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| 1 | Hunt for mammalian sleep-regulating genes显示文摘Genetics is one of the various approaches adopted to understand and control mammalian sleep.Reverse genetics,which is usually applied to analyze sleep in gene-deficient mice,has been the mainstream field of genetic studies on sleep for the past three decades and has revealed that various molecules,including orexin,are involved in sleep regulation.Recently,forward genetic studies in humans and mice have identified gene mutations responsible for heritable sleep abnormalities,such as SIK3,NALCN,DEC2,the neuropeptide S receptor,andβ1 adrenergic receptor.Furthermore,the protein kinase A-SIK3 pathway was shown to represent the intracellular neural signaling for sleep need.Large-scale genome-wide analyses of human sleep have been conducted,and many gene loci associated with individual differences in sleep have been found.The development of genome-editing technology and gene transfer by an adeno-associated virus has updated and expanded the genetic studies on mammals.These efforts are expected to elucidate the mechanisms of sleep–wake regulation and develop new therapeutic interventions for sleep disorders. | Hiromasa Funato Masashi Yanagisawa | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,3: | 2 |
| 2 | Review of brain-computer interface based on steady-state visual evoked potential显示文摘The brain-computer interface(BCI)technology has received lots of attention in the field of scientific research because it can help disabled people improve their quality of life.Steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)is the most researched BCI experimental paradigm,which offers the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and short training-time requirement by users.In a complete BCI system,the two most critical components are the experimental paradigm and decoding algorithm.However,a systematic combination of the SSVEP experimental paradigm and decoding algorithms is missing in existing studies.In the present study,the transient visual evoked potential,SSVEP,and various improved SSVEP paradigms are compared and analyzed,and the problems and development bottlenecks in the experimental paradigm are finally pointed out.Subsequently,the canonical correlation analysis and various improved decoding algorithms are introduced,and the opportunities and challenges of the SSVEP decoding algorithm are discussed. | Siyu Liu Deyu Zhang Ziyu Liu Mengzhen Liu Zhiyuan Ming Tiantian Liu Dingjie Suo Shintaro Funahashi Tianyi Yan | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,4: | 1 |
| 3 | The molecular mechanism of natural short sleep:A path towards understanding why we need to sleep显示文摘Sleep constitutes a third of human life and it is increasingly recognized as important for health.Over the past several decades,numerous genes have been identified to be involved in sleep regulation in animal models,but most of these genes when disturbed impair not only sleep but also health and physiological functions.Human natural short sleepers are individuals with lifelong short sleep and no obvious adverse outcomes associated with the lack of sleep.These traits appear to be heritable,and thus characterization of the genetic basis of natural short sleep provides an opportunity to study not only the genetic mechanism of human sleep but also the relationship between sleep and physiological function.This review focuses on the current understanding of mutations associated with the natural short sleep trait and the mechanisms by which they contribute to this trait. | Liubin Zheng Luoying Zhang | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,3: | 1 |
| 4 | The impact of social isolation on health and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster and beyond显示文摘Many organisms,including humans,have evolved dynamic social behaviors to promote survival.Public health studies show that isolation from social groups is a major risk factor for adverse health outcomes in humans,but these studies lack mechanistic understanding.Animal models can provide insight into the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying how social isolation impacts health through investigations using genetic,genomic,molecular,and neuroscience methods.In this review,we discuss Drosophila melanogaster as a robust genetic model for studying the effects of social isolation and for developing a mechanistic understanding of the perception of social isolation and how it impacts health. | Aabha Vora Andrew DNguyen Carmen Spicer Wanhe Li | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,3: | 1 |
| 5 | Role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in sleep-wake regulation显示文摘The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus(PVH)acts as a cohesive functional unit that regulates neuroendocrine and autonomic function,complex behavior,and negative emotions after stress.However,how the PVH integrates arousal with these biological functions has only recently been explored.Clinical reports,combined with neurotoxic lesioning,immunochemistry,neuronal activity recordings,and the polysomnographic analyses of genetically modified animals,have revealed that the PVH is important for the control of wakefulness.Here,we review emerging anatomical and neural mechanisms for sleep–wake regulation in the PVH to support its essential role in the promotion and maintenance of wakefulness. | Shan Jiang Lu Chen Zhi-Li Huang Chang-Rui Chen | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,3: | 1 |
| 6 | NMDARs regulate the excitatory-inhibitory balance within neural circuits显示文摘Excitatory-inhibitory(E/I)balance is essential for normal neural development,behavior and cognition.E/I imbalance leads to a variety of neurological disorders,such as autism and schizophrenia.NMDA receptors(NMDARs)regulate AMPAR-mediated excitatory and GABAAR-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission,suggesting that NMDARs play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the E/I balance.In this review,we briefly introduced NMDARs,AMPARs and GABAARs,summarized the current studies on E/I balance mediated by NMDARs,and discussed the current advances in NMDAR-mediated AMPAR and GABAAR development.Specifically,we analyzed the role of NMDAR subunits in the establishment and maintenance of E/I balance,which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the recovery of E/I imbalance in neurological disorders. | Liang Zhou Xiaohui Sun Jingjing Duan | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,1: | 1 |
| 7 | Promoting brain-computer interface in China by BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest显示文摘The year ahead marks the 50th anniversary of the first publication on the brain-computer interface(BCI)proposed by Vidal in 1973.Over the past decades,continuous progress has been made in designing and optimizing the BCI system toward a high-performance,robust and ease-of-use“mind reading”.The nascent field of BCI has brought together scientists from neuroscience,computer science as well as engineers and clinicians worldwide to address the highly challenging problem. | Bingchuan Liu Xiaogang Chen Yijun Wang Xiaorong Gao | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,2: | 1 |
| 8 | Overview of the winning approaches in 2022 World Robot Contest Championship–Asynchronous SSVEP显示文摘In recent years,the steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)electroencephalogram paradigm has gained considerable attention owing to its high information transfer rate.Several approaches have been proposed to improve the performance of SSVEP-based brain–computer interface(BCI)systems.In SSVEP-based BCIs,the asynchronous scenario poses a challenge as the subjects stare at the screen without synchronization signals from the system.The algorithm must distinguish whether the subject is being stimulated or not,which presents a significant challenge for accurate classification.In the 2022 World Robot Contest Championship,several effective algorithm frameworks were proposed by participating teams to address this issue in the SSVEP competition.The efficacy of the approaches employed by five teams in the final round is demonstrated in this study,and an overview of their methods is provided.Based on the final score,this paper presents a comparative analysis of five algorithms that propose distinct asynchronous recognition frameworks via diverse statistical methods to differentiate between intentional control state and non-control state based on dynamic window strategies.These algorithms achieve an impressive information transfer rate of 89.833 and a low false positive rate of 0.073.This study provides an overview of the algorithms employed by different teams to address asynchronous scenarios in SSVEP-based BCIs and identifies potential future avenues for research in this area. | Zhenbang Du Rui Bian Dongrui Wu | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,3: | 0 |
| 9 | Algorithm contest of motor imagery BCI in the World Robot Contest 2022:A survey显示文摘From August 19 to 21,2022,the BCI Controlled Robot Contest finals in the World Robot Contest 2022 were held in Beijing,China.Fifteen teams participated in the finals in the Algorithm Contest of Motor Imagery BCI.This paper introduces the algorithms in the motor imagery(MI)classification area,describes the competition content and set,and summarizes the algorithms and results of the top five teams in the finals.First,the MI paradigm and the overview of the existing motor imagery brain–computer interface classification algorithms are introduced,followed by the introduction of the algorithms of the top five teams in the final step by step,including electroencephalography channel selection,data length selection,data preprocessing,data augmentation,classification network,training,and testing settings.Finally,the highlights and results of each algorithm are discussed. | Jiayu An Xinru Chen Dongrui Wu | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,3: | 0 |
| 10 | Winning algorithms in BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022:BCI Turing Test显示文摘The Turing Test is a method of testing whether a machine has human intelligence.A novel brain–computer interface(BCI)Turing Test was proposed in the BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022.Contestants developed algorithms that can distinguish if an instruction is issued by a human.Participants collaborated with an electroencephalogram-based BCI to play a soccer game in a virtual scenario.Participants were asked to perform steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)tasks or motor imagery(MI)tasks to control the robots or be in an idle state to mimic the system giving instructions on behalf of the participants.Several algorithms proposed in this competition are developed based on the concept that the idle state is a category in multiclass classification problems.This paper details the algorithms of the top five teams with the best performance in the final,lists the popular classification models and algorithms for MI and SSVEP,and discusses the effectiveness of each approach in improving classification performance and reducing the computation time. | Hangjie Yi Dongjun Liu Xuanyu Jin Hangkui Zhang Wanzeng Kong | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,3: | 0 |
| 11 | A review of deep learning methods for cross-subject rapid serial visual presentation detection in World Robot Contest 2022显示文摘The rapid serial visual presentation(RSVP)paradigm has garnered considerable attention in brain–computer interface(BCI)systems.Studies have focused on using cross-subject electroencephalogram data to train cross-subject RSVP detection models.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis of the top 5 deep learning algorithms used by various teams in the event-related potential competition of the BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022.We evaluated these algorithms on the final data set and compared their performance in cross-subject RSVP detection.The results revealed that deep learning models can achieve excellent results with appropriate training methods when applied to cross-subject detection tasks.We discussed the limitations of existing deep learning algorithms in cross-subject RSVP detection and highlighted potential research directions. | Zehui Wang Hongfei Zhang Zhouyu Ji Yuliang Yang Hongtao Wang | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,3: | 0 |
| 12 | Transformer-based ensemble deep learning model for EEG-based emotion recognition显示文摘Emotion recognition is one of the most important research directions in the field of brain–computer interface(BCI).However,to conduct electroencephalogram(EEG)-based emotion recognition,there exist difficulties regarding EEG signal processing;moreover,the performance of classification models in this regard is restricted.To counter these issues,the 2022 World Robot Contest successfully held an affective BCI competition,thus promoting the innovation of EEG-based emotion recognition.In this paper,we propose the Transformer-based ensemble(TBEM)deep learning model.TBEM comprises two models:a pure convolutional neural network(CNN)model and a cascaded CNN-Transformer hybrid model.The proposed model won the abovementioned affective BCI competition’s final championship in the 2022 World Robot Contest,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed TBEM deep learning model for EEG-based emotion recognition. | Xiaopeng Si Dong Huang Yulin Sun Shudi Huang He Huang Dong Ming | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,3: | 0 |
| 13 | Overview of recognition methods for SSVEP-based BCIs in World Robot Contest 2022: MATLAB undergraduate group显示文摘The steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)-based speller has emerged as a widely adopted paradigm in current brain–computer interface(BCI) systems due to its rapid processing and consistent performance across different individuals. Calibration-free SSVEP algorithms, as opposed to their calibration-based counterparts, offer clear and intuitive mathematical principles, making them accessible to novice developers. During the World Robot Contest(WRC)2022, participants in the undergraduate category utilized various approaches to accomplish target detection in the calibration-free setting, successfully implementing the algorithms using MATLAB.The winning approach achieved an average information transfer rate of 198.94 bits/min in the final test, which is notably high given the calibration-free scenario. This paper presents an introduction to the underlying principles of the selected methods, accompanied by a comparison of their effectiveness through analysis of results from both the final test and offline experiments. Additionally, we propose that the youth competition of WRC could serve as an ideal starting point for beginners interested in studying and developing their own BCI systems. | Chengzhi Yi Yuxuan Wu Fan Ye Xinchen Zhang Jingjing Chen | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,3: | 0 |
| 14 | New advances in molecular and neural mechanisms of sleep regulation显示文摘Sleep exists ubiquitously among invertebrate and vertebrate animals.While sleep survives millions of years of evolution,it is unclear exactly what essential functions that sleep provides to animals.Sleep and wakefulness are mainly regulated by circadian and homeostatic mechanisms[1,2]. | Qinghua Liu | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,3: | 0 |
| 15 | Application of virtual reality for dementia management显示文摘Age is recognized as the major factors of dementia,especially in for Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Given to the aged population,the increased number of demented population has been receiving a great impact in our society.Unfortunately,so far,no cured medicines have been demonstrated to provide effective treatment in AD.The combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions has been proposed to manage dementia with potential benefits especially in decreasing caregiver’s burden and behavior,as well as psychological problems of demented patients.Recently,giving to the glorious development in digital technologies,the virtual reality,one of the non-pharmacological interventions has been used extensively in dementia managements for its strengths which can be adapted in accordance with the heterogeneous needs from demented patients and their caregivers.However,various study designs and other reasons made these results difficult to be interpreted.In this review our goal is to provide a better understanding for these points. | Yuan-Han Yang Rocksy FV Situmeang Paulus Anam Ong Rajka M Liscic | 2022 | Brain Science Advances2022,8,3: | 0 |
| 16 | Neuronal excitation regulation and beyond显示文摘Human brain is composed by 10 billion of neurons. The connection and signal flow between neurons form the functional unit-neural circuits. The rhythmic activities from neurons, together with their surrounding cells, glia, govern specific behaviors. Thus, the best way to understand how brain functions and modulated, is to zoom into the single neuron’s excitation, to see how their activities are established, maintained, and modulated elegantly. Understanding the molecular components of synaptic proteins, like N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors\K+ channels etc. and how neurons respond the environment like tissue stiffness and virus will provide critical mechanism of neuronal excitation origin. Moreover, developing novel techniques for the probe and manipulation of neuron or neural circuit, should significantly contribute to and promote the neuroscience field. | Shangbang Gao Yan Zhang | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,1: | 0 |
| 17 | BK channels in microglia显示文摘Large-conductance calcium-and voltage-dependent potassium(BK)channels are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and participate in various physiological and pathological processes such as neurotransmission and cerebral ischemia.BK channels comprise up to four pore-formingαsubunits and zero to four accessory subunits.Although microglial BK currents were initially recorded 27 years ago,their roles have long been elusive.Studies have demonstrated that BK channels modulate the activation,phagocytosis,and probably migration of microglia and have associated microglial BK channels with many neurological diseases,including neuropathic pain and stroke.This review summarizes the available information regarding the biophysical,functional,and pathological aspects of microglial BK channels and discusses future directions of research into these channels. | Xiaohui Sun | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,1: | 0 |
| 18 | Substrate stiffness in nerve cells显示文摘Recently, substrate stiffness has been involved in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, the role and function of substrate stiffness remain unclear. Here, we review known effects of substrate stiffness on nerve cell morphology and function in the central and peripheral nervous systems and their involvement in pathology. We hope this review will clarify the research status of substrate stiffness in nerve cells and neurological disorder. | Weijin Si Jihong Gong Xiaofei Yang | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,1: | 0 |
| 19 | Activatable molecular fluorescence probes for the imaging and detection of ischemic stroke显示文摘The real-time, noninvasive, nonionizing, high spatiotemporal resolution, and flexibility characteristics of molecular fluorescence imaging provide a uniquely powerful approach to imaging and monitoring the physiology and pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Currently, various fluorescence probes have been synthesized with the aim of improving quantitative and quantitative studies of the pathologic processes of ischemic stroke in living animals. In this review, we present an overview of current activatable fluorescence probes for the imaging and diagnosis of ischemic stroke in animal models. We categorize the probes based on their activatable signals from the biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke, and we present representative examples of their functional mechanisms. Finally, we briefly discuss future perspectives in this field. | Mengdie Wang Yan Zhang | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,1: | 0 |
| 20 | The regulation of host cytoskeleton during SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nervous system显示文摘The global economy and public health are currently under enormous pressure since the outbreak of COVID-19. Apart from respiratory discomfort, a subpopulation of COVID-19 patients exhibits neurological symptoms such as headache, myalgia, and loss of smell. Some have even shown encephalitis and necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. The cytoskeleton of nerve cells changes drastically in these pathologies, indicating that the cytoskeleton and its related proteins are closely related to the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases. In this review, we present the up-to-date association between host cytoskeleton and coronavirus infection in the context of the nervous system. We systematically summarize cytoskeleton-related pathogen-host interactions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, hoping to contribute to the development of clinical treatment in COVID-19 patients. | Qian Zhang Yaming Jiu | 2023 | Brain Science Advances2023,9,1: | 0 |