)emissions.Here,a sustainable and invisible anti-counterfeiting ink composed of waterborne polyure-thane and water-dispersible lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)featuring ease of preparation,high photostability,non-toxicity,low VOC emissions,and strong adhesion strength for leather products is designed and synthesized.After decorating on the surface of leather products,the obtained patterns are invisible under normal light conditions.Upon irradiation at 808 nm,the invisible patterns can be observed by naked eyes due to the visible light emitted by 808 nm excited UCNPs.Our approach described here opens a new pathway to realize the long-term,stable anti-counterfeiting function of leather products. | Jun Xiang Jianxun Lin Zhonghui Wang Shenglin Zhou Zhenya Wang Qiang Yan Yidong Liu Haojun Fan | 2021 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2021，3，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Progress and mechanism of breaking glycoconjugates by glycosidases in skin for promoting unhairing and fiber opening-up in leather manufacture.A review显示文摘The glycoconjugates,herein glyco-proteins,existing in animal skins are closely related to the effectiveness of unhairing and fiber opening-up.Glycosidases have been used in leather making processes to reduce pollutants and improve leather quality.But the selection of glycosidases is still blind because the related mechanisms are not well understood yet.Hence,the animal skin structures and glycoconjugates components,the advances in the methods and mechanisms of removing glycoconjugates related to unhairing and fiber opening-up in leather manufacture,the kinds,compositions,structures and functions of typical glycoconjugates in skin are summarized.Then the approaches to destroy them,possible glycosidases suitable for leather making and their acting sites are analyzed based on the recognition of glycoconjugates in skin and the specificities of glycosidases toward substrates.It is expected to provide useful information for the optimization of glycosidases and the development of new enzymes and the cleaner technologies of unhairing and opening up fiber bundles assisted by glycosidases. | Fengxiang Luo Xiang Zhong Mengchu Gao Biyu Peng Zhongzhen Long | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 4 |
| 5 | Investigations on the general properties of biomass-based aldehyde tanned sheep fur for its selective post-tanning processing显示文摘Dialdehyde sodium alginate(DSA)is an alternative chrome-free tanning material for fur production.To obtain satisfactory resultant fur and provide suggestions for the usage of DSA in fur making,the general properties of DSA tanned sheep fur were systematically investigated.The tanning mechanism of DSA was analyzed and it was verified that DSA was mainly combined with collagen fiber by forming Schiff base covalent bonds while supplemented by a small number of hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds.Due to the acid sensitivity of Schiff base structure,DSA tanned fur had poor resistance to acid rinsing but had excellent resistance to washing and good fatliquoring performance.Also,it had good resistances to yellowing and reductant.After being retanned by chrome tanning agent,the fur was capable of enduring a high-temperature dyeing process(68°C for 8 h).Overall,DSA tanned sheep fur had favorable properties under appropriate post-tanning processing conditions to manufacture light-colored or dark-colored fur products with desirable physical properties. | Wei Ding Ya-nan Wang Jianfei Zhou Haiteng Liu Xiaoyan Pang Bi Shi | 2021 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2021，3，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Epoxidized methyl ricinoleate bio-plasticizer with a pendant acetate ester for PVC artificial material:circumventing existing limit on achievable migration resistance显示文摘Processing polyvinyl chloride(PVC)artificial material requires plasticizer that softens the PVC coating.Currently,utilizing unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters to obtain epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester(EFAME)bio-plasticizers constitutes an environmentally responsible solution to substitute conventional ortho-phthalates that are endocrine disruptors or probable carcinogens.However,commercial EFAMEs,even with the highest epoxy value(ca.5.5-5.8%)so far,still suffer from fast leaching from the PVC matrix,burdening the environment and shortening lifespan of the artificial material.Here,we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of a new strategy to obtain migration-resistant EFAME that harnesses the midchain hydroxyl of methyl ricinoleate and covalently attachment of a pendant acetate ester.Despite a low epoxy value(3.0%),the engineered bio-plasticizer displays significantly suppressed migration in multiple scenarios compared with one conventional EFAME with much higher epoxy value(5.8%).Circumventing the limit confronting previous strategy that highlights the sole contribution of epoxy value to achievable migration resistance,the rationale herein may provide guidance for designing new EFAMEs with comparable performance to ortho-phthalates,thus bringing the old and oft-maligned PVC artificial material industry one step closer to sustainability. | Siyu Pan Delong Hou Gaofu Yang Qiuping Xie Sunxian Yan Qi Zeng Zhonghui Wang Yi Chen Haojun Fan | 2019 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2019，1，1： | 3 |
| 7 | A facile preparation of a novel nonleaching antimicrobial waterborne polyurethane leather coating functionalized by quaternary phosphonium salt显示文摘The aim of this research is to develop a novel non-leaching antimicrobial waterborne polyurethane(WPU)leather coating material with covalently attached quaternary phosphonium salt(QPS).The structure of the QPS-bearing WPU has been identified,and their thermal stability,mechanical property,and antimicrobial performance have been investigated.The results reveal that the incorporation of QPS slightly reduces the thermal stability of WPU material but would not affects its usability as leather coating.Despite the presence of hydrophobic benzene in QPS structure,the strong hydration of its cationic groups leads to the increased surface contact angle(SCA)and water absorption rate(WAR)of the films,suggesting that the water resistance of the films needs to be improved for the purpose of leather coatings.Antibacterial tests demonstrate that when the QPS content is 20 wt%,QPS-bearing WPU shows effective antimicrobial activity against bacteria.The WPU containing QPS prepared in this study is a non-leaching antimicrobial material and has great potential application as leather coating. | Chunhua Wang Jianhui Wu Li Li Changdao Mu Wei Lin | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Influence of microwave on chromium complex composition in tanning liquor显示文摘Since microwave irradiation could promote hydrolysis and olation of chromium tanning liquor,but the influence of microwave on chromium complex component in the liquor was still unknown.Chromium sulphate solution(0%basicity)and 33%basicity chromium tanning liquor were subjected microwave(MW)and water bath(WB)heating,and the samples without any warming were regarded as control.Ion exchange chromatography(IEC)and gel filtration chromatography(GFC)were used to measure the charge composition and molecular size of chromium complexes in each sample.FT-IR was used to characterize the structure of chromium complexes in each composition separated by IEC.Moreover,the chromium tanning liquor after warming was used in hide powder tanning trials to illustrate whether microwave would affect its tanning ability.The results show there are more high positive charge and large molecular size complexes in chromium tanning liquor after warming but the phenomena are more significant in MW samples compared with WB due to non-thermal effect of microwave.In addition,microwave has more powerful effect on 33%basicity chromium tanning liquor hydrolysis and olation to generate larger molecular size complexes.In FT-IR results,the combination pattern between chromium and ligands are changed after warming but there is no difference between WB and MW.The chromium exhaustion and thermal stability of hide powder tanned with chromium tanning liquor after microwave irradiation are both higher.It could conclude that both thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave promote the process together,and the nonthermal effect leads to more high positive charge and large molecular size complexes and has stronger influence on high polarity system.In short,this work would provide theoretical basis for applying microwave in tanning agent modification and chrome tanning process further. | Jinwei Zhang Wuyong Chen Carmen Gaidau | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Factors affecting thermal stability of collagen from the aspects of extraction,processing and modification显示文摘Collagen,as a thermal-sensitive protein,is the most abundant structural protein in animals.Native collagen has been widely applied in various fields due to its specific physicochemical and biological properties.The beneficial properties would disappear with the collapse of the unique triple helical structure during heating.Understanding thermal stability of collagen is of great significance for practical applications.Previous studies have shown the thermal stability would be affected by the different sources,extraction methods,solvent systems in vitro and modified methods.Accordingly,the factors affecting thermal stability of collagen are discussed in detail in this review. | Xiaoxia Zhang Songcheng Xu Lirui Shen Guoying Li | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Kinetics and mechanism of thermal degradation of vegetable-tanned leather fiber显示文摘Thermal degradation of vegetable-tanned leather fiber(VLF)was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis aiming to know the exact kinetics and degradation mechanism.The thermogravimetric(TG)and differential thermogravimetric(DTG)curves showed that decomposition of the VLF occurs mainly in the range of 150-600℃,and the latter exhibits asymmetrical peak with a pronounced shoulder.The decomposition process was first analyzed by deconvolution of the experimental DTG curves,followed by reconstruction of the weight loss profiles of two individual processes.Several common isoconversional approaches were applied to calculate the activation energy over a wide range of conversion for the sample,including modified Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(MKAS),Friedman,and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa.The average activation energy of vegetable-tanned leather fiber was found to be 241.9 kJ mol^(−1) by MKAS method.The activation energy values obtained for the pseudocomponents representing highly-crosslinked and low-crosslinked collagen in VLF were given as 190.6 and 124.8 kJ mol^(−1),respectively.Generalized master plots results suggested that the reaction mechanism for highly-crosslinked collagen follows the random nucleation and growth process at conversion values lower than 0.5.When the conversion is higher than 0.5,the mechanism tends to random scission model.For low-crosslinked collagen,the degradation is mainly governed by random nucleation and nuclei growth.The gaseous products of VLF thermal degradation were analyzed with an online-coupled TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy system. | Jie Liu Lan Luo Yadi Hu Fang Wang Xuejing Zheng Keyong Tang | 2019 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2019，1，1： | 2 |
| 11 | A new procedure of bating with fungal acid bate and a comparative study of its effects on finished leathers显示文摘 | Panneerselvam M Dhar SC | 1980 | Leather Science1980，27，： | 1 |
| 12 | Chromium and leather:a review on the chemistry of relevance for allergic contact dermatitis to chromium显示文摘As other causes decline in importance,chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy,which affects around 1%of the general population.The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis,which can be elicited in chromiumallergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather.Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions.It is formed on the surface of some,antioxidant-free,leathers at dry conditions(<35% relative humidity)and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions,such as UV irradiation,contact with alkaline solutions,and leather age.Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time(days-months).A low initial test result(<3 mg/kg)for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test(ISO 17075)does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather.Information,labels,and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals.Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens,as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products,are crucial. | Yolanda S.Hedberg | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Characteristics of natural biopolymers and their derivative as sorbents for chromium adsorption:a review显示文摘Chromium is widely used in industry,and improper disposal of wastewater and industrial residues containing excessive chromium can contaminate water and soil,endangering both environmental and human health.Natural biopolymers and their derivatives have been investigated for removal of chromium(Cr)from wastewater.Cellulose,lignin,tannin,chitin,chitosan,and polypeptides are abundant in nature,and have high potential as adsorbents due to their easy access,low cost,and the recyclability of the captured heavy metals.In order to improve their mechanical strength,recyclability,specific surface area,binding site number,and adsorption rate as adsorbents,native materials have also been modified.This review discusses the source of chromium contamination and the main species of interest,as well as their toxicity.The structures of the aforementioned biopolymers were analyzed,and the adsorption mechanism of chromium and the main influencing factors on this process are discussed.The modification methods of various adsorbents and their adsorption effects on chromium are also detailed,and the developmental direction of research on the use of biopolymer adsorption remediation to control chromium contamination is discussed. | Ruoshi Zhang Yongqiang Tian | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 1 |
| 14 | A new procedure of bating with fungal acid bate and a comparative study of its effects on finished leathers显示文摘 | PANNEERSELVAM M DHAR S C | 1980 | Leather Science1980，27，： | 1 |
| 15 | Current trends in leather science显示文摘In preparing the second edition of‘Tanning Chemistry.The Science of Leather.’,the literature was updated and the content was revised and reviewed.Here,the new findings are presented and discussed.Notable developments include the necessary rethinking of the mechanism of sulfide unhairing because of new understanding of the aqueous chemistry of sulfide species.Revision upwards of the value of the second pKa for sulfide species ionisation means that S2−cannot exist in an aqueous medium,so the unhairing species in hair burn reactions is HS−.Although the technology remains the same,this means the mechanisms of associated reactions such as immunisation must be revised.Rawstock preservation has benefitted from studies of the potential role of materials from plants which accumulate salt,but which also contribute terpene compounds.There is also further discussion on the continuing issue of chromium(Ⅵ)in the leather industry.The application to processing of new solvents,ionic liquids and deep eutectics,is the coming technology,which offers transforming options for new chemistries and products.Renewed interest in vegetable tanning and methods of wet white processing are current trends.Also,within the topic of reagent delivery is processing in a solid medium of plastic beads. | Anthony D.Covington William R.Wise | 2020 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2020，2，1： | 1 |
| 16 | A light-activatable antibiotic with high activation efficiency and uncompromised bactericidal potency in the activated state显示文摘Achieving activatable antibiotics represents one promising solution to tackle the occurrence of side effects,one major issue now plaguing antibiotic usage in collagen-based biomaterials.Despite considerable effort,however,rationale design of activatable antibiotics that display high activation efficiency and uncompromised bactericidal potency in the activated state remains difficult.Here,we demonstrate a design principle that helps to address this challenge.This strategy differs from previous attempts by underscoring photolytic removal of a functionality directly conjugated to the pharmacophore of an antibiotic,enabling not only an activation efficiency significantly improved beyond previous light-activatable antibiotics,but also bactericidal activity in the activated state as potent as the parent drug. | Delong Hou Rui Wang Zhonghui Wang Gaofu Yang Zhou Xu Qi Zeng Yi Chen | 2021 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2021，3，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Studies on solubilized keratins from poultry feathers显示文摘 | Sehgal P K Sastry T P Kumar M | 1986 | Leather Science1986，33，12： | 1 |
| 18 | A new procedure of bating with fungal acid bate and a comparative study of its effects on finished leather显示文摘 | Panneerselvam M Dhar S C | 1980 | Leather Science1980，27，： | 1 |
| 19 | Synthesis of sulfonated Sesamum indicum L.seed oil and its application as a fatliquor in leather processing显示文摘Fatliquor is an oil-in-water emulsion that improves the physical properties of leather such as tensile strength,flexibility,and softness by lubricating the leather fibres.Sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil was synthesized,characterized,and examined for consideration as a substitute for imported fatliquor in Nigeria.The sulfonation of the oil was confirmed by the significant observations made in the FTIR,1 H NMR,13 C NMR,and 13 C NMR DEPT analysis results.A remarkable difference was observed in the physicochemical properties results of both unsulfonated and sulfonated oils.The sulfonated sesame fatliquor was applied onto goatskin and compared with a commercial sulfated fatliquor in the processing of shoe upper leather using standard methods.The average results for tensile strength,double edge tear,elongation,and softness results for the commercial and synthesized fatliquors are as follows:14.27 N/mm^(2);13.77 N/mm^(2),50.61N;60.11 N,38.06%;54.28%,25.2;25.0.A comparable level of lubrication of the leather treated with the sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil and that treated with the commercial leather fatliquor was revealed by the Sudan IV stain test as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis results.Experimental analyses,therefore,show that the as-synthesized sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil could be considered as a substitute for imported fatliquor in the leather industry. | Adachukwu N.Nkwor Pius O.Ukoha Ikhazuagbe H.Ifijen | 2021 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2021，3，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Collagen fiber membrane-derived chemically and mechanically durable superhydrophobic membrane for high- performance emulsion separation显示文摘Developing high-performance separation membrane with good durability is a highly desired while challenging issue.Herein,we reported the successful fabrication of chemically and mechanically durable superhydrophobic membrane that was prepared by embedding UiO-66 as size-sieving sites within the supramolecular fiber structure of collagen fiber membrane(CFM),followed by the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)coating.The as-prepared CFM/UiO-66(12)/PDMS membrane featured capillary effect-enhanced separation flux and homogeneous porous channels guaranteed high separation efficiency.When utilized as double-layer separation membranes,this new type of composite membranes separated various surfactant stabilized water-in-oil microemulsions and nanoemulsions,with the separation efficiency high up to 99.993%and the flux as high as 973.3 L m−2 h−1.Compared with commercial polytetrafluoro ethylene(PTFE)membrane,the advantage of the double-layer CFM/UiO-66(12)/PDMS membranes in separation flux was evident,which exhibited one order of magnitude higher than that of commercial PTFE membrane.The CFM/UiO-66(12)/PDMS membrane was acid-alkali tolerant,UV-aging resistant and reusable for emulsion separation.Notably,the CFM/UiO-66(12)/PDMS membrane was mechanically durable against strong mechanical abrasion,which was still capable of separating diverse water-in-oil emulsions after the abrasion with sandpaper and assembled as double-layer separation membranes.We anticipate that the combination of CFM and metal organic frameworks(MOFs)is an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance separation membrane with high mechanical and chemical durability. | Huifang Li Wan Zheng Hanzhong Xiao Baicun Hao Yujia Wang Xin Huang Bi Shi | 2021 | Journal of Leather Science and Engineering2021，3，1： | 1 |
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