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| 1 | Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Cadaver Skeletal Muscle: A Promising Method for the Estimation of Late Postmortem Interval显示文摘The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that increases with time.Based on the freshness/corruption principle,we investigated the relationship between long postmortem intervals(PMIs)and EC in cadaver skeletal muscle.EC values of extracted fluid from rat muscles were measured at different PMIs for 10 days.The results indicate that there was a significant correlation between PMI and EC,and the data fit well to the cubic polynomial regression equation y=‑0.01x3+0.264x2‑13.657x+1769.148(R2=0.925).In addition,the EC of different dilutions of these muscle extracts showed strict quadratic correlation(R2=1)with the dilution ratios,suggesting that EC can be measured with very small quantities of muscle sample.Our study suggests that determination of the EC of cadaver skeletal muscle extracts may be a useful method for estimating long PMIs. | Zhiyuan Xia Xiandun Zhai Beibei Liu Yaonan Mo | 2015 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2015，1，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Forensic Automatic Speaker Recognition Based on Likelihood Ratio Using Acoustic-phonetic Features Measured Automatically显示文摘Forensic speaker recognition is experiencing a remarkable paradigm shift in terms of the evaluation framework and presentation of voice evidence.This paper proposes a new method of forensic automatic speaker recognition using the likelihood ratio framework to quantify the strength of voice evidence.The proposed method uses a reference database to calculate the within-and between-speaker variability.Some acoustic-phonetic features are extracted automatically using the software VbiceSauce.The effectiveness of the approach was tested using two Mandarin databases:A mobile telephone database and a landline database.The experimenfs results indicate that these acoustic-phonetic features do have some discriminating potential and are worth trying in discrimination.The automatic acoustic-phonetic features have acceptable discriminative performance and can provide more reliable results in evidence analysis when fused with other kind of voice features. | Huapeng Wang Cuiling Zhang | 2015 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2015，1，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Validation of the DNATyper^(TM)15 PCR Genotyping System for Forensic Application显示文摘We describe the optimization and validation of the DNATyper^(TM)15 multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)genotyping system for autosomal short tandem repeat(STR)amplification at 14 autosomal loci(D6S1043,D21S11,D7S820,CSF1PO,D2S1338,D3S1358,D13S317,D8S1179,D16S539,Penta E,D5S818,vWA,D18S51,and FGA)and amelogenin,a sex‑determining locus.Several DNATyper^(TM)15 assay variables were optimized,including hot start Taq polymerase concentration,Taq polymerase activation time,magnesium concentration,primer concentration,annealing temperature,reaction volume,and cycle number.The performance of the assay was validated with respect to species specificity,sensitivity to template concentration,stability,accuracy,influence of the DNA extraction methods,and the ability to genotype the mixture samples.The performance of the DNATyper^(TM)15 system on casework samples was compared with that of two widely used STR amplification kits,Identifiler^(TM)(Applied Biosystems,Carlsbad,CA,USA)and PowerPlex 16®(Promega,Madison,WI,USA).The conditions for PCR‑based DNATyper^(TM)15 genotyping were optimized.Contamination from forensically relevant nonhuman DNA was not found to impact genotyping results,and full profiles were generated for all the reactions containing≥0.125 ng of DNA template.No significant difference in performance was observed even after the DNATyper^(TM)15 assay components were subjected to 20 freeze‑thaw cycles.The performances of DNATyper^(TM)15,Identifiler^(TM),and PowerPlex 16®were comparable in terms of sensitivity and the ability to genotype the mixed samples and case‑type samples,with the assays giving the same genotyping results for all the shared loci.The DNA extraction methods did not affect the performance of any of the systems.Our results demonstrate that the DNATyper^(TM)15 system is suitable for genotyping in both forensic DNA database work and case‑type samples. | Jian Ye Chengtao Jiang Xingchun Zhao Le Wang Caixia Li Anquan Ji Li Yuan Jing Sun Shuaifeng Chen | 2015 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2015，1，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Study on Accuracy of Judgments by Chinese Fingerprint Examiners显示文摘The interpretation of fingerprint evidence depends on the judgments of fingerprint examiners.This study assessed the accuracy of different judgments made by fingerprint examiners following the Analysis,Comparison,and Evaluation(ACE)process.Each examiner was given five marks for analysis,comparison,and evaluation.We compared the experts’judgments against the ground truth and used an annotation platform to evaluate how Chinese fingerprint examiners document their comparisons during the identification process.The results showed that different examiners demonstrated different accuracy of judgments and different mechanisms to reach them. | Shiquan Liu Christophe Champod Jian Wu Yaping Luo | 2015 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2015，1，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Determining the Electrical Conductivity of Rat Cadaveric Liver,Spleen,and Kidney to Estimate Early Postmortem Interval显示文摘Previous research has found that electrical conductivity(EC),an important index to predict meat freshness and shelflife,is very promising for estimating the late postmortem interval(PMI).However,whether it has potential use in the early PMI has not been fully studied yet.To test this possibility in the present study,EC of three internal organs of rat liver,spleen,and kidney were determined within 24 postmortem hows,and then,EC changes at different PMIs were carefully analyzed.The overall results showed that EC of liver and spleen increased significantly with PMI while EC of kidney had minor changes during the same period.Specifically,significant linear positive correlations between EC of liver and spleen and PMI were found and the coefficients of their regression functions were R^(2)=0.98 and R^(2)=0.95,respectively.It can be concluded that determination of EC in certain internal organs such as liver and spleen may be a potential tool in the early PMI estimation.However,more researches on its influencing factors are needed to facilitate its final use in practice. | Zhe Zheng Xiandun Zhai Zhiyuan Xia Yaonan Mo | 2017 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2017，3，3： | 3 |
| 6 | Resurgence of Fentanyl as a Drug of Abuse显示文摘Fentanyl,a powerful opioid analgesic introduced over 50 years ago,has a major role in modern anesthesia and chronic pain relief but has also gained a major role in illicit use.After a spike in fentanyl abuse between 2005 and 2007,fentanyl deaths decreased until 2010,with the introduction of“abuse‑deterrent”OxyContin.Our data indicate a recent rise in fentanyl‑related deaths beginning in 2013,which follows national trends.With the re‑emergence of the synthetic narcotic analgesic of high potency as a popular drug of abuse and the alarmingly increasing mortality associated with its abuse,there are profound implications for public health,health care providers,law enforcement,and the society in general. | Lauren P Tamburro Jenan H Al‑Hadidi Ljubisa Jovan Dragovic | 2016 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2016，2，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Estimation of Postmortem Interval Using the Radiological Techniques,Computed Tomography:A Pilot Study显示文摘Estimation of postmortem interval(PMI)has been an important and difficult subject in the forensic study.It is a primary task of forensic work,and it can help guide the work in field investigation.With the development of computed tomography(CT)technology,CT imaging techniques are now being more frequently applied to the field of forensic medicine.This study used CT imaging techniques to observe area changes in different tissues and organs of rabbits after death and the changing pattern of the average CT values in the organs.The study analyzed the relationship between the CT values of different organs and PMI with the imaging software Max Viewer and obtained multiparameter nonlinear regression equation of the different organs,and the study provided an objective and accurate method and reference information for the estimation of PMI in the forensic medicine.In forensic science,PMI refers to the time interval between the discovery or inspection of corpse and the time of death.CT,magnetic resonance imaging,and other imaging techniques have become important means of clinical examinations over the years.Although some scholars in our country have used modem radiological techniques in various fields of forensic science,such as estimation of injury time,personal identification of bodies,analysis of the cause of death,determination of the causes of injury,and identification of the foreign substances of bodies,there are only a few studies on the estimation of time of death.We detected the process of subtle changes in adult rabbits after death,the shape and size of tissues and organs,and the relationship between adjacent organs in three-dimensional space in an efiort to develop new method for the estimation of PMI.The bodies of the dead rabbits were stored at 20℃ room temperature,sealed condition,and prevented exposure to flesh flies.The dead rabbits were randomly divided into comparison group and experimental group.The whole-body CT scans were performed on the experimental group of rabbits at different PMIs.NeuViz dual-slice spiral CT scanner(made by Neusoft Medical in China,2 mm×10 mm high-speed rare earth ceramic detector)is a 360°scan that could obtain two images,capable of providing a wide range of high-speed continuous spiral scan.Max Viewer(Version:1.0.0131,Neusoft,Shenyang,China)is a CT image viewing software developed by Neusoft Medical.The software can be used to view and process images in various common methods and to measure a number of parameters,such as length,area,angle,and CT values.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS1 Statistics 19.0(SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA).AP<0.05 was considered statistically significant.We obtained the binomial regression equation of the CT values and the related coefficient(R^(2)).In the future,we suggests that comprehensive analyses of various indicators of different organs could establish a diversified pattern to remedy the deficiencies and make the study of PMI estimation more scientific and enhance the operability. | Jiulin Wang Jilong Zheng Jiaxin Zhang Shoutao Ni Biao Zhang | 2017 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2017，3，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Differentially Expressed microRNAs as Potential Markers for Vital Reaction of Burned Skin显示文摘The identification of antemortem burns and postmortem burns is essential in forensic practice.In this study,microRNA(miRNA)microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the skin of an experimental burn model.Microarray analysis revealed 24 differentially expressed miRNAs in antemortem burned mice skin,with 19 miRNAs significantly upregulated and 5 downregulated.Based on the intersection predicted using three databases(Targetscan,microRNA.org,and PITA),293 potential miRNA targets were identified.These dysregulated miRNAs and their predicted targets were further analyzed using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases.Several functional categories and signaling pathways were enriched,including the“fc epsilon ri signaling pathway,”“endometrial cancer,”and“mTOR signaling pathway.”Expression patterns of 10 differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mice skins.The results agreed with the results of microarray analysis.These findings suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs revealed by microarray are potential markers for forensic molecular diagnosis of antemortem burns. | Hao‑Pin Lyu Ming Cheng Jin‑Cen Liu Ming‑Yuan Ye Di Xu Jie‑Tao He Xiao‑Li Xie Qi Wang | 2018 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2018，4，3： | 2 |
| 9 | Evaluation of the AGCU Expressmarker 16 and 22 PCR Amplification Kits Using Biological Samples Applied to FTA Micro Cards in Reduced Volume Direct PCR Amplification Reactions显示文摘This study evaluated the performance of the Wuxi AGCU ScienTech Incorporation(HuiShan,Wuxi,China)AGCU Expressmarker 16(EX 16)and 22(EX22)short tandem repeat(STR)amplification kits in reduced reaction volumes using direct polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification workflows.The commercially available PowerPlex21(PP21)System(Promega,Wisconsin,USA),which follows similar direct workflows,was used as a reference.Anticoagulate blood applied to chemically impregnated FTATM Micro Cards(GE Healthcare UK Limited,Amersham Place,Little Chalfont,Buckinghamshire,HP79NA,UK)was used to represent a complex biological sample.Allelic concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,heterozygous peak height ratios(HPHRs),and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were determined.In reduced volume PCR reactions,the performances of both the EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits were comparable to that of the PP21 System.The level of performance was maintained at PCR reaction volumes,which are 40%of that recommended.The EX22 and PP21 System kits possess comparable overlapping genome coverage.This study evaluated the performance of the AGCU EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits in reduced PCR reaction volumes using direct workflows in combination with whole blood applied to FTATM Micro Cards.Allelic concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,HPHRs,and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were determined.A concordance analysis was completed that compared the performance of the EX16 and EX22 kits using human blood applied to FTA Micro Cards in combination with full,half,and reduced PCR reaction volumes.The PP21 System(Promega)was used as a reference kit.Where appropriate,the distributions of data were assessed using the Shapiro‑Wilk test.For normally‑distributed data,statistics were calculated using analysis of variance(ANOVA)and for nonparametric data the Wilcoxon/Kruskal‑Wallis test was used.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Confidence intervals for mean values were set at 95%.On using reduced volume PCR reactions in combination with dried blood spots applied to FTA sample collection cards,both the EX16 and EX22 kits were shown to generate STR profiles of sufficient quality to allow entry into National DNA databases.The performance of both EX16 and EX22 was comparable to that of the PP21 System.This study demonstrates the successful use of the Wuxi AGCU ScienTech Incorporation EX16 and EX22 kits in reduced PCR reaction volumes with complex biological samples applied to chemically impregnated FTA sample collection cards. | Samantha J Ogden Kathryn L Lamerton Peter J Tatnell | 2015 | Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine2015，1，1： | 2 |
| 10 | The effect of tempered glass on bullet trajectory 显示文摘 | Thornton J I Cashman P J | 1986 | Journal of Forensic Sciences1986，31，： | 1 |
| 11 | A 3-D transformation to improve the legibility of license plate numbers显示文摘 | Wen C Y Yu C C | 2002 | Journal of Forensic Sciences2002，47，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Changes in composition of ballpoint pen inks on aging in darkness 显示文摘 | ANDRASKO J | 2001 | Journal of Forensic Sciences2001，47，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene typing for species identification显示文摘 | Naito E Dena K and Ymanouchi H | 1992 | Journal of Forensic Sciences1992，37，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Analysis of carboxyhemoglobin and cyanide in blood from victims of the DuPont Plaza Hotel fire in Puerto Rico显示文摘 | Levin B Recani P | 1990 | Journal of Forensic Sciences1990，35，： | 1 |
| 15 | The Application of Infrared Chemical Imaging to the Detection and Enhancement of Latent Fingerprints: Method Optimization and Further Findings显示文摘 | MarkTahtouh PaulineDespland RonaldShimmon John R.Kalman Brian J.Reedy | 2007 | Journal of Forensic Sciences2007，，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Casework experience of GSR detection in Israel, on samples from hands, hair, and clothing using an autosearch SEM/EDX system 显示文摘 | Zeichner A Levin N | 1995 | Journal of Forensic Sciences1995，40，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Forensic application of chemical imaging:Latent fingerprint detection using visible absorption and luminescence显示文摘 | Exline L | 2003 | Journal of Forensic Science2003，48，5： | 1 |
| 18 | A possinle approach to soil discrimination using X-ray fluorescence analysis 显示文摘 | Yoshihiro Hiraoka | 1994 | Journal of Forensic Science1994，39，： | 1 |
| 19 | Some new ideas for dating ballpoint inks- a feasibility study显示文摘 | AGINSKY V N | 1993 | Journal of Forensic Sciences1993，38，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Forensic comparison of soils by bacterial community DNA profiling显示文摘 | Horswell J Cordiner S J Maas EW | 2002 | Journal of Forensic Science2002，47，2： | 1 |
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