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| 1 | Pathogenesis and clinical management of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide.However,its prevalence varies among different geographic areas,and is influenced by several factors.The infection can be acquired by means of oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission,and the pathogen possesses various mechanisms that improve its capacity of mobility,adherence and manipulation of the gastric microenvironment,making possible the colonization of an organ with a highly acidic lumen.In addition,H.pylori presents a large variety of virulence factors that improve its pathogenicity,of which we highlight cytotoxin associated antigen A,vacuolating cytotoxin,duodenal ulcer promoting gene A protein,outer inflammatory protein and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.The host immune system,mainly by means of a Th1-polarized response,also plays a crucial role in the infection course.Although most H.pylori-positive individuals remain asymptomatic,the infection predisposes the development of various clinical conditions as peptic ulcers,gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.Invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods,each of them with their related advantages and limitations,have been applied in H.pylori detection.Moreover,bacterial resistance to antimicrobial therapy is a major challenge in the treatment of this infection,and new therapy alternatives are being tested to improve H.pylori eradication.Last but not least,the development of effective vaccines against H.pylori infection have been the aim of several research studies. | Breno Bittencourt de Brito Filipe Ant?nio Fran?a da Silva Aline Silva Soares Vinícius Afonso Pereira Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos Mariana Miranda Sampaio Pedro Henrique Moreira Neves Fabrício Freire de Melo | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，37： | 84 |
| 2 | Regulation of hepatic blood flow:The hepatic arterial buffer response revisited显示文摘The interest in the liver dates back to ancient times when it was considered to be the seat of life processes. The liver is indeed essential to life,not only due to its complex functions in biosynthesis,metabolism and clearance,but also its dramatic role as the blood volume reservoir. Among parenchymal organs,blood flow to the liver is unique due to the dual supply from the portal vein and the hepatic artery. Knowledge of the mutual communication of both the hepatic artery and the portal vein is essential to understand hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. To distinguish the individual importance of each of these inflows in normal and abnormal states is still a challenging task and the subject of on-going research. A central mechanism that controls and allows constancy of hepatic blood flow is the hepatic arterial buffer response. The current paper reviews the relevance of this intimate hepatic blood flow regulatory system in health and disease. We exclusively focus on the endogenous interrelationship between the hepatic arterial and portal venous inflow circuits in liver resection and transplantation,as well as inflammatory and chronic liver diseases. We do not consider the hepatic microvascular anatomy,as this has been the subject of another recent review. | Christian Eipel Kerstin Abshagen Brigitte Vollmar | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 49 |
| 3 | Impacts of climate warming on plants phenophases in China for the last 40 years显示文摘Based on plant phenology data from 26 stations of the Chinese Phenology Observation Network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the climate data, the change of plant phenophase in spring and the impact of climate warming on the plant phenophase in China for the last 40 years are analyzed. Furthermore, the geographical distribution models of phenophase in every decade are reconstructed, and the impact of climate warming on geographical distribution model of phenophase is studied as well. The results show that (i) the response of phenophase advance or delay to temperature change is nonlinear. Since the 1980s, at the same amplitude of temperature change, phenophase delay amplitude caused by temperature decrease is greater than phenophase advance amplitude caused by temperature increase; the rate of phenophase advance days decreases with temperature increase amplitude, and the rate of phenophase delay days increases with temperature decrease amplitude. (ii) The geographical distribution model between | ZHENG Jingyun GE Quansheng HAO Zhixin | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，21： | 41 |
| 4 | Update on ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation: Pathogenesis and treatment显示文摘Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with delayed graft function, graft rejection, chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Ischemia/reperfusion affects many regulatory systems at the cellular level as well as in the renal tissue that result in a distinct inflammatory reaction of the kidney graft. Underlying factors of ischemia reperfusion include energy metabolism, cellular changes of the mitochondria and cellular membranes, initiation of different forms of cell death-like apoptosis and necrosis together with a recently discovered mixed form termed necroptosis. Chemokines and cytokines together with other factors promote the inflammatory response leading to activation of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune system. If the inflammatory reaction continues within the graft tissue, a progressive interstitial fibrosis develops that impacts long-term graft outcome. It is of particular importance in kidney transplantation to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of ischemia/reperfusion on the graft as this knowledge also opens strategies to prevent or treat ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in order to improve graft outcome. | Maurizio Salvadori Giuseppina Rosso Elisabetta Bertoni | 2015 | World Journal of Transplantation2015，5，2： | 43 |
| 5 | Optimization of the head shape of the CRH3 high speed train显示文摘Aiming at optimizing the head shape of the CRH3 high speed train, an efficient optimization approach is proposed. The CFD analysis by solving Navier-Stokes equations is coupled with optimization calculation based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm, meanwhile the arbitrary shape deformation technique (ASD) is also introduced into the design flow, which greatly shortens the time consumption for geometry regeneration and flow field remeshing. As a result, the efficiency of the optimization calculation is highly improved. Statistical analysis is done to the designs in the design space, and the correlation between the design variables and the objective is studied to find out the key variables that most affect the objective. Response surface analysis is also performed to get the nonlinear relationship between the key design variables and the objective with the Kriging algorithm. Finally, after the optimization, an aerodynamic performance comparison between the optimal shape and the original shape reveals that the original shape of CRH3 high speed train owns a very stable aerodynamic performance and can be trustingly used in industry. | SUN ZhenXu1, SONG JingJing1 & AN YiRan1 College of Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，12： | 35 |
| 6 | Numerical analyses of influence of overlying pit excavation on existing tunnels显示文摘The response of existing tunnel due to overlying excavation was studied using 2D FEM (Finite element method). Three typical locations of tunnel with respect to excavation, namely at the central line under the excavation bottom, directly under the base of diaphragm wall and outside of diaphragm, were considered. The variation of tunnel response with the change of location of tunnel was analyzed. The stress path of soil surrounding tunnel during the process of excavation was compared. Numerical analysis results indicate that the underlying tunnels at different locations under the excavation will experience convergence and divergence due to overlying excavation. Moreover, the tunnel located below base of diaphragm wall will experience distortion. The deformation is mainly due to the uneven changes of ground contact pressure on tunnel linings. Both the vertical and horizontal displacement of the tunnel decrease with the increase of the tunnel embedded depth beneath the formation of excavation. | 郑刚 魏少伟 | 2008 | Journal of Central South University2008，15，S2： | 29 |
| 7 | Evaluation of epithelial-mesenchymal transitioned circulating tumor cells in patients with resectable gastric cancer: Relevance to therapy response显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in gastric cancer patients.METHODS: We detected tumor cells for expression of four epithelial(E^+) transcripts(keratins 8, 18, and 19 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule) and two mesenchymal(M^+) transcripts(Vimentin and Twist) by a quantifiable, dual-colorimetric RNA-in situ hybridization assay. Between July 2014 and October 2014, 44 patients with gastric cancer were recruited for CTC evaluation. Blood samples were obtained from selected patients during the treatment course [before surgery, after surgery and at the 6^(th) cycle of XELOX based chemotherapy(about 6 mo postoperatively)].RESULTS: We found the EMT phenomenon in which there were a few biphenotypic E^+/M^+ cells in primary human gastric cancer specimens. Of the 44 patients, the presence of CTCs was reported in 35(79.5%) patients at baseline. Five types of cells including from exclusively E^+ CTCs to intermediate CTCs and exclusively M^+ CTCs were identified(4 patients with M^+ CTCs and 10 patients with M^+ or M^+ > E^+ CTCs). Further, a chemotherapy patient having progressive disease showed a proportional increase of mesenchymal CTCs in the post-treatment blood specimens. We used NCI-N87 cells to analyze the linearity and sensitivity of Can Patrol^(TM) system and the correlation coefficient(R^2) was 0.999.CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the EMT phenomenon was both in a few cells of primary tumors and abundantly in CTCs from the blood of gastric cancer patients, which might be used to monitor therapy response. | Ting-Ting Li Hao Liu Feng-Ping Li Yan-Feng Hu Ting-Yu Mou Tian Lin Jiang Yu Lei Zheng Guo-Xin Li | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 29 |
| 8 | A GIS-aided response model of high-altitude permafrost to global change显示文摘Two models are used to simulate the high-altitude permafrost distribution on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The two models are the 'altitude model', a Gaussian distribution function used to describe the latitudinal zonation of permafrost based on the three-dimensional rules of high-altitude permafrost, and the 'frost number model', a dimensionless ratio defined by manipulation of freezing and thawing degree-day sums. The results show that the 'altitude model' can simulate the high-altitude permafrost distribution under present climate conditions accurately. Given the essential hypotheses and using the GCM scenarios from HADCM2, the 'altitude model' is used for predicting the permafrost distribution change on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The results show that the permafrost on the plateau will not change significantly during 20—50 a, the percentage of the total disappeared area will not be over 19%. However, by the year 2099, if the air temperature increases by an average of 2.91℃ on the plateau, the | 李新 程国栋 | 1999 | Science China Earth Sciences1999，42，1： | 27 |
| 9 | Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate TNBS-induced colitis by modulating inflammatory and autoimmune responses显示文摘AIM: To investigate the potential therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we transplanted MSCs into an experimental model of IBD. METHODS: A rectal enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered to female BALB/c mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were derived from male green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice and were transplanted intravenously into the experimental animals after disease onset. Clinical activity scores and histological changes were evaluated. GFP and Sex determining region Y gene (SRY ) expression were used for cell tracking. Ki67 positive cells and Lgr5-expressing cells were determined to measure proliferative activity. Inflammatory response was determined by mea-suring the levels of different inflammatory mediators in the colon and serum. The inflammatory cytokines included tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Master regulators of Th1 cells (T-box expressed in T cells, T-bet), Th17 cells (retinoid related orphan receptor gamma(t), RORγt), Th2 cells (GATA family of transcription factors 3, GATA3) and regulatory T cells (forkhead box P3, Foxp3) were also determined. RESULTS: Systemic infusion of GFP-BMSCs ameliorated the clinical and histopathologic severity of colitis, including body weight loss, diarrhea and inflammation, and increased survival (P < 0.05). The cell tracking study showed that MSCs homed to the injured colon. MSCs promoted proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (P < 0.01). This therapeutic effect was mainly mediated by downregulation of both Th1-Th17-driven autoimmune and inflammatory responses (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, T-bet; IL-6, IL-17, RORγt), and by up-regulation of Th2 activities (IL-4, IL-10, GATA-3) (P < 0.05). MSCs also induced activated CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (TGF-β, IL-10, Foxp3) with a suppressive capacity on Th1-Th17 effecter responses and promoted Th2 differentiation in vivo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MSCs are key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses and may be an attractive candidate for cell-based therapy of IBD. | Qian-Qian Chen Li Yan Chang-Zheng Wang Wei-Hua Wang Hui Shi Bin-Bin Su Qing-Huan Zeng Hai-Tao Du Jun Wan | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，29： | 25 |
| 10 | State-of-the-art review on frequency response of wind power plants in power systems显示文摘With an increasing penetration of wind power in the modern electrical grid, the increasing replacement of large conventional synchronous generators by wind power plants will potentially result in deteriorated frequency regulation performance due to the reduced system inertia and primary frequency response. A series of challenging issues arise from the aspects of power system planning,operation, control and protection. Therefore, it is valuable to develop variable speed wind turbines(VSWTs) equipped with frequency regulation capabilities that allow them to effectively participate in addressing severe frequency contingencies. This paper provides a comprehensive surveyon frequency regulation methods for VSWTs. It fully describes the concepts, principles and control strategies of prevailing frequency controls of VSWTs, including future development trends. It concludes with a performance comparison of frequency regulation by the four main types of wind power plants. | Ziping WU Wenzhong GAO Tianqi GAO Weihang YAN Huaguang ZHANG Shijie YAN Xiao WANG | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，1： | 26 |
| 11 | Effect and mechanism of salvianolic acid B on the myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in rats显示文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B on rats with myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury.Methods:SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=10 in each group):A sham operation group,B ischemic reperfusion group model group,C low dose salvianolic acid B group,D median dose salvianolic acid B group,E high dose salvianolic acid B group.One hour after establishment of the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model,the concentration and the apoptotic index of the plasma level of myocardial enzymes(CTnⅠ,CKMB),SOD,MDA,NO,ET were,measured.Heart tissues were obtained and micro-structural changes were observed.Results:Compared the model group,the plasma CTnⅠ,CK-MB,MDA and ET contents were significantly increased,NO,T-SOD contents were decreased in the treatment group(group C,D,and E)(P<0.05);compared with group E,the plasma CTnⅠ,CKMB,MDA and ET levels were increased,the NO,T-SOD levels were decreased in groups C and D(P<0.05).Infarct size was significantly reduced,and the myocardial ultrastructural changes were improved significantly in treatment group.Conclusions:Salvianolic acid B has a significant protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.It can alleviate oxidative stress,reduce calcium overload,improve endothelial function and so on. | Ling Xue Zhen Wu Xiao-Ping Ji Xia-Qing Gao Yan-Hua Guo | 2014 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2014，7，4： | 24 |
| 12 | Systemic inflammation and immune response after laparotomy vs laparoscopy in patients with acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis, acute phase response and immunological status in patients treated by laparoscopic or open approach. METHODS: From January 2002 to May 2012, we conducted a prospective randomized study on 45 consecutive patients (27 women, 18 men; mean age 58 years). These subjects were taken from a total of 681 patients who were hospitalised presenting similar preoperative findings: acute upper abdominal pain with tenderness, involuntary guarding under the right hypochondrium and/or in the flank; fever higher than 38 ℃, leukocytosis greater than 10 × 10 9 /L or both, and ultrasonographic evidence of calculous cholecystitis possibly complicated by peritonitis. These patients had undergone cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis,complicated by bile peritonitis. Randomly, 23 patients were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and 22 patients to open cholecystectomy (OC). Blood samples were collected from all patients before operation and at days 1, 3 and 6 after surgery. Serum bacteraemia, endotoxaemia, white blood cells (WBCs), WBC subpopulations, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), neutrophil elastase, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min, at 4, 6, 12, 24 h, and then daily (8 A.M.) until post-operative day 6.RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in the severity of peritoneal contamination as indicated by the viable bacterial count (open group = 90% of positive cultures vs laparoscopic group = 87%) and endotoxin level (open group = 33.21 ± 6.32 pg/mL vs laparoscopic group = 35.02 ± 7.23 pg/mL). Four subjects in the OC group (18.1%) and 1 subject (4.3%) in the LC group (P < 0.05) developed intra-abdominal abscess. Severe leukocytosis (range 15.8-19.6/mL) was observed only after OC but not after LC, mostly due to an increase in neutrophils (days 1 and 3, P < 0.05). This value returned to the normal range within 3-4 d after LC and 5-7 d after OC. Other WBC types and lymphocyte subpopulations showed no significant variation. On the first day after surgery, a statistically significant difference was observed in HLA-DR expression between LC (13.0 ± 5.2) and OC (6.0 ± 4.2) (P < 0.05). A statistically significant change in plasma elastase concentration was recorded post-operatively at days 1, 3, and 6 in patients from the OC group when compared to the LC group (P < 0.05). In the OC group, the serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 began to increase considerably from the first to the sixth hour after surgery. In the LC group, the increase of serum IL-1 and IL-6 levels was delayed and the peak values were notably lower than those in the OC group. Significant differences between the groups, for these two cytokines, were observed from the second to the twenty-fourth hour (P < 0.05) after surgery. The mean values of serum CRP in the LC group on post-operative days (1 and 3) were also lower than those in the OC group (P < 0.05). Systemic concentration of endotoxin was higher in the OC group at all intra-operative sampling times, but reached significance only when the gallbladder was removed (OC group = 36.81 ± 6.4 ρg/mLvs LC group = 16.74 ± 4.1 ρg/mL, P < 0.05). One hour after surgery, microbiological analysis of blood cultures detected 7 different bacterial species after laparotomy, and 4 species after laparoscopy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OC increased the incidence of bacteraemia, endotoxaemia and systemic inflammation compared with LC and caused lower transient immunological defense, leading to enhanced sepsis in the patients examined. | Federico Sista Mario Schietroma Giuseppe De Santis Antonella Mattei Emanuela Marina Cecilia Federica Piccione Sergio Leardi Francesco Carlei Gianfranco Amicucci | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2013，5，4： | 23 |
| 13 | Hypoalbuminemia in colorectal cancer prognosis:Nutritional marker or inflammatory surrogate?显示文摘Albumin is the single most abundant protein in the human serum. Its roles in physiology and pathology are diverse. Serum albumin levels have been classically thought to reflect the nutritional status of patients. This concept has been challenged in the last two decades as multiple factors, such as inflammation, appeared to affect albumin levels independent of nutrition. In general, cancer patients have a high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia. As such, the role of hypoalbuminemia in patients with colorectal cancer has received significant interest. We reviewed the English literature on the prognostic value of pretreatment albumin levels in colorectal cancer. We also consolidated the evidence that led to the current understanding of hypoalbuminemia as an inflammatory marker rather than as a nutritional one among patients with colorectal cancer. | Bassel Nazha Elias Moussaly Mazen Zaarour Chanudi Weerasinghe Basem Azab | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，12： | 22 |
| 14 | Exosomes containing miR-21 transfer the characteristic of cisplatin resistance by targeting PTEN and PDCD4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘 | Tao Liu Gang Chen Dawei Sun Minghui Lei Yongqiang Li Changming Zhou Xiaodong Li Wei Xue Hong Wang Chunjun Liu Jiang Xu | 2017 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2017，49，9： | 22 |
| 15 | Antiviral treatment to prevent chronic hepatitis B or C-related hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Antiviral treatment is the only option to prevent or defer the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) or hepatitis C virus(HCV). The approved medication for the treatment of chronic HBV infection is interferon-α(IFNα) and nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs), including lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, telbivudine, entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. IFNα is the most suitable for young patients with less advanced liver diseases and those infected with HBV genotype A. IFNα treatment significantly decreases the overall incidence of HBV-related HCC in sustained responders. However, side effects may limit its long-term clinical application. Orally administered NAs are typically implemented for patients with more advanced liver diseases. NA treatment significantly reduces disease progression of cirrhosis and therefore HCC incidence, especially in HBV e antigen-positive patients. NA-resistance due to the mutations in HBV polymerase is a major limiting factor. Of the NA resistance-associated mutants, A181 T mutant significantly increases the risk of HCC development during the subsequent course of NA therapy. It is important to initiate treatment with NAs that have a high genetic barrier to resistance, to counsel patients on medication adherence and to monitor virological breakthroughs. The recommended treatment for patients with chronic HCV infection is peg-IFN plus ribavirin that can decrease the occurrence of HCC in those who achieve a sustained virological response and have not yet progressed to cirrhosis. IFN-based treatment is reserved for patients with decompensated cirrhosis who are under evaluation of liver transplantation to reduce post-transplant recurrence of HCV. More effective therapeutic options such as direct acting antiviral agents will hopefully increase the response rate in difficult-totreat patients with HCV genotype 1. However, the risk of HCC remains in cirrhotic patients(both chronic HBV and HCV infection) if treatment is initiated after cirrhosis is established. Future research should focus on investigating new agents, especially for those patients with hepatic decompensation or post-transplantation. | Li-Ping Chen Jun Zhao Yan Du Yi-Fang Han Tong Su Hong-Wei Zhang Guang-Wen Cao | 2012 | World Journal of Virology2012，1，6： | 23 |
| 16 | THE PRECURSOR OF INSTABILITY FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION显示文摘By analysing the instability process of various nonlinear systems, we conclude that their instability precursors are the continual heightening of the response rate or response ratio.Applying this theory to earthquake prediction, we adopt the periodical change of the stress in crust caused by the tide-generating force as the loading and unloading. If we can measure the ratio of the response (such as crust deformation, gravity and seismicity) during the loading period to that during the unloading period, this parameter must contain some characteristic information about the seismogenic process.With nine earthquakes (M≥7) data that occurred in Chinese mainland during 1970-1988, we take the sum of square root o?energy of small earthquakes, which is called the released strain by Benioff, as the response to the tidal loading and unloading. We find that the response ratios of seven earthquakes increase obviously before the main earthquakes. | 尹祥础 尹灿 | 1991 | Science China Chemistry1991，34，8： | 19 |
| 17 | Assessment of pH-responsive nanoparticles performance on laboratory column flotation cell applying a real ore feed显示文摘Nanoparticles(NPs)can promote the column flotation process in mining industry.Nanoparticles'effects on column flotation process(copper recovery,grade and flotation rate constant)are assessed in Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex,Iran,through response surface methodology(RSM)optimization technique.The c-Al2O3,a-Fe2O3,SiO2,and TiO2 nanoparticles are selected for these experiments.A flotation rate constant is chosen as a response to assess the effect of nanoparticles on flotation in its kinetic sense.The process p H and nanoparticle dosage are selected as the influential parameters.Results obtained from RSM indicated that the maximum percentage of Cu recovery and grade is obtained at p H of 12 and nanoparticle dosage of 6 kg/t,through a-Fe2O3 and c-Al2O3 nanoparticles,respectively.Applying nanoparticles in particular c-Al2O3 and a-Fe2O3 increases the Cu recovery by 8–10%together with the grade by 3–6%in a significant manner.It is revealed that nanoparticles could effectively be applied in enhancing the flotation performance. | Samiramis Nasirimoghaddam Ali Mohebbi Mohsen Karimi M.Reza Yarahmadi | 2020 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2020，30，2： | 19 |
| 18 | challenges of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is an aggressive malignancy,resulting as the third cause of death by cancer each year. The management of patients with HCC is complex,as both the tumour stage and any underlying liver disease must be considered conjointly. Although surveillance by imaging,clinical and biochemical parameters is routinely performed,a lot of patients suffering from cirrhosis have an advanced stage HCC at the first diagnosis. Advanced stage HCC includes heterogeneous groups of patients with different clinical condition and radiological features and sorafenib is the only approved treatment according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer. Since the introduction of sorafenib in clinical practice,several phase Ⅲ clinical trials have failed to demonstrate any superiority over sorafenib in the frontline setting. Locoregional therapies have also been tested as first line treatment,but their role in advanced HCC is still matter of debate. No single agent or combination therapies have been shown to impact outcomes after sorafenib failure. Therefore this review will focus on the range of experimental therapeutics for patients with advanced HCC and highlights the successes and failures of these treatments as well as areas for future development. Specifics such as dose limiting toxicity and safety profile in patients with liver dysfunction related to the underlying chronic liver disease should be considered when developing therapies in HCC. Finally,robust validated and reproducible surrogate end-points as well as predictive biomarkers should be defined in future randomized trials. | Stefano Colagrande Andrea L Inghilesi Sami Aburas Gian G Taliani Cosimo Nardi Fabio Marra | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，34： | 19 |
| 19 | Effects of Acupuncture on Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies显示文摘As the worldwide population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases. However, the results of promising medications have been unsatisfactory. Chinese acupuncture has a long history of treating dementia, but lack of evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials that validate its efficacy and safety, as well as its lack of clear underlying mechanisms, contribute to its limited application in clinical practice. In recent years, brain imaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, have been used to assess brain responses to acupuncture in a dynamic, visual, and objective way. These techniques are frequently used to explore neurological mechanisms of responses to acupuncture in AD and provide neuroimaging evidence as well as starting points to elucidate the possible mechanisms. This review summarizes the existing brain imaging evidence that explains the effects of acupuncture for AD and analyzes brain responses to acupuncture at cognitive-related acupoints [Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), and Taixi (KI 3)] from perspectives of acupoint specificity and acupoint combinations. Key issues and directions to consider in future studies are also put forward. This review should deepen our understanding of how brain imaging studies can be used to explore the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in AD. | YU Chao-chao MA Chao-yang WANG Hua KONG Li-hong ZHAO Yan SHEN Feng WU Miao | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2019，25，8： | 18 |
| 20 | Pegylated interferon α-2b up-regulates specific CD8+ T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of pegylated interferon (IFN) α-2b on specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS:Twenty-one patients with CHB were treated with pegylated IFN α-2b. Periphery blood mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation (density:1.077 g/L,Pharmingen) at weeks 0,4,8,12,and 24,respectively. Frequency of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitope-specific CD8 T cells was detected by flow cytometry. Cytokines were detected by cytometric bead assay. RESULTS:The frequency of circulating HBV core or env-specific CD8 T cells was higher (P < 0.05),the number of HBV core specific CD8 T cells was greater at week 24 (P < 0.05),the level of Th1-type cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IFN-γ] was higher,while that of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4,IL-6,and IL-10) was lower in responders than in nonresponders (P < 0.05) after pegylated IFN α-2b treatment. The IL-6 level was correlated with HBV DNA (r = 0.597,P = 0.04),while the inducible protein-10 (IP-10) level was correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r = 0.545,P = 0.005). The IP-10 level at week 8 after pegylated IFN α-2b treatment could predict the normalization of ALT in CHB patients (positive predict value = 56%,negative predict value = 92%). CONCLUSION:Pegylated IFN α-2b can enhance the immune response of CHB patients by increasing the frequency of HBV specific CD8+ T cells and regulating the Th1/Th2 cytokines. | Ji Chen,Yan Wang,Xue-Jie Wu,Jun Li,Feng-Qin Hou,Gui-Qiang Wang,Department of Infectious Diseases,Center for Liver Diseases,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 17 |
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